Gnotschaft

Gnotschaft has been a name for a district that has been used for centuries exclusively in the Berchtesgadener Land region within today's Berchtesgadener Land district . It goes back to the end of the 14th century in the heartland of the same area as the prince-provost of Berchtesgaden . After the municipal administrations took over their tasks, no Gnotschafter have been elected since the middle of the 20th century and the term Gnotschaft only stands for a district designation.

history

Closed forest district of the monastery monastery or "Land Berchtesgaden" of the prince provost of Berchtesgaden with today's borders of the communities Berchtesgaden , Bischofswiesen , Marktschellenberg , Ramsau bei Berchtesgaden and Schönau am Königssee as well as the two community-free areas or forests Schellenberger Forst in the north and Eck in the east. Water areas: (left) Hintersee , (right) Königssee u. Obersee

See also : the history section in the article Fürstpropstei Berchtesgaden

With the provost Ulrich Wulp's land letter, issued in 1377 , the Berchtesgaden monastery began - because of its high debts, of necessity - to leave their farms to the serf farmers as fiefs with limited property rights. The peasants then joined together in gnotships (presumably for: cooperatives ), which at the time, at least in terms of the term, already indicated somewhat “milder subjects”. Little by little, the Gnotships also sought to implement the principles of self-help, as shown in the neighborhood standing together at weddings and funerals, the common maintenance of customs and festivals, as well as at meetings of the type of "home garden visits". However, it can no longer be proven whether the Gnotships were based on free cooperative associations of the neighboring farms or in an “organizational act of sovereignty”.

Already in the first tax book of the Berchtesgadener Land from 1456 the eight “original notions” Au , Salzberg , Bischofswiesen , Ettenberg , Gern , Ramsau , Scheffau and Schönau as well as their subdivisions “Gnotschaftsbezirke” and the “Gnotschafter” (spelling according to Feulner also: Gnotschäfter ) listed. These eight Gnotships in the "Land Berchtesgaden" were grouped around the main places of the Berchtesgadener heartland, the central market Berchtesgaden and the market Schellenberg , and lasted until the secularization in 1803. The number of their “Gnotschafterbezirke” varied over the centuries and was last 32.

The Gnotschafter were usually re-elected every year by the peasants without the involvement of the sovereigns, in the Gnotschaft Gern according to a list from 1802 every two years. Her field of activity, which has so far hardly been scientifically investigated, was, among other things, participating in the discussion of road and bridge construction measures, stream regulations, the use of community forests, but also in drafting the tax roles for the regional court and in forwarding official government orders. From the 17th century onwards, they also had to support people in need as “poor carers”. Nonetheless, over the centuries, the "Gnomschafter", as their serfs, were first and foremost obliged to rule the monastery. Dieter Albrecht suspects that there was a connection between the landscape committee and the Gnotschafts and the formation of the Gnotships at least "promoted the cooperative awareness of the peasantry".

In 1803 the prince provostie Berchtesgaden was dissolved and the Berchtesgadener Land lost its political independence. After three changes of rule in quick succession, in 1810 its territory and its Gnotships were incorporated into the Kingdom of Bavaria .

Messages after 1817

In the parish registers from 1817 onwards the eight “original gnotships” are now listed as “parishes”, the former 32 “gnotschafterbezirke” - after splitting the two previous districts in Ramsau and redistribution of four Schellenberg districts - as their now 38 “gnotships”. In addition there is the market Berchtesgaden with its regional court as the main town and the “market court” Schellenberg market , which only kept the market core itself and its “citizen fiefs” outside as new gospels Götschen , Schaden , Schneefelden , Unterstein 1818 to the newly formed community Schellenberg Land resigned.

From "original messages" and Gnotschaft districts to churches and Gnotships

"Original notions" until 1803 municipalities from 1817	Ambassadorial districts until 1803	Gnotships from 1817
Au	1. Ambassadorial District	Unterau
	2. Ambassadorial District	Oberau
	3. Ambassadorial District	Leftovers
Bischofswiesen	1. Ambassadorial District	Loipl
	2. Ambassadorial District	Stanggass
	3. Ambassadorial District	Strub
	4. Ambassadorial District	Bischofswiesen
	5. Ambassadorial District	Angle
	6. Ambassadorial District	Engedey
Ettenberg	1. Ambassadorial District	Vorderettenberg
	2. Ambassadorial District	Hinterettenberg
	before Schellenberg Market	Schneeelden ( from 1818 in the new municipality of Schellenberg Land )
	before Schellenberg Market	Damage ( from 1818 in the new municipality of Schellenberg Land )
Gladly	1. Ambassadorial District	Foreground
	2. Ambassadorial District	Obergern
	3. Ambassadorial District	Hintergern
Ramsau	1. Ambassadorial District	Au
		Schwarzeck
	2. Ambassadorial District	Antenbichl
		Taubensee from 1824 including the hamlet of Ramsau
Salt mountain	1. Ambassadorial District	Anzenbach ( from 1817-1818 near Gern )
	2. Ambassadorial District	Metzenleiten ( from 1817-1818 near Gern )
	3. Ambassadorial District	Untersalzberg I
	4. Ambassadorial District	Untersalzberg II
	5. Ambassadorial District	Obersalzberg
	6. Ambassadorial District	Mitterbach
Scheffau	1. Ambassadorial District	Oberstein
	2. Ambassadorial District	Reboiling
	before Schellenberg Market	Götschen ( from 1818 in the new municipality of Schellenberg Land )
	before Schellenberg Market	Unterstein ( from 1818 in the new municipality of Schellenberg Land )
Schönau	1. Ambassadorial District	Königssee (from 1817 an independent municipality including 2 other Gnotships see below)
	2. Ambassadorial District	Oberschönau I
	3. Ambassadorial District	Hinterschönau
	4. Ambassadorial District	Königssee : Schwöb
	5. Ambassadorial District	Unterschönau II
	6. Ambassadorial District	Oberschönau II
	7. Ambassadorial District	Unterschönau I.
	8. Ambassadorial District	Königssee : Faselsberg

Gnotships as districts today

After the territorial reform in Bavaria from 1971 to 1980, the eight original notions or communities of the original " Berchtesgadener Land " have merged into the five communities of Berchtesgaden , Bischofswiesen , Marktschellenberg , Ramsau bei Berchtesgaden and Schönau am Königssee . The ambassadors performed their church services until the middle of the 20th century. The former "Gnotschafterbezirke" now only serve as a small-scale local part name for the five communities, but are still referred to by the locals as "Gnotschaft".

In the official register of places for Bavaria , 38 gnotships were last listed, which are distributed among the communities Berchtesgaden (12), Bischofswiesen (6), Marktschellenberg (8), Ramsau near Berchtesgaden (4) and Schönau am Königssee (8). Six districts of four of these communities, including the two historic main towns, are not referred to as Gnotschaft .

Berchtesgaden

The previously independent municipalities Au, Gern and Salzberg were incorporated into the municipality of Berchtesgaden as part of the regional reform in Bavaria from 1971 to 1980 .

Districts and communities of the market town of Berchtesgaden

Markings	Districts	Art	Remarks
Berchtesgaden market	Berchtesgaden market	main place	formerly the royal residence of the monastery in Berchtesgaden
Au	Unterau	Gnotschaft	Independent municipality until 1972
	Oberau	Gnotschaft
	Leftovers	Gnotschaft
Maria gladly	Hintergern	Gnotschaft	Independent municipality until 1972, until 1953 Place name: Gern
	Obergern	Gnotschaft
	Foreground	Gnotschaft
	At the Etzerschlößl	Newer settlement	named after the "pleasure palace" Etzerschlößl at the foot of the Gnotschaft Gern, built by Prince Provost Jakob Pütrich in 1574 and demolished in 1960
Salt mountain	Anzenbach	Gnotschaft	Independent municipality until 1972
	Metzenleiten	Gnotschaft
	Mitterbach	Gnotschaft
	Obersalzberg	Gnotschaft
	Untersalzberg I	Gnotschaft
	Untersalzberg II	Gnotschaft

Bischofswiesen

In the community of Bischofswiesen , all districts correspond to the former Gnotships of the "Original Gnotschaft" Bischofswiesen.

1. Bischofswiesen
2. Engedey
3. Loipl
4. Stanggass
5. Strub
6. Angle

Marktschellenberg

In 1911 the name was changed: Schellenberg Markt became Marktschellenberg ; from Schellenberg Country was Country Schellenberg . On March 1, 1911, Ettenberg was incorporated into the Landschellenberg community. On October 1, 1969, Marktschellenberg, Landschellenberg and Scheffau were merged to form the new municipality of Marktschellenberg .

Districts and communities of the community of Marktschellenberg

Markings	Districts	Art	Remarks
Marktschellenberg	Marktschellenberg	main place	the new community with "town houses" formerly the seat of the "Hallinger" of the prince provost of Berchtesgaden
Landschellenberg	Ettenberg ( Hinter- and Vorderettenberg )	Gnotschaft	Independent municipality until 1969
	Götschen	Gnotschaft
	damage	Gnotschaft
	Snow fields	Gnotschaft
	Understone	Gnotschaft
Scheffau	Flour way	to reboiling	Independent municipality until 1969
	Reboiling	Gnotschaft
	Oberstein	Gnotschaft
	Scheffau	former main town

Ramsau near Berchtesgaden

The districts of the community of Ramsau near Berchtesgaden correspond almost unchanged to the former Gnotships of the "Original Gnotschaft" Ramsau. Adjacent parts of the gnotships Au, Schwarzeck and Taubensee form a built-up interior area that is informally referred to as the village of Ramsau or the town center .

Districts / Gnotships of the community Ramsau near Berchtesgaden

Districts	Art	Remarks
Antenbichl	Gnotschaft
Au	Gnotschaft
Schwarzeck	Gnotschaft
Pigeon lake	Gnotschaft	This also includes the former hamlet of Ramsau
Hintersee	Village	at the lake of the same name

Schoenau upon Kings sea

The municipalities of Schönau and Königssee were merged in 1978 as part of the regional reform in Bavaria to form the municipality of Schönau am Königssee . (Population figures according to the census on May 25, 1987 in brackets).

Districts and communities of the community of Schönau am Königssee

Markings	Districts	Art	Remarks
Forst St. Bartholomä	unincorporated area	incorporated in 1984	uninhabited, alpine huts only inhabited in summer
	St. Bartholomae (25)	Wasteland	formerly princely possession, then from 1903 to 1978 exclave of the municipality of Königssee
Königssee Forest	unincorporated area	incorporated in 1984	uninhabited, alpine huts only inhabited in summer
Koenigssee	Koenigssee (675)	Gnotschaft	Independent municipality until 1978
	Faselsberg (790)	Gnotschaft
	Schwob (590)	Gnotschaft
Schönau	Hinterschoenau (82)	Gnotschaft	Independent municipality until 1978
	Oberschönau (1421)	Gnotschaft
	Unterschönau (1630)	Gnotschaft

Historical maps

• Matthäus Merian : Taffel des Stiffts Berchtersgaden (Fürstpropstei Berchtesgaden with noted Gnotshaden) , zoomable map: copper print 28 × 34 cm, map orientation South up (south above). Title description see coat of arms below right. Merian, Frankfurt a. M. (first time) 1644, in: Archiepiscopatus Salisburgensis series, fold 28, Topographia Bavariae, location: Bern UB storage magazine . Sector E4 | Signature: MUE Ryh 4706: 28, online at biblio.unibe.ch .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Joseph Ernst von Koch-Sternfeld : History of the Principality of Berchtesgaden and its salt works . Volume 2, from p. 28 f. in Google Book Search
2. ↑ gemeinde.bischofswiesen.de ( Memento of the original from May 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Festschrift for “850 YEARS Bischofswiesen 1155–2005”, PDF file p. 8 f. (Prospectus page 12 f.) And p. 24 (prospectus page 45) 
3. ↑ ^{a b} Dieter Albrecht : The prince provost of Berchtesgaden in Max Spindler, Andreas Kraus (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian history . Page 293
4. ↑ ^{a b c d} Joseph Ernst von Koch-Sternfeld: History of the Principality of Berchtesgaden and its salt works . Volume 2, from p. 145 f.
5. ↑ ^{a b c d} Manfred Feulner : Maria Gern - Gnotschaft and community on behalf of the Maria Gern brass band . Literature and sources: berchtesgadeninfo.de, Market Archive Berchtesgaden, Dept. Maria Gern.
6. ↑ Historical Atlas of Bavaria - Out-of-print volumes; Volume: Altbayern Series I, Issue 7: Fürstpropstei Berchtesgaden . P. 34 f., Geschichte.digitale-sammlungen.de
7. ↑ Minutes of the public meeting of September 20, 2011 of the Ramsau municipal council - on page 3 of the PDF file it says: “The building plot (..), Ramsau district, is located inside. In the land use plan of the municipality of Ramsau, the area is shown as a village area. "
8. ↑ ramsau.de ( Memento of the original from January 28, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Under "Numbers, data, facts" the indication of the altitude of the town center 
9. ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 71 ( digitized version ).