Stained glass by Schneider and Schmolz

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cologne Cathedral, detail from the Younger Bible Window
Company signature of Schneiders and Schmolz

The workshop of the glass painting Schneider and Schmolz from Cologne-Lindenthal produced numerous sacred glass windows since 1882, especially in the Rhineland . Among other things, the company carried out reconstruction and supplementary work on some of the windows in Cologne Cathedral from 1891 to 1908, primarily on behalf of the canon and art collector Alexander Schnütgen .

Company history

The stained glass workshop was led by Paul Schmolz and Christian Schneider, who among others in the famous Linnicher glass painter Heinrich Oidtmann was formed. Before that, at the end of the 1860s, Schneiders was a student of the history painter and curator of the Wallraf-Richartz Museum , Johannes Niessen . The company's history began in workshops in the Severinsviertel and in the Belgian Quarter in downtown Cologne. In 1898 the company headquarters and workshops were relocated to Cologne-Lindenthal on Theresienstraße. Both artists worked together here until Christian Schneiders retired in 1916. Paul Schmolz continued to run a glass painting workshop in the northern old town, at Gereonshof, until the early 1920s.

The company mainly made church windows in the Rhineland. For the work the company u. a. the bronze state medal, the gold medal at the industrial and commercial exhibition in Düsseldorf (1902) and the gold medal at the craft exhibition in Cologne (1905). Outside of the Rhineland and abroad, the company was commissioned with the production of church windows. a. in Berlin (St. Anna-Stift), in the vicinity of Fulda , Eupen (St. Joseph's Church), Lontzen ( Lontzen Castle ), Malmedy (Catholic parish church), St. Vith (hospital chapel), Leiden (St. Peter) , Schaan near Vaduz (Catholic parish church) and Semmering (Catholic parish church of the Holy Family).

In addition, the workshop also received orders for public and private buildings, including for the Märkisch-Westfälischer Bahnhof in Bochum and for train stations in Essen and Gdansk. The stained glass also equipped several Cologne saloon steamers. Glass paintings from the workshop were found among others. a. in the Villa Hügel , at Satzvey Castle , the Drachenburg Castle , the Hirschburg , the Villa Puricelli and in the private villas of Cologne industrialists.

In Cologne, the company worked on well over 30 Catholic and Protestant churches and was responsible for equipping the Gürzenich , the historic town hall , the justice building , the seminary , the Wallraf-Richartz Museum , the new arts and crafts museum , the trading school at Hansaring and the building of the Civil society involved.

Works (selection)

The Schneiders und Schmolz glass painting workshop worked almost exclusively for church buildings. Even in secular buildings, such as the neo-Gothic Cologne townhouse at Brabanter Strasse 59 / corner Antwerpener Strasse, built in 1886/87, the windows used by Schneiders and Schmolz have sacred motifs and neo-Gothic window shapes.

Glass window in the Türnich Castle Chapel (1902)

Cologne cathedral

Peter and Maternus windows
Company signature of Schneiders and Schmolz

As a result of the intensive collaboration with the canon and art collector Alexander Schnütgen , the Schneiders & Schmolz glass workshop was repeatedly involved in reconstruction work on the Gothic glass windows of Cologne Cathedral from the 1890s onwards . Mainly the lead, but also a different proportion of the medieval glass panes were replaced. In particular, the reconstruction of the panes made by Wilhelm Düssel in 1844 was largely revised again. Some discs were also made from scratch to reflect the type and style of the original discs. This interpretation was heavily criticized by the cathedral builder Bernhard Hertel, who was appointed in 1903 , so that the workshop was no longer involved in later work from 1908, including the king's window in the upper aisle of the choir and the All Saints' window in the St.

  • 1891: Bernhard window and Christ cycle window in the north transept
  • 1891: Reconstruction work on the Simon Judas Thaddäus window, in which 90% of the glass panes were replaced and the lead net renewed in 1891.
  • 1901: Reconstruction of all windows of the Epiphany Chapel: approx. 50% renewal of the panes and new lead-lining of the older Bible window (1901), Epiphany window (1901) and 85-90% renewal of the panes and re-leading of the Peter and Maternus windows.
  • 1901/1902: Reconstruction of the younger bible window of the Stephanus chapel, in which the rung spacing was redesigned, some panes redesigned and a new lead was made.
  • 1902: Renewal and reconstruction of 90–95% of the glass panes and new lead-lining of the Thomas Johannes Baptist window and the ornamental carpet of the Michael Chapel on behalf of Alexander Schnütgen. During the reconstruction, glass panes from the window depot of the cathedral were used.
  • 1907/1908: Reconstruction of the ornamental carpet in the Maternus Chapel, in which two thirds of the old panes and twelve carpet fields were replaced. The cost of the reconstruction work amounted to 2,400 marks.

One of the replaced original discs of the ornamental carpet with diamond wreath and interlaced leaves from the Marienkapelle is now in the Suermondt Ludwig Museum in Aachen , which acquired the disc (inventory number 79) from Schneiders & Schmolz.

Knechtsteden Monastery

St. Petus Claver Window (1913)
St. Squidward Window

In the basilica of the Knechtsteden monastery near Dormagen , the Schneider and Schmolz company demonstrably produced 28 glass windows for the basilica from 1889 to 1910 :

  • St. Joseph of Nazareth, St. Juliana of Nicomedia, engagement of Mary to Joseph , Mary's death (1889)
  • Mary and Christ - Choir Window (1889)
  • St. Mechthildis von Hackeborn, St. Norbert von Magdeburg, Adoration of the Magi, Donors - Choir window (1889)
  • St. Peter
  • St. Paula
  • St. Andrew
  • St. John
  • St. James the Elder (donated in 1909 by Jakob and Katharina Marchand)
  • Coat of arms emblems of the Spiritans: Spirit dove and Heart of Mary, window in the rear apse (1910)
  • St. James the Younger (1910)
  • St. Philip (1910)
  • St. Thomas (1910)
  • St. Bartholomäus (1913, gift from the city of Neuss)
  • St. Matthew (1913)
  • St. Simon (1913)
  • St. Jude Thaddäus (1913)
  • St. Francis Xavier (1913)
  • St. Petrus Claver (1913)
  • Venerable P. Libermann (1913)
  • Blessed Jac. Laval (1913)
  • five ornamental windows in the transept , two in the choir , two in the apse

Catholic Church St. Lucia in Stolberg

In the years 1891 to 1906, the Schneider and Schmolz workshops made the glazing of the St. Lucia church in Stolberg . Today 10 discs are still preserved, some of which are dated, such as

  • Peter helps a lame man (dated 1891)
  • Spirit sending (dated 1891)
  • Annunciation to Mary (dated 1905)
  • The Holy Family (dated 1905)
  • Baptism of Jesus in the Jordan (dated 1905)
  • Sermon on the Mount (dated 1905)
  • Resurrection of Christ (dated 1905)
  • Ascension Day (dated 1906)

Not exactly dated glass windows are:

  • the ornament with a pair of lions above the side entrance (probably 1891/92)
  • Last Supper (probably 1905)
  • Birth of Christ (probably 1905)

Catholic Church of St. Apollinaris and Agatha in Kall-Scheven

For the small village church of St. Apollinaris and Agatha in Scheven , Schneiders and Schmolz designed the three choir windows as picture windows in 1895. The six windows in the nave were worked as ornamental windows, the tracery picture ornaments, etc. a. lead by St. Elisabeth of Thuringia , St. Barbara, St. Brigitta, St. Michael, St. Wendelin and St. Anthony of Padua .

Stained glass window of the Markuskapelle in Odenthal; Restoration of the grisaille windows in Altenberg Cathedral

Six-pass window depicting the Seven Sorrows of Mary

In the middle of 1890, the Lindenthal workshop restored and added around 20 grisaille windows to Altenberg Cathedral . The work was expressly praised by the Provincial Curator of the Rhine Province Paul Clemen in 1896. In 1899, the Schneiders und Schmolz glass painting workshop was commissioned to reconstruct and redesign the six historic leaded glass windows in Altenberg's St. Mark's Chapel from the 13th century. In addition to the five glass windows, the workshop also created the six-pass window with the representation of the Seven Sorrows of Mary.

Catholic Church of St. Gertrudis in Schwalmtal-Dilkrath

In 1904 the Schneider and Schmolz workshop made 12 church windows for the Catholic Church of St. Gertrudis in Dilkrath Schwalmtal , among others. a .:

  • the ornamental window above the main entrance
  • two ornamental windows of the north chapel
  • five ornamental windows of the aisles
  • an ornament window of the choir
  • St. Hubert von Lüttich and St. John the Baptist, picture window in the choir
  • Coronation of Mary, picture window in the choir
  • St. Catherine of Alexandria and St. Gertrud von Nivelles, picture window in the choir

Catholic Church St. Hubertus in Stolberg-Büsbach

The original furnishings with church windows by St. Hubertus in Stolberg-Büsbach were replaced between 1911 and 1914 by picture windows from the Schneider and Schmolz workshops , of which 12 windows, including 10 picture windows, are still preserved today. Some of the windows are dated by the artists.

  • Christ the Child Friend, window above the entrance portal (1911–1914)
  • St. Gregory the Great, St. Mattias, window above the side entrance (1914)
  • The prophets Isaias and Jeremias, window in the side aisle (1911–1914)
  • St. Peter and St. Paul, window in the side aisle (1911–1914)
  • The Evangelists St. Luke and St. John, window in the side aisle (1911–1914)
  • St. Philip, St. James the Younger, window in the side aisle (1911–1914)
  • St. Simon Zelotes, St. Judas Thaddäus, window in the side aisle (1911)
  • St. Dominic of Caleruega, St. Francis of Assisi, window in the side aisle (1911)
  • St. Clare of Assisi, St. Theresa of Avila, window in the side aisle (1911)
  • St. George, St. Anselm of Canterbury, window above the side entrance (1914)
  • Two ornamental windows in the sacristy

Catholic Church St. Michael in Dortmund-Lanstrop

The Catholic Church of St. Michael in Dortmund 's Lanstrop district was fitted out in 1913 by the Cologne glass painting workshop Schneiders & Schmolz with 28 church windows, 15 of which are still in their original state. 7 windows were destroyed in 1943 and replaced by Otto Peters between 1985 and 1986. The ornamental windows with central pictorial symbols that were lost in the war have been reconstructed based on the models of the old windows.

Catholic Church of St. Georg in Korschenbroich-Liedberg

In 1915 the Cologne workshop made the church windows for the church of St. Gereon in Liedberg . In addition to four small leaded glass windows for the chapel, the windows for the main nave were made as ornamental windows with medallions and pictorial representations in the tracery. Only the windows on the organ gallery and above the entrance are still preserved today as picture windows. The artists left their monogram in the middle of a round ornamental window in the aisle.

Former Catholic Church of St. Lambertus in Erkelenz-Immerath

Translocated church window Jesus the child friend in St. Lambertus in Immerath (new)

In 1891, the art glass painting company Schneiders and Schmolz made the windows for the new building of the Catholic parish church in Immerath . During the Second World War, the church and a large part of the window glazing were badly damaged or destroyed. Before the church of St. Lambertus was profaned, there were still six original windows from 1891 in the church: four windows in the side entrance and two windows in the sacristy . In 2015, these were integrated into the new building of St. Lambertus Church in Immerath (new) , including the baptistery, the sacristy and the assembly room.

  • Annunciation to Mary, window in the side entrance of the former St. Lambertus Church
  • St. Anna with Maria, window in the side entrance
  • Engagement of Mary to Joseph of Nazareth, window in the side entrance
  • Death of St. Joseph, window in the side entrance
  • What you do to the least of my brothers, you did to me, window in the sacristy
  • Jesus the child friend, window in the sacristy, today in the baptistery of St. Lambertus in Immerath (new)

Museums

During their lifetime, the Schneider & Schmolz workshop donated some of its art glass to museums, primarily in the Rhineland. The artists left the Museum Schnütgen a . a. the art glass "Angels making music". In the newly founded Kunstgewerbemuseum in Cologne, Christian Schneiders was active several times as a speaker for lecture events on the subject of glass painting in old and new times . At the beginning of the 20th century, the Schneiders und Schmolz glass painting took part in various exhibitions by Cologne artisans, so u. a. 1905 at the home improvement exhibition of the Cologne administrative district in 1905 .

In the Suermondt-Ludwig-Museum in Aachen there is a window pane, which presumably originates from the Marienkapelle of Cologne Cathedral and was bought by Schneiders & Schmolz .

literature

  • Kunst-Glasmalerei Schneiders & Schmolz GmbH Koeln-Lindenthal: List of a number of already executed glass paintings together with some illustrations , Cologne 1902, 48 pp.
  • Herbert Rohde: Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi Germany IV / 1. The medieval stained glass of Cologne Cathedral. Deutscher Verlag für Kunstwissenschaften, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-87157-046-X .
  • Ulrike Brinkmann: The younger Bible window. Publishing house Kölner Dom, Cologne 1993, ISBN 3-922442-03-X .
  • Susanne Heydasch-Lehmann: The windows in the choir of the parish church of St. Andreas by the companies Schneiders & Schmolz (1899) and Reuter (1918). Colonia Romanica. Yearbook of the Friends of the Roman Churches Cologne eV 5, 121/35.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cologne Cathedral: Younger Bible Window , accessed on June 7, 2013.
  2. ^ Address book from Cologne 1885 to 1889, Grevens Kölner Adressbuch Verlag
  3. ↑ Kölner Stadtanzeiger , No. 257 of June 9, 1899
  4. ↑ Kunst-Glasmalerei Schneiders & Schmolz GmbH Koeln-Lindenthal: List of a number of already executed glass paintings together with a few illustrations . Cologne 1902, p. 33-39 .
  5. ^ Hiltrud Kier, Werner Schäfke: The Cologne rings - history and shine of a street. Vista Point, Cologne 1987, ISBN 3-88973-066-3 , plate 60.
  6. ^ Foundation Research Center for Stained Glass in the 20th Century: Charlemagne Window , accessed on June 9, 2013.
  7. ↑ Sebastian Lentz: The northern Voigtland around Greiz. In: Landscape in Germany - Values ​​of our homeland. Böhlau-Verlag, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-412-09003-4 , p. 322.
  8. ↑ Journal for Christian Art, Issue 7, 1890, p. 204.
  9. ↑ Catalog of sacred buildings, p. 196.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 5.0 MB), accessed June 10, 2013.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de  
  10. ↑ LWL press releases of January 6, 2006 , accessed on June 10, 2013.
  11. ↑ Petrus Martyr window of the Cologne brewery corporation ( Memento of the original from September 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed June 13, 2013.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.koelner-brauerei-verband.de
  12. ↑ Church window for the Holy Cross Church, Aachen , accessed on June 11, 2013.
  13. ^ Romanesque churches in Cologne: Choir top window in St. Andreas (Cologne) , accessed on June 10, 2013.
  14. ↑ In: Magazine of the German Foundation for Monument Protection: Kosmos auf der Kippe - An emergency prevails in the chapel of Türnich Castle , December 2012, accessed on June 10, 2013.
  15. ↑ stadtentwicklung.berlin.de: Monuments in Berlin: The Monastery of the Good Shepherd , accessed on June 10, 2013.
  16. ↑ stained glass windows for the church of Saint-Come-et Damien, Clervaux , accessed on June 10, 2013.
  17. ^ Herbert Rohde: Corpus Vitrearum medii Aevi Germany IV / 1. The medieval stained glass of Cologne Cathedral. Deutscher Verlag für Kunstwissenschaften, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-87157-046-X , p. 22ff.
  18. ^ Herbert Rohde: Corpus Vitrearum medii Aevi Germany IV / 1. The medieval stained glass of Cologne Cathedral. Deutscher Verlag für Kunstwissenschaften, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-87157-046-X , pp. 105, 111.
  19. ^ Herbert Rohde: Corpus Vitrearum medii Aevi Germany IV / 1. The medieval stained glass of Cologne Cathedral. Deutscher Verlag für Kunstwissenschaften, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-87157-046-X , p. 82.
  20. ^ Herbert Rohde: Corpus Vitrearum medii Aevi Germany IV / 1. The medieval stained glass of Cologne Cathedral. Deutscher Verlag für Kunstwissenschaften, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-87157-046-X , p. 50.
  21. ^ Herbert Rohde: Corpus Vitrearum medii Aevi Germany IV / 1. The medieval stained glass of Cologne Cathedral. Deutscher Verlag für Kunstwissenschaften, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-87157-046-X , p. 58.
  22. ^ Herbert Rohde: Corpus Vitrearum medii Aevi Germany IV / 1. The medieval stained glass of Cologne Cathedral. Deutscher Verlag für Kunstwissenschaften, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-87157-046-X , p. 61.
  23. ^ Herbert Rohde: Corpus Vitrearum medii Aevi Germany IV / 1. The medieval stained glass of Cologne Cathedral. Deutscher Verlag für Kunstwissenschaften, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-87157-046-X , p. 85.
  24. ^ Herbert Rohde: Corpus Vitrearum medii Aevi Germany IV / 1. The medieval stained glass of Cologne Cathedral. Deutscher Verlag für Kunstwissenschaften, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-87157-046-X , pp. 77f.
  25. ^ Herbert Rohde: Corpus Vitrearum medii Aevi Germany IV / 1. The medieval stained glass of Cologne Cathedral. Deutscher Verlag für Kunstwissenschaften, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-87157-046-X , p. 76.
  26. ^ Herbert Rohde: Corpus Vitrearum medii Aevi Germany IV / 1. The medieval stained glass of Cologne Cathedral. Deutscher Verlag für Kunstwissenschaften, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-87157-046-X , p. 93.
  27. ^ Church window of St. Lucia , accessed on June 11, 2013.
  28. ^ Church window of St. Apollinaris and Agatha in Scheven , accessed on June 11, 2013.
  29. ↑ Kunst-Glasmalerei Schneiders & Schmolz GmbH Koeln-Lindenthal: List of a number of already executed glass paintings together with a few illustrations . Cologne 1902, p. 6; 37 .
  30. ^ Church window of St. Gertrud in Schwalmtal , accessed on June 9, 2013.
  31. ^ Church window of St. Hubertus in Büsbach , accessed on June 11, 2013.
  32. ^ Church window of St. Michael in Dortmund-Lanstrop , accessed on June 13, 2013.
  33. ^ Church window St. Gereon in Liedberg , accessed on June 11, 2013.
  34. ^ Church window from St. Lambertus, Immerath , accessed on June 11, 2013.
  35. ↑ Andreas Speen and Jürgen Laaser: Erkelenz: Immerather chapel shortly before the consecration. Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
  36. ↑ XVIII. Annual report of the Kunstgewerbemuseum der Stadt Cöln 1908, p. 24.
  37. ^ Gerhard Dietrich: Museum of Applied Arts Cologne - Chronicle 1888–1988 . City of Cologne (ed.), Cologne 1988, sheet 1893, sheet 1905.
  38. ^ Herbert Rohde: Corpus Vitrearum medii Aevi Germany IV / 1. The medieval stained glass of Cologne Cathedral. Deutscher Verlag für Kunstwissenschaften, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-87157-046-X , p. 93.

Web links

Commons : Glasmalerei Schneiders und Schmolz (Cologne)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files