St. Andreas (Cologne)

St. Andreas in Cologne (2008)

Inside view (2005)

The St. Andreas Basilica is one of the twelve large Romanesque churches in Cologne . It is located in the Altstadt-Nord district and is a few minutes' walk from the cathedral . Since January 1st 2010, St. Andreas is no longer a parish church, but a branch church of the Catholic parish of St. Aposteln .

history

Building history

Stair tower to the crossing tower (2019)

St. Andreas is a three-aisled pillar basilica that contains Romanesque and Gothic elements. The location of St. Andreas probably goes back to an early Christian chapel with the name St. Matthaeus in fossa (St. Matthäus am Graben).

Historical documents attest to the founding of a canon monastery dedicated to St. Andrew in the second half of the 10th century ; the early Romanesque church building with crypt, initiated by Archbishop Bruno , was consecrated by Archbishop Gero in 974 to St. Andrew as patron saint. We only know of the larger new or extension of the 11th century, some of it is included in the existing Staufer church.

In the western parts of today's church, essential parts of the late Romanesque, Staufer new building from the 12th and 13th centuries have been preserved; in the 14th century, Gothic chapels were added to the side aisles of the nave. A century later, the Romanesque east choir and the crypt (link leads, among other things, to the picture of the same) in favor of a Gothic choir hall - built on the model of the Aachen choir hall - demolished. The reconstruction of the northern cross arm followed around 1470/80, while the southern cross arm was completely rebuilt in 1492 in a late Gothic form. The Romanesque crossing tower with its folding roof is significant . The two stair towers to the crossing tower, which were moved inwards with their outer facades in the course of the renovations in the Middle Ages, still come from the Salian building.

In 1802 the monastery was secularized . Before the demolition of the neighboring Dominican Church in Cologne , the remains of Albertus Magnus (1200–1280) and important pieces of equipment were transferred to the St. Andrew's Church, which became the parish church. As a result of the secularization of the Machabäerkirche, the late medieval shrine with the relics of the Maccabees also came there .

In the course of the 19th century the abbey buildings were demolished and the church was restored with neo-Romanesque corrections. The two architects Heinrich Nagelschmidt and Julius Raschdorff developed the historical concept and directed the restoration. The cloister in the west of the church was demolished in 1843 except for the east wing, today's entrance hall. The choir apex windows were renewed from 1899 by the well-known Cologne glass painting workshop Schneiders & Schmolz .

Roman sarcophagus with the bones of Albertus Magnus in the crypt of the St. Andreas Church in Cologne (2004)

The damage caused by the Second World War was largely repaired by 1947. In the 1950s, the exterior including the folding helmet on the tower was restored. As if by a miracle, despite the destruction during the war, the valuable medieval wall paintings in the chapels of the aisles were preserved.

From 1953 to 1955, parts of the 11th century crypt under the east choir were uncovered by Karl Band , modernized and expanded to include a burial chapel for St. Albertus Magnus, whose bones have rested there in a Roman sarcophagus since November 25, 1954.

A comprehensive interior and exterior restoration took place from 1992 to 1997. From 2005 to 2010 Markus Lüpertz created a colorful, twelve-part glass painting cycle in the Gothic windows of the north and south transverse arms.

Dominican

In 1947 Archbishop Joseph Frings gave the Dominicans the pastoral care of St. Andreas. In 1957 the Archdiocese of Cologne made the church available to the Dominicans as a monastery church. On the 700th anniversary of the death of St. Albertus Magnus (November 15, 1980), Pope John Paul II visited the saint's tomb.

Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher

Since the founding of the German Lieutenancy of the Knightly Order of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem on December 8, 1933, St. Andrew has been the order church of the Papal Lay Order. On the Fridays of the Sacred Heart of Jesus , the members of the Cologne Commandery of the Holy Three Kings gather for Holy Mass in their religious order church of St. Andrew.

Attractions

Retable: Schutzmantelmadonna (2019)

The sculpture of St. Christophorus by Master Tilmann and that of the Madonna of the Rosary, which was donated by the Apostolic Nuncio on the occasion of the foundation of the Arch Brotherhood in 1475, are still from the Middle Ages . Mary carries the blessing baby Jesus, who holds the globe in her hand. The color scheme as well as the silver crowns and the scepter from the church treasury are modern. The late Gothic apostle shrine on the high altar, which comes from the Johanniskirche in Niederlahnstein , has the usual shape of a Gothic chapel. The tempera paintings show the Holy Bishops Martin and Dionysius, for whose bones the shrine was originally made. From 1859 to 1954 it contained the relics of Albertus Magnus. Since 1954 the shrine has housed the arm relic of the apostle Andrew, to whom the church is dedicated. In addition, frescoes from the late Middle Ages and a Pieta from the late 14th century have been preserved in the north transverse arm. Mary is represented here rather young in a robe with lavishly decorated hems. Also worth seeing is the altar panel of the Rosary Brotherhood (also Madonna with the Cloak or Protective Cloak Madonna ) of the Master of St. Severin from the early 16th century and the so-called blood fountain of St. Ursula in the vestibule. In the southern cross arm is the Maccabees Shrine, which was commissioned in 1520 and completed in 1527. The client was the confessor Helias Mertz of the Benedictine monastery of the Holy Maccabees on the Eigelstein, which was closed in 1803. Both the blood fountain and the Maccabees shrine come from this Benedictine monastery.

Maccabees Shrine

Maccabees Shrine (2019)

Gilded copper plates form the Maccabees shrine, which according to tradition is supposed to contain relics of the seven holy Maccabees and their mother Salome ( 2 Makk 7  EU ), dates from the 16th century and looks like a church. The around 40 reliefs show scenes from the martyrdom of the Maccabees and their mother Salome, which are set parallel to the Passion of Christ and his mother Mary (for example, through the flagellation of the Maccabees and Christ). At the corners of the roof the four evangelists are depicted in contemporary humanist costumes: Matthew , John , Luke and Mark . On the corner pillars are figurative representations of Christ , Helena , Mary and a priest. This shrine was created by Peter Hanemann.

The tomb of St. Albertus Magnus

The bones of the theologian, church doctor and natural scientist Albertus Magnus have been lying in a Roman sarcophagus in the extended crypt (here also a picture of the sarcophagus in this) below the crossing since 1954 .

Artistic equipment

Inside

• Albertus Magnus window

Wilhelm Ruppert jr. Window donated in 1956 was created in 1954 by the glass painter Jakobus Melchior and shows episodes from the life of St. Albertus. It was removed in 2006 in favor of the Lüpertz window.

• Markus Lüpertz's window cycle in the north and south transverse arms

In the 1990s, the idea of ​​having the artist Markus Lüpertz design new windows for the windows in St. Andreas that were destroyed in the war and replaced by white glass matured . The first window was installed in the Maccabees' choir in December 2005. In 2007 two more windows were inaugurated. It is a depiction of the Passion of Christ and the Old Testament Maccabees. A total of twelve windows were designed by the artist. The southern Maccabees choir was finished by the end of 2008, and the northern Marian choir in summer 2010. The windows cost a total of over 1,000,000 euros, one segment 4,800 euros; they were entirely financed by donations through the Friends of Roman Churches in Cologne .

• The bronze portal was created in 1962 by the Limburg sculptor Karl Matthäus Winter .

Outside

Bismarck's head on the west facade (2012)

• Weather vane on the crossing tower by Elmar Hillebrand .
• Bismarck's head on the west facade

Dimensions

• Total internal length: 62 m
• Total width of the nave: 27.5 m
• Clear width of the central nave: 7.35 m
• Clear width of the aisles: 4.90 m
• Height of the central nave vault: 17.50 m
• Height of the dome: 16.80 m
• Tower height: 50 m

Organs

View of the main organ

The organ was built in 1995 by Gert Weyland (Opladen) based on a disposition draft by the Cologne cathedral organist Clemens Ganz . The instrument has a total of 45 stops , including 2 group slides (No. 20 and 33). The Spieltrakturen and Koppeltrakturen are mechanically, the key action is electric.

I Hauptwerk C – g 3 1. Praestant 16 ′ 2. Principal 08th' 3. Reed flute 08th' 4th Flûte harmonique 0 08th' 5. octave 04 ′ 6th Copula 04 ′ 7th Super octave 02 ′ 8th. Cornett V (from f 0 ) 08th' 9. Mixture IV-V 02 ′ 10. Trumpet 08th' Tremulant

II positive C – g 3 (swellable) 11. Wooden flute 8th' 12. Salicional 8th' 13. Principal 4 ′ 14th Night horn 4 ′ 15th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ 16. Schwegel 2 ′ 17th third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′ 18th Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′ 19th Piccolo 1' 20th Tintinabulum III 0 4 ′ 21st Cromorne 8th' 22nd Voix humaine 8th' Tremulant

III Swell C – g 3 23. Bourdon 16 ′ 24. Drone 08th' 25th Viol 08th' 26th Unda maris 08th' 27. Fugara 04 ′ 28. Flûte traversière 04 ′ 29 Nasard 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′ 30th Flageolet 02 ′ 31. Tierce 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′ 32. Plein Jeu IV-V 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′ 33. Cornett V 08th' 34. Basson 16 ′ 35. Trumpets 08th' 36. Hautbois 08th' 37. Clairon 04 ′ Tremulant

Pedal C – f 1 38. Pedestal 32 ′ 39. Principal bass 0 16 ′ 40. Sub bass 16 ′ 41. Octave bass 08th' 42. Tibia 08th' 43. Tenor octave 04 ′ 44. trombone 16 ′ 45. Trumpet 08th'

• Pairing :
  • Normal coupling: II / I, III / I III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
  • Super octave coupling: III / I (expanded), III / P
• Playing aids : 2 programmable crescendos , 2304 typesetting combinations , sequencer
• Effect register: nightingale
• Remarks:

1. ↑ Group move of registers No. 13, 18 and 19.
2. ↑ Group move from registers of the swell works.

There are also two smaller organs in St. Andreas. In the high choir is a chest organ by Gert Weyland (Opladen); The instrument has 5 registers on one manual (Gedackt 8 ', Rohrflöte 4', Schwegel 2 ', fifth 2 ² ⁄ ₃  ', third (only treble) 1 ³ ⁄ ₅  ') and a transposition device. Since 2005 there has been a positive in the crypt from the organ builder Willi Peter (Cologne); it was built for the Protestant St. Thomas Church in Cologne and also has 5 stops on one manual (covered 8 ', reed flute 4', principal 2 ', fifth 1 ¹ ⁄ ₃  ', mixture); the crypto-positive can be swelled using plexiglass blinds.

Bells

Bell Chamber (2009)

The four church bells were cast in Gescher in 1955 by Hans Hüesker ( Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock ) . They hang in a two-story steel belfry on wooden yokes in the crossing tower. The bell arrangement results in a Doric tetrachord .

No.	Surname	Diameter (mm)	Mass (kg, approx.)	Percussive ( HT - 1 / 16 )	inscription
1	Albertus Magnus	1,389	1,700	d 1 +2	“O clara lux Coloniae! Silly doctor optime Thomae magister inclytae. Hymni tributu suscipe Colonia Agrippina "
2	Holy grave	1,224	1,100	e 1 +3	“Te nationum praesides. Honore tollant publico. Colant magistri judices. Leges et artes expressing. Ordo exquestis Sancti Sepulcri hierosolymnitani "
3	Maria	1,155	900	f 1 +2	“Venite gentes carpite. Ex his rosas mysteriis et pulchri amoris inclytae. Matri coronas nectite devotae tibi Agrippinenses "
4th	Andreas	1,025	670	g 1 +3	“Andrea Christi famulo. Digni die apostolo germano fratri principis. Passionique socio parochia ad Sanctum Andream "

Support association

Church music is ideally and financially supported by the Association of Friends and Patrons of Church Music at St. Andreas .

literature

• Hiltrud Kier : The Romanesque churches in Cologne: Guide to history and furnishings. Second edition. JP Bachem, Cologne 2014, ISBN 978-3-7616-2842-3 , pp. 26–41.
• Jürgen Kaiser (text) and Florian Monheim (photos): The large Romanesque churches in Cologne , Greven Verlag, Cologne 2013, ISBN 978-3-7743-0615-8 , pp. 26–37.
• Ralf van Bühren : Art and Church in the 20th Century. The reception of the Second Vatican Council ( Council History , Series B: Investigations), Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh 2008, ISBN 978-3-506-76388-4 , p. 617.
• Sabine Czymmek: The Cologne Romanesque Churches - Treasure Art , Vol. 1. Cologne 2008 (= Colonia Romanica, year book of the Förderverein Romanische Kirchen Köln e.V. , Vol. XXII, 2007), ISBN 978-3-7743-0422-2 , Pp. 27-73.
• Ulrich Krings and Otmar Schwab: Cologne: The Romanesque churches. Destruction and restoration. Cologne 2007. Series Stadtspuren - Monuments in Cologne , Vol. 2. JP Bachem. ISBN 978-3-7616-1964-3 .
• Hiltrud Kier : Churches in Cologne . Bachem, Cologne 1999, ISBN 978-3-7616-1395-5 .
• Ulrich Krings: The crypt of St. Andreas. In: Colonia Romanica , yearbook of the Förderverein Romanische Kirchen Köln eV, vol. V (= 5). Cologne 1990, pp. 64-68.
• Barbara and Ulrich Kahle: St. Andreas. In: Hiltrud Kier and Ulrich Krings (eds.): Cologne: The Roman churches. From the beginning to the Second World War. Cologne 1984, pp. 154-182. Stadtspuren series - Monuments in Cologne , vol. 1. JP Bachem, ISBN 978-3-7616-0761-9 .
• Albert Verbeek: Cologne churches. Church architecture in Cologne from its beginnings to the present , 2nd edition, Cologne: Greven 1969.
• Lucie Hagendorf-Nussbaum: Dominican Church St. Andreas Cologne, Art Guide No. 2814, 1st edition, Verlag Schnell & Steiner GmbH, Regensburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-7954-6982-5

Individual evidence

1. ^ Romanesque churches in Cologne: Choir top window in St. Andreas (Cologne) , accessed on June 10, 2013
2. ↑ Timeline on the website of St. Andreas Church
3. ^ Elias H. Füllenbach : On the history of the order in the 19th and 20th centuries . In the S. (Ed.): More than black and white. 800 years of the Dominican Order . Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2016, ISBN 978-3-7917-2757-8 , pp. 147–165, here p. 164.
4. ↑ Ordo Equestris Sancti Sepulcri Hierosolymitani (OESSH) , St. Andreas website, accessed on January 18, 2014
5. ↑ Roswitha Hirner: The Maccabees Shrine in St. Andreas in Cologne. Diss. Bonn 1970.
6. ^ The windows of Markus Lüpertz in St. Andreas , accessed on August 23, 2012
7. ^ Heinz Firmenich: St. Andreas in Cologne . Ed .: Rhenish Association for Monument Preservation and Landscape Protection. 2nd Edition. Society for book printing, Neuss 1975, exterior construction, p. 10 .
8. ↑ Ulli Tückmantel: The mocked Chancellor. The art treasures of St. Andreas in Cologne are so impressive that it is easy to overlook a small sculptural work high up on the west facade of the church. The head is a caricature of Otto von Bismarck, who overhears the church he hated with a huge ear. In: Rheinische Post (Neuss-Grevenbroicher newspaper edition). Edition of August 7, 2012, p. A9.
9. ↑ Information on the organ
10. ^ Gerhard Hoffs (Ed.): Bell music of Catholic churches in Cologne . Pp. 79-80. ( Memento from April 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 4.07 MB)
11. ↑ Hoffs, List of Bell Motifs. In: www.glockenbuereebk p. 49, archived copy ( memento of the original from October 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 

Web links

Commons : St. Andreas  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• St. Andreas website in Cologne
• Digitized archive holdings on St. Andreas in the digital historical archive in Cologne
• Romanesque churches in Cologne: St. Andreas. In: Web presence Förderverein Romanische Kirchen Köln . Retrieved July 5, 2019 . 
• St. Andreas in Cologne at baukunst-nrw

Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 31 "  N , 6 ° 57 ′ 17.7"  E