Hintersee (Ramsau)

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Aerial photo ( orthophoto ) of the lake and town

Hintersee is next four Gnotschaften a community town of the town of Ramsau near Berchtesgaden .

location

The district is classified as a village by official statistics and takes its name from the Hintersee , on the west bank of which it extends over 1,600 meters in a south-westerly direction to the Gasthof Auzinger and on to the Klausbachhaus (national park information point) on Hirschbichlstrasse. The district is located in the Ramsau district on the border with the Hintersee forest , an area that used to be free of municipalities and has belonged to the Ramsau municipality since January 1, 1984. The district boundary runs along the west bank, while the Hintersee itself is already part of the Forst Hintersee district .

The Antonigraben flows through the district , one of the tributaries of the Hintersee, which rises below the Edelweißlahnerkopf and flows into the lake a few meters from the Antonikapelle . Other tributaries of the Hintersee that go through the village are the Toneckergraben and the Hinterseegraben .

history

Past today's Hintersee district, an important trade route led over the Hirschbichl into the Pinzgau , which probably also contributed to the first settlement of the " Urgnotschaft " Ramsau after the founding of the Berchtesgaden monastery .

Already in 1389 there was a Taferne on the former Hintersee estate , and the Wörndllehen was first mentioned in 1461.

As late as 1698, only the two properties Hintersee (Hofjagdstall building) and Wörndllehen are listed for the area of ​​what is now the Hintersee district, within the second Gnotschafter district of the then "Urgnotschaft" Ramsau. This second Gnotschafterbegebiet now corresponds to the Gnotschaft Antenbichl and Taubensee . Apart from these properties there was only the Antoni Chapel 500 meters further north in the area of ​​today's village . Only about 30 years later another property called Keinziel can be found on maps , which is entered on the current topographical map as Kainzierl but is generally known under the name Kainzierlhof . The Hofjagdstallgebäude Hintersee, which was previously located in the Hintersee forest district in Ausmark, was incorporated into the municipality of Ramsau in 1904.

Map from 1715 with the place Hintersee Map from 1830–1840 with the lake and gnotes of the place in the south
Map from 1715 with the place Hintersee
Map from 1830–1840 with the lake and gnotes of the place in the south

As one of the first Postbus routes, the Berchtesgaden – Hintersee connection was set up in 1907 from the forecourt of the Berchtesgaden train station , which also helped to promote local tourism .

Post bus to Hintersee (1907)

At the beginning of the 1940s, the Nazi motorway official and later armaments minister Fritz Todt acquired the customs house . This house on Hirschbichl Strasse was sold by his daughters in 1978.

After the Obersalzberg was bombed , some of the NS functionaries were relocated to the Hintersee district. Shortly before the end of the Second World War , the war diary of the High Command of the Wehrmacht (OKW) with all text and annex volumes was destroyed there on May 1, 1945 on the orders of General August Winter . At the behest of the head of the stenographic service at the Führer Headquarters, Kurt Peschel, and Martin Bormann's personal advisor, Hans Müller , the typed minutes of all situation meetings in the so-called Führer headquarters from September 1942 to April 1945 as well as the original stenograms were burned. Some of the shorthand notes were recovered on May 9th by the US military intelligence service CIC.

From 1929 to 1967 Hintersee had its own post office and its own zip code (8241). In 1967 the post office was closed for economic reasons.

Population development

In the census of 1961 176 inhabitants were found in 25 residential buildings in Hintersee and it was in 1964 part of the municipality Ramsau, southwest of Gnotschaft Antenbichl located. In the data of the census of May 25, 1987, Hintersee is listed as a village with only 95 inhabitants who lived in 22 buildings with living space in 37 apartments.

gastronomy

Lakeshore, from left Right : Pension
Kainzierlhof , CVJM guest house (under renovation) and Gasthaus Seeklause

As early as 1389, a "Hansi Hinterseer" for the Taferne am Hintersee as the first inn in the area was issued a "right of inheritance" from the Reich Prelature Berchtesgaden on the former Hintersee estate . That in the outflow of the Hinterseegraben later than Hint. See Wirth registered "old inn" was destroyed in 1809, 1862 and 1867 by avalanches. After that, this location was abandoned and the now listed Gasthof Auzinger , which thanks to Babette Auzinger also served as a hostel for many well-known landscape painters from the Munich and Vienna Schools from 1879 , was built about 200 m west of it and thus outside the danger zone.

Prince Regent Luitpold often stayed in the forester's lodge built in 1867 on the Hintersee after the hunt. After the establishment of the Bavarian Soviet Republic , King Ludwig III also looked there . Refuge before he released his officials and soldiers from the oath of loyalty in the " Anifer Declaration " in Salzburg's Anif .

The Seehotel Gamsbock was opened in 1883 and structurally altered and expanded several times in 1959/69 by the owner family Hörmann. In 2008 it was closed and later converted into condominiums.

After the former Wartstein inn burned down, a new building was built in 1907 and reopened under the name Hotel Post . In 1969 sold to the "Society for International Youth Movement eV", in 1981 it became the property of the general association of the YMCA in Kassel, which has been running it as the YMCA guest house ever since .

The Gasthof Wörndlhof has been owned by the Bartels family since 1937 and the Alpenhof was added in 1938 . One of the owners was Wolfgang Bartels (1940-2007), the bronze medalist in the downhill run of 1964 at the Olympic Winter Games in Innsbruck . The Wörndlhof arose from the 1461 already mentioned in a document Wörndllehen .

The family-owned Café Gelfart was built in 1958/59 and the Seeklause inn in 1974/75 .

Culture and sights

natural beauties

The Hintersee can also be reached on a path through the so-called magic forest . The magic forest is a geotope with landslide debris between the trees, which is said to have a romantic atmosphere reflected in its name.

The Berchtesgaden National Park , the only Alpine National Park in Germany, lies with the Wimbachklamm and the Wimbachtal to a large extent on the municipality of Ramsau. At the entrance to the Klausbach valley not far from the Hintersee, the historic Klausbachhaus , which has been moved there, serves as a national park information point and is the starting point for many hikes and excursions in the national park area.

Buildings

Profane building

Sacred building

  • Antoni Chapel with hipped roof , listed church building from the 17th century
Entry page altar
Entry page
altar

Landscape painting

In the 19th century, from the 1830s onwards, a well-known painters' colony had developed on the Hintersee , mainly made up of representatives of the Munich and Vienna Schools, including: Wilhelm Busch , Carl Rottmann , Ludwig Richter , Carl Schuch , Karl Hagemeister , Thomas Fearnley , Friedrich Gauermann , Ferdinand Waldmüller and Frederik Christian Kiærskou (1805–1891). Among them then u. a. Carl Rottmann also made the lake itself a motif. Many of them were served by the Auzinger inn and its predecessor, Hint. See Wirth as a meeting point and hostel.

Johann Wilhelm Schirmer Hintersee-bei-Berchtesgaden.jpg
Johann Wilhelm Schirmer : The Hintersee near Berchtesgaden (1838)
Albert Zimmermann Chapel on the Hintersee near Berchtesgaden.jpg
Albert Zimmermann : Antonikapelle am Hintersee near Berchtesgaden (1888)


Economy and Infrastructure

tourism

Hintersee is the starting point for many hikes and mountain tours to the Hochkalter and Reiter Alpe mountain ranges and into the Klausbachtal towards Hirschbichl . The place offers tourists accommodation in the Alpen Experience guest house - CVJM Aktivzentrum Hintersee as well as in some hotels and restaurants.

YMCA guest house

Trivia

In the summer of 2010, the Martinsklause of Ludwig Ganghofer under far-off National Park -Festspiele staged an open-air performance on Hintersee.

Individual evidence

  1. a b c Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 71 ( digitized version ).
  2. ^ Community of Ramsau - history online at ramsau.de
  3. a b c d e f g h i j k Hellmut Schöner : Berchtesgaden through the ages . Supplementary Volume I, 1982, p. 283
  4. Historical Atlas of Bavaria
  5. ^ Map from 1806
  6. Map from around 1830 to 1840
  7. ^ Official topographic map
  8. Kainzierlhof .
  9. Historical Atlas, page 35
  10. On Berchtesgaden – Hintersee see Friedrich Schelle: Walks through Berchtesgaden and the surrounding area 1860–1920 . Photos with captions. Plenk Verlag, Berchtesgaden 2nd edition 1977. Unpaginated, therefore no page number possible.
  11. Percy E. Schramm (Ed.): War diary of the High Command of the Wehrmacht, Augsburg 2005, licensed edition for Verlagsgruppe Weltbild GmbH, Volume 2, first half volume, p. 569, ISBN 3-8289-0525-0
  12. Detlef Peitz: Hanging on Hitler's lips . In: Frankfurter Rundschau , April 28, 2015; Ders., Hitler's Protocols . In: Berliner Zeitung , April 30/1. May 2015
  13. Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 53-54 ( digitized version ).
  14. a b c d e faz.net Weindl, Georg: A life between easel and tavern . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , May 7, 2003
  15. ^ Wilhelm Neu, Volker Liedke, Otto Braasch: Upper Bavaria: Ensembles, architectural monuments, archaeological site monuments , Volume 1 of Monuments in Bavaria, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 1986 ISBN 978-3-486-52392-8 , p. 141
  16. a b c d e f g auzinger.de On the history of the Gasthof Auzinger
  17. official festival homepage ( Memento from June 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive )

Web links

Commons : Hintersee  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 47 ° 36 '  N , 12 ° 51'  E