St. Lambertus (Immerath)

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St. Lambertus (2017)
West facade, after removing the bells
Documentation building and demolition (4:21 min.)

St. Lambertus was a Roman Catholic parish church in the Immerath district of the city of Erkelenz in North Rhine-Westphalia . It was assigned to the diocese of Aachen . The patron saint of the neo-Romanesque sacred building completed in 1890 was St. Lambert of Liège . The Church's patronage day was September 18. The church has been a listed building since May 14, 1985, but was demolished on January 8, 2018 in favor of the Garzweiler open-cast lignite mine despite protests . It was the only church in the Heinsberg district with a double tower facade . The building was popularly known as the " Immerather Dom ".

location

The church was almost directly at the center of the village at the point where Rurstrasse (coming from the west from Holzweiler ) passed over Immerather Markt into Pescher Strasse (heading east to Pesch ).

The cemetery was about 450 meters away.

Building history

Previous construction

Probably the first church building was a single-nave Romanesque complex from the 12th century. In the 14th century it was extended to include two aisles . A little later, the choir and the south aisle, the Pescher Chörchen , were built, in which the pews of the residents of the Pesch house were housed.

Building the church

Tympanum

Due to the increase in the population in the 19th century, it was decided in 1886 to build a new church. The Cologne architect Erasmus Schüller (1861–1890) presented several designs for a new church building. Finally, a neo - Romanesque three - aisled, tufa-faced basilica of the Rhenish style, with a five-apse closure, transept and double tower facade, was realized, based on the design language of the 12th century . The construction plan was based primarily on the west facade of the Maria Himmelfahrt parish church in Andernach am Rhein, about 110 km away , the Mariendom.

The demolition of the old church began on April 17th, 1888 . The foundation stone of the new church was laid on September 2, 1888, largely financed by donations from the citizens. Erasmus Schüller died during the construction work. The architect Theodor Roß , also from Cologne, took over the construction management from 1890 . Consecrated the church was on July 9, 1891. During the Second World War was seriously the Church in February 1945 damaged. Extensive repairs and renovations were carried out in the post-war period .

The lavishly designed tufa faced sacred building made of brick masonry had a five-storey double tower facade with a large twelve-part rose window and Rhenish rhombus helmets . Above the double portal of the tower facade was tympanum the Second Coming of Jesus Christ to be seen. The blessing Christ with the book of life in his left hand was depicted as a pantocrator in a mandorla and was flanked by the Virgin Mary on his right hand and John the Baptist on his left in an adoring or pointing posture on banks of clouds. The group of three, based on medieval representations of the last judgment , was surrounded by the reliefs of the four apocalyptic beings . Below the representation of Christ rose a relief of the Archangel Michael , who defeated the Satan dragon with a lance .

The two- bay buttress - supported central nave was assigned four aisle bays in the sense of the bound system . The architectural structure of the interior could be read on the outside through the buttress structure. The side aisles were illuminated by keyhole fan windows, the upper aisles by triplet windows. A sweeping transept with large twelve-part rose windows and double apsidal choir flank chapels was attached to the nave. The choir room was single-bay and closed with a five-way windowed apse with dwarf gallery and indicated apse ambulatory. The interior was vaulted with ribbed and groin vaults . The axis of the apse was accentuated on the outside by a stone crucifix in a neo-Romanesque niche. The eaves beneath the slate-covered roofs were adorned with arched friezes.

The Dehio wrote in its 2005 edition:

"Due to the good state of preservation, a remarkable example of the connection between room design and furnishings."

- Dehio: North Rhine-Westphalia I - Rhineland; 2005 : p. 496

Profanation and demolition

The Garzweiler II open-cast lignite mine will relocate around 5000 people by 2045, including the village of Immerath. On 13 October 2013, the church in a solemn was worship deconsecrated and the Eternal Light deleted.

On June 21, 2017, the two tower crosses were recovered by industrial climbers . In December 2017, a stone crucifix worked into the apse was detached from the wall in individual parts and recovered. It will be attached to the apse of the St. Franziskus Church in Bonn. In an emergency operation by the “ Research Center for Glass Painting ” from Mönchengladbach, headed by Annette and Ernst Jansen-Winkeln jun., Part of the artistically designed glass windows could be saved in the last four days before the demolition.

On Sunday, January 7th, 2018, around 300 people said goodbye with a vigil and showed long banners to demonstrate against the demolition of the former church, which began the next day. Subsequently, some Greenpeace activists penetrated the profaned church and occupied it.

The demolition of the church began the following Monday after the occupiers had been escorted out of the building. On January 9, 2018, the two towers that had remained standing after the first day of demolition fell.

A receipt or translocation (transfer) of the Church such as the similar case of Heuersdorf Emmaus Church was not considered.

  • Partly enlarged rose window of the organ gallery

  • Demolition of the towers on January 9, 2018

  • 2018-01-09-Demolition St. Lambertus (Immerath) -6148.jpg
  • 2018-01-09-Demolition St. Lambertus (Immerath) -6295.jpg

The demolition of the church enabled excavations by the Rhineland Regional Council in 2018 and the uncovering of the foundations of a previous church.

Excavations at the former location of the St. Lambertus Church

Furnishing

  • The church had a high altar made of stone (Henkelshoven & Woringer manufactory, 1891), a northern Marien and a southern Josefs altar. On the triumphal beam was a four meter high crucifixion group made in 1892 .
  • The church's 2.18 m wooden cross dates from the early 15th century.
  • The 57 cm high monstrance from 1662 was made of gold-plated silver. It has a simple pinnacle structure on the side of the cylinder and a strut system above the dome. Weyerstrass and Roemer married arms engraved on the foot from a later period with the inscription: JOHANN ARNOLD WEYERSTRASS, PFALZNEUBURGISCHER VOGT DES AMTS KASTER, and JOHANNA ROEMER, EHELEUT, DD ANNO 1662; 4th JUNY.

organ

The organ with 17 registers and electric action from 1893 was built by the Müller brothers' organ building workshop from Reifferscheid and renovated and expanded in 1970 by the Karl Bach company from Aachen .

Former bells

In the church tower there were six bells from 1496, 1670 and 1955.

The bells were hung from the two towers on January 29th and 30th, 2014. The four bronze bells moved to Immerath (new) , while the two steel bells from the Bochum Association were sold.

No.
 		 Surname
 		 Diameter
(mm)		 Mass
(kg, approx.)		 Percussive
( HT - 1 / 16 )		 Caster
 		 Casting year
 		 inscription
1 Sebastianus 1,520 1,280 d ' −2 Bochum Association for Cast Steel Manufacture, Bochum 1955
2 Maria 1,270 770 f ' −2 Bochum Association for Cast Steel Manufacture, Bochum 1955
3 Jesus & Mary 1.010 620 g ' +5 Gregorius van Trier , Aachen 1512 JHESUS, MARY I ASK, IN THE ERE GOTZ LUIDEN I, DUEIFFELEN FROM THE BRIGHT VERDRIVEN I, ANNO DOMINI MCCCCCXII.
4th Lambertus 868 370 a ' −1 Gregorius van Trier, Aachen 1496 LAMBERTUS I ASK, I INVITE ERE GOTZ, GREGORIUS VAN TRIER GOUS ME ANNO DOMINI MCCCCXCVI.
5 John 770 280 c " +1 Wolfgang Hausen-Mabilon, Mabilon & Co., Saarburg 1981
6th Nicholas & Agatha 593 120 e " +6 Peter van Trier, Aachen 1670

Motif: Ad te levavi animam meam.

Bells 3, 4, 5 and 6 are in the new chapel in Immerath (new)

Church window

Jesus, the child friend. Glass painting by Schneiders & Schmolz , window in the sacristy (1891), today in the baptistery of St. Lambertus in Immerath (new)
Destroyed cliff window

The church originally had stained glass from the Cologne-Lindenthal art glass painting company Schneiders & Schmolz . In addition to windows with so-called carpet and ornament patterns, the manufactory also made some figure windows, which were mainly installed in the choir, in the aisles and in the sacristy . The upper facade adorned windows with colored carpet patterns.

After war damage that destroyed large parts of the church glazing, the windows had to be repaired and replaced between 1952 and 1981. Only six windows could be preserved from the original stained glass:

  • What you do to the least of my brothers, you did to me , window in the sacristy
  • Jesus the child friend , window in the sacristy
  • Annunciation to Mary , window in the side entrance
  • St. Anna with Maria , window in the side entrance
  • Engagement of Mary to Joseph of Nazareth , window in the side entrance
  • Death of St. Joseph , window in the side entrance

After the war it was decided to replace part of the stained glass with clear glass and later with modern church windows. In 1952 Ernst Jansen-Winkeln created the five large ornamental windows in the choir and the two glass paintings ( St. Nikolaus von Myra ; St. Agatha von Catania ) above the side altars. In 1972 the three rose windows in the transepts and above the organ loft were made to designs by Anton Wolff . In 1975 and 1976 ten clear glass windows in the upper storey, which had been provisionally installed after the end of the war, were replaced by colorful ornamental windows. Anton Wolff's most recent works in this church include the two round windows in the towers (1978) and the window An angel brings St. Barbara gives communion in the side aisle (1980/81). Of the total of 40 church windows, 29 stained glass windows were available at the time of the profanation. A few days before the demolition, these were partially salvaged by a private initiative.

The original leaded glass windows by Schneiders & Schmolz were (re) integrated in the new St. Lambertus church in Immerath . It is thanks to the private initiative of the Forschungsstelle Glasmalerei des 20. Jahrhundert eV that the five choir windows as well as St. Nikolaus von Myra by Ernst Jansen-Winkeln, the two tower windows, four upper cladding window groups and the side aisle window An Angel bring St. Barbara the communion of Anton Wolff a few days before the church was demolished and stored in the association's depot. Only parts of the rose window above the organ gallery and one transept, made in 1972, could be recovered. The other parts as well as eight stained glass windows - including six clusters of windows in the upper facade, a rose window from the transept and the window above the side altar of St. Agatha of Catania by Ernst Jansen-Winkeln - were destroyed when the church was demolished.

See also

literature

  • Susanne Conrad, Martin Hammer, Vera Henkelman and Carmen Seufert: The Marienleuchter in St. Lambertus, Erkelenz. In: Yearbook of the Rhenish Preservation of Monuments , Volume 45, 2015, pp. 129ff.
  • North Rhine-Westphalia I - Rhineland ( Dehio manual ): Edited by Claudia Euskirchen, Olaf Gisbertz, Ulrich Schäfer u. a. With an introduction by Udo Mainzer; Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2005, p.?.
  • Episcopal General Vicariate Aachen (Ed.): Handbook of the Diocese of Aachen. 3. Edition. B. Kühlen Verlag, Mönchengladbach 1994, ISBN 3-87448-172-7 , p.
  • Paul Clemen : The art monuments of the districts Erkelenz and Geilenkirchen. (= The Art Monuments of the Rhine Province , Volume 8, 2). Düsseldorf 1906, p.
Newspaper articles

Web links

Commons : St. Lambertus (Immerath)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Erkelenz Monument List No. 157 , entry: May 14, 1985
  2. ↑ Manfred Kriener: The Immerather Dom has to give way: The energy company RWE is tearing down a landmark because it stands in the way of an opencast mine. In: Die Tageszeitung , January 5, 2018, accessed on January 8, 2018.
    Immerather Dom: Demolition begins on January 8. RP Online , December 9, 2017, accessed January 8, 2018.
  3. ^ Demolition of the Immerather Cathedral is in progress . RP Online , January 8, 2017.
  4. ↑ Immerather Dom built according to the Andernach model: The Mariendom has lost its counterpart by Martina Koch Rhein-Zeitung of January 12, 2018
  5. ↑ "Immerather Dom" is de-dedicated. Church in the Diocese of Aachen, September 2, 2013, archived from the original on February 1, 2014 ; accessed on January 8, 2018 .
  6. ↑ Beate Behrendt-Weiss: Rescue at the last minute. Cross from Immenrath Cathedral finds a new home in Bonn . In: Church newspaper for the Archdiocese of Cologne , January 5, 2018, p. 56, online PDFhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.kizkoeln.de%2Fkiz%2F2018%2FKIZ_2018_01.pdf~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double sided 3D ~ LT% 3DOnline% 20PDF ~ PUR% 3D , 9.8 MB.
  7. ^ "Immerather Dom" is being torn down. In: kathisch.de. January 5, 2018, accessed January 10, 2018 .
  8. ↑ Petra Pluwatsch: Monument protection: Emergency service in the "Cathedral" of Immerath . In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger , January 6, 2018, accessed on January 8, 2018.
  9. ↑ Vigil for the demolition of Immerath Cathedral . Westdeutscher Rundfunk , January 7, 2018, accessed January 8, 2018.
  10. ↑ Activists occupy church before demolition . kathisch.de , January 8, 2018, accessed January 8, 2018.
  11. ↑ Immerath Church will be dismantled from Monday - RWE Power will set up a shelter for onlookers. New church building contains many old pieces of equipment ( Memento of the original from February 17, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on rwepower.de from January 4, 2018 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / news.rwepower.com
  12. ^ Christian Schwerdtfeger: Demolition begins today: Immerather Dom - a landmark is disappearing. RP Online , January 8, 2018, accessed January 8, 2018 .
  13. ^ Church on the move in: 20min.ch , October 24, 2007
  14. ↑ The art monuments of the Rhine Province; 8th Volume, 1904; P. 317
  15. ↑ Norbert Jachtmann: Bells in the Heinsberg region of. (pdf; 2.3 MB) Bell books in the Diocese of Aachen (glockenbuecherbaac.de), 2013, p. 53 , archived from the original on September 15, 2013 ; accessed on January 8, 2018 .
  16. ^ André Schäfer: St. Lambertus Church: The last tone of the bronze bells falls silent. Aachener Zeitung, January 31, 2014, accessed on December 16, 2017.
  17. ↑ Norbert Jachtmann: Bells in the Heinsberg region of. (pdf; 2.3 MB) Bell books in the Diocese of Aachen (glockenbuecherbaac.de), 2013, p. 55 , archived from the original on September 15, 2013 ; accessed on January 8, 2018 .
  18. ↑ Kunst-Glasmalerei Schneiders & Schmolz (eds.): List of a number of already executed glass paintings, together with some illustrations . Cologne 1902, p. 47 .
  19. ↑ Petra Pluwatsch: Monument protection: Emergency service in the "Cathedral" of Immerath . In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger, January 6, 2018, accessed on January 8, 2018.
  20. ↑ a b Erkelenz-Immerath, Former. cath. St. Lambertus Church. Research Center for Glass Painting of the 20th Century, accessed on January 10, 2018 .
  21. ↑ Erkelenz-Immerath, Catholic Church of St. Lambertus. on the website of the 20th Century Glass Painting Foundation Foundation

Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 4 ″  N , 6 ° 26 ′ 14 ″  E