Relocation (monument maintenance)

The translocation (also transferring ) is a process of building relocation . During the relocation, the building will be documented, dismantled and then rebuilt as true to the original as possible in another location. This happens above all in the preservation of monuments , when a significant monument stands in the way of a building project or is to be moved to a museum.

One also speaks of translocation when relocating other larger works that cannot be relocated as a whole, but must first be dismantled and then rebuilt. This is especially true of organs .

Problems

Relocation is a form of reconstruction elsewhere , in which part of the building as a whole is lost. A relocation is appropriate from a monument preservation point of view, for example to forestall the threat of total loss, which corresponds to the archaeological concept of emergency excavation . The technical disadvantages from the point of view of the restorer and historian include:

In the event of dismantling, relevant parts of the historical substance are destroyed, according to the original foundation . In half-timbered buildings , the fillings of the compartments and thus a large part of the house were lost. The technique of translocation in whole parts prevents this by transporting as large parts of the building fabric as possible as large parts and re-erecting them in an environment similar to the original location. This can even be separated at will - contrary to the structural design - in order to preserve original wood connections or stone settings.
A cultural monument loses its historical context as a result of the relocation: It loses the urban, settlement and socio-historical references in which it was created (structural context of the original location, archaeological relics in and around the building, reference to previous buildings) attested and in which it became historical evidence.
Traces of history and reconstruction are erased, in the past it was common practice to restore farmhouses to their (supposed) original state when they were moved to an open-air museum. Even if the original materials are reused, the traces of craftsmanship are lost. This devalues the building as a historical source .

The new location creates a relationship to the new environment. It alienates the original structural, topographical and landscape context and possibly also that of the new location: the impression is created that the building has always stood here. Relocating buildings into a completely foreign environment is particularly problematic (“museum” presentation, corresponds to the removal of a fresco or the setting up of an altar or gate in a museum).

On the other hand, in addition to the pure preservation of the original substance to the best possible extent, the high didactic value of the objects when re-erecting them, for example in building museums, is positive, since they are both accessible to a much larger audience and can be put into context with similar buildings, both analogue buildings other areas such as the reconstruction of ensemble structures from the remains of several buildings (courtyard and stables, or small settlement). Therefore, the relocation is one of the most important measures of monument preservation, to advertise their concerns and to convey specialist knowledge.

During the relocation, the original condition is therefore carefully documented, as is the production of non-original references, and the documentation is also presented at the new location.

Examples

Open air museums

The aim of a relocation can be an open-air museum . An inn building in Oberampfrach was moved to the Franconian Open Air Museum in Bad Windsheim .

Outside of open air museums

In 1844 a stave church translocated from Norway was rebuilt in the Silesian Brückenberg (today Karpacz Górny ) . The buyer of the church was Friedrich Wilhelm IV. Mediator for the relocation was the Norwegian painter Johan Christian Clausen Dahl, who lives in Dresden .

One of the first and most spectacular Translozierungen in the 19th century was the displacement of the original to the building complex of Kommende Ramersdorf belonging to George's Chapel at the old cemetery in Bonn

In 1868 the Teutsche Schule had to give way to the planned new high school building and was moved from the market square to Suhler Straße in Schleusingen .

The house at Marställer Platz 7 was demolished in 1902 due to the widening of the Tränkerpforte in Kassel and moved to the Harleshausen district; it was the only half-timbered house in the old town to survive the bombing of Kassel at a new location .

The Egyptian temples at Abu Simbel were relocated between 1964 and 1968 to prevent flooding from Lake Nasser .

The Ohm'sche House was moved from Langendorf to Dannenberg (Elbe) . The implementation is viewed critically because the farmhouse has been removed from its village context and is now in the immediate vicinity of the Dannenberg city center, where this type of house does not historically occur.

In the barn district of Steinhude , the remaining buildings were supplemented by barns from other locations that deviate from the local building tradition. This falsified the site at this point.

Klausbachhaus : From Laroslehen in Unterau in Berchtesgaden to Hintersee in Ramsau near Berchtesgaden . Today it serves as a national park information point.

The garden house in the north park in Bielefeld was relocated because it could no longer be preserved at the old location.

Numerous buildings and parts of buildings from the 18th and 19th centuries were relocated in Aachen , cf. the relevant list .

The St. Joseph Chapel, located in Mettlach today , was originally built in Wallerfangen in 1864 , demolished in 1878/1879 and rebuilt in its new location in 1882 with small changes.

The breakfast room of the former Hotel Esplanade (Berlin) was relocated and integrated into the Sony Center in 1996 .

Fragment of the facade of the Hotel Esplanade Berlin
Fragment of the Esplanade breakfast room

literature

Fred Kaspar: Buildings in motion. From the reuse of old house scaffolding, from moving and trading in used houses, from stolen spoils, copies and reused components (= monument preservation and research in Westphalia. 47). von Zabern, Mainz 2007, ISBN 978-3-8053-3856-1 .
State Office for Museum Care Baden-Württemberg and Working Group of Regional Rural Open-Air Museums in Baden-Württemberg (ed.): Right of way with blue light for museum houses. Experience with the technique of moving large parts from 25 years of practice. Stuttgart / Biberach 2005, ISBN 3-00-018056-7 .
Ludwig Fischer: A house is moving. Experience with the implementation of a monument. Lilienthal 2002, DNB 968016081 .
Information center for space and construction of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (ed.): Relocation of buildings. 2., ext. Edition. Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-8167-3073-6 (bibliography).

Individual evidence

^ Joachim Willeitner: Abu Simbel and the temples of Lake Nasser. Darmstadt, Mainz 2012, ISBN 978-3-8053-4457-9 .
↑ The uprooted and newly planted building. In: Berchtesgadener Anzeiger . June 19, 2004.
^ K. Marschall: The Chapel of St. Joseph in Mettlach. (PDF; 634 kB) 2011, accessed on October 4, 2016 .

Web links

Literature in the KVK on translocation
Pictures of some translocations
Short video of a translocation ( memento of October 20, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), real player format, 4.8 MB

[1] Joachim Willeitner: Abu Simbel and the temples of Lake Nasser. Darmstadt, Mainz 2012, ISBN 978-3-8053-4457-9 .

[2] The uprooted and newly planted building. In: Berchtesgadener Anzeiger . June 19, 2004.

[3] K. Marschall: The Chapel of St. Joseph in Mettlach. (PDF; 634 kB) 2011, accessed on October 4, 2016 .