Dieter Albrecht

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Dieter Albrecht (1996)

Dieter Albrecht (born May 9, 1927 in Pasing ; † October 8, 1999 in Regensburg ) was a German historian . From 1967 to 1992 he taught modern and contemporary history at the University of Regensburg . The biography of Maximilian I of Bavaria is considered to be his main work.

Life

Dieter Albrecht was born as the third of five children to a teacher in Pasing near Munich. He lost his father in 1940, was drafted as a schoolboy during World War II and was briefly captured by the Americans. In 1946 he made up his Abitur and from the winter semester 1947/48 studied history and German at the University of Munich , among others with the modern historian Franz Schnabel , the medievalist Johannes Spörl and the literary scholar Hans Heinrich Borcherdt ; The most lasting impression on the young Albrecht, however, was made by the regional historian Max Spindler , where he received his doctorate in 1951 with the unpublished work The Court and Manorial Relationships in the Area of ​​the County of Andechs from the 13th to the 19th century .

In the year of his doctorate, Albrecht became an employee of the Commission for Bavarian State History at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , for which he edited several volumes of the Historical Atlas of Bavaria (the Starnberg and Weilheim regional courts , the Benediktbeuern and Ettal monastery courts , the Berchtesgaden priesthood and the county Werdenfels ). In addition, he worked for the Monumenta Germaniae Historica in 1952/53 , where he checked late medieval Bavarian chronicles to see whether they were worth publishing. In 1953 he received a research grant from the Bavarian Ministry of Culture , which enabled him to stay in Rome until the end of 1955. During this stay in 1954, Albrecht joined the Historical Commission for the series of letters and files on the history of the Thirty Years' War . In 1956, a grant from the German Research Foundation enabled him to study archives in Paris. All of this research flowed into his work on the foreign policy of Maximilian I of Bavaria , with which he completed his habilitation in 1958, was again supervised by Max Spindler and published in 1962 under the title The foreign policy of Maximilian of Bavaria 1618–1635 .

In 1963 Albrecht was appointed associate professor at the Philosophical-Theological University in Bamberg , and in 1964 he was appointed to a full professorship at the University of Mainz as the successor to Leo Just . As early as 1967 he accepted a professorship for modern history at the newly founded University of Regensburg , where he taught until his retirement in 1992. Teaching began in Regensburg in the winter semester of 1967/68 and Albrecht thus belonged to the university's founding generation. However, he was hostile to the efforts to reform higher education at the time: as recently as 1968 he was one of the signatories of the Marburg Manifesto , but he welcomed the Bavarian Higher Education Act of 1973, which rejected the group university . As spokesman for the department, vice dean and dean of the philosophical faculty, member of the department council, the senate and the budgetary committee, Albrecht was involved in the self-administration of the university; from 1977 to 1980 he was vice-president of the University of Regensburg. Albrecht's academic students include Hans-Michael Körner , Maximilian Lanzinner , Friedrich Hartmannsgruber , Franz J. Bauer and Bernhard Löffler .

Albrecht had been an extraordinary member of the historical commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences since 1962 and a full member since 1966 , and he was its secretary from 1987 to 1997. Since 1968 he has headed the Department of Letters and Files on the History of the Thirty Years' War , since 1991 also the Department of Protocols of the Bavarian Council of Ministers 1945–1954 , and also provisionally 1987–1989 the Department of German Reichtstagenakten, younger series . Albrecht was also a member of the Commission for Bavarian State History at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences (since 1980), the Association for Research into Modern History in Bonn and the Commission for Contemporary History .

Albrecht was the son-in-law of the architect and diplomat Dieter Sattler and brother-in-law of the Munich architect Christoph Sattler . He lived in Regensburg with his wife and four sons.

plant

Albrecht dedicated a considerable part of his work to the edition of historical sources. As early as the early 1960s, three areas of research can be identified to which he was to remain loyal throughout his life and in each of which he presented fundamental editions. The “masterful historical writer” ( Andreas Kraus ) resigned from this basic work; Various essays, the contributions to the handbook of Bavarian history and Albrecht's main work, the biography of Maximilian of Bavaria, bear witness to this. In addition to his main areas of work, the Regensburg professor also turned to the more recent urban history of Regensburg and in 1984 presented the pioneering study Regensburg in Transition , in which social and political-historical topics of the 19th century and the era of National Socialism are dealt with on the basis of extensive archive research and press evaluation .

Maximilian I of Bavaria

Since Albrecht's Roman years, the first focus has been the history of the Thirty Years' War, especially the person of Maximilian I. In the 1950s he published two small monographs on the foreign policy of Pope Gregory XV as the fruit of his archival studies in Rome and Paris . and Richelieus , alongside an essay on the financing of the war by the Curia . The publication of the habilitation thesis in 1962 then established his reputation, which Wolfgang Zorn described at the time as “probably (...) the most important German new publication on the history of the 17th century” alongside the works of Konrad Repgen and Fritz Dickmann . In 1964 Albrecht's volume of letters and files was published for the years 1629/30, the focus of which is on the Regensburg Electoral Congress. As shown, he took over the management of the Letters and Files Department on the History of the Thirty Years' War in 1968 and worked on another volume for 1631 until his death. Max Spindler transferred essential parts of early modern history to Albrecht as part of the Handbuch der Bayerischen Geschichte . And after his retirement, Albrecht summed up his lifelong efforts to become the first Bavarian elector in a large biography that was closely related to the sources and which he lived to see in 1998. Helmut Neuhaus saw "a new level in Maximilian research" reached: "Anyone who deals with the Bavarian Duke (...) at the beginning of the 21st century is entering 'Albrecht Land'". Eike Wolgast rated the work as a “benchmark biography”, based on “stupendous source knowledge”, presented “clearly and unpretentiously” in language. Heinz Duchhardt emphasized that a wealth of previously unknown documents of various origins were incorporated into this “sum of a learned life”. As an employee of the Neue Deutsche Biographie , Albrecht contributed articles about Maximilian I and various people from his circle.

Bavaria in the Empire

A second research focus of Albrecht was announced in 1964 with the publication of his article Döllinger , the Bavarian government and the first Vatican Council : Bavarian history in the era of the German Empire . Albrecht took over the corresponding article in the Handbuch der Bayerischen Geschichte , the first edition of which appeared in 1974. This text could be read as an alternative to the then new studies from the school of Karl Bosl , which endeavored to reassess the time of the Prince Regent using socio-historical methods and explained the revolution of 1918 as the inability to reform the political system. Albrecht, on the other hand, always insisted that the causes of the revolution were primarily to be found in developments during the war . This controversy promoted research and Albrecht, as an academic teacher, suggested several works that are now considered standard works on the epoch. In 1985 Albrecht published the text Kaiser Wilhelm II. As a personality and ruler , which the long-time Bavarian ambassador in Berlin Hugo von Lerchenfeld-Köfering had written as part of his memoirs published posthumously in 1935, but which he did not want to see published during Wilhelm's lifetime. Albrecht's research interests in this area focused on the Catholic-conservative forces: he edited Joseph Edmund Jörg's correspondence , worked with Bernhard Weber to identify the authors of the historical-political papers for Catholic Germany, and obtained the five-volume edition of the minutes of the central parliamentary group in the Bavarian parliamentary group Chamber of Deputies based on the stenographic transcripts of the parliamentarian Theobald von Fuchs . In the New German Biography Albrecht paid tribute to a few people from this little-remembered milieu: Conrad von Preysing , Georg von Orterer and Franz Seraph von Pichler ; but also about the Wittelsbacher Ludwig II. and Luitpold he delivered articles. On March 3, 1999, at the annual meeting of the Historical Commission and the Monumenta Germaniae Historica in Munich , Albrecht gave the lecture of King Ludwig II of Bavaria and Bismarck , in which he believed that he could prove that both Ludwig II's decision to issue the Kaiserbrief and his decision to ratify the November treaties are causally related to Bismarck's promised payments from the Welfenfonds .

Catholic Church and "Third Reich"

Albrecht was already offering lectures on contemporary history as a private lecturer in Munich, precisely at the time when a critical discussion about the role of the Catholic Church during the “ Third Reich ” was developing: the process for the Reich Concordat before the Federal Constitutional Court in 1956/57, the Publication of Rudolf Morsey's groundbreaking study on the end of the Center Party in 1960 and the controversy surrounding Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde's Hochland essay on German Catholicism in 1933 acted as catalysts . In this situation - and even before the premiere of Hochhuth's deputy in 1963 - the Commission for Contemporary History was founded in 1962 on the initiative of the young Catholic historians Dieter Albrecht, Konrad Repgen and Rudolf Morsey , initially based on the Catholic Academy in Bavaria , and since 1972 independently Seat in Bonn ; Albrecht worked here as managing director and longstanding deputy chairman. Above all, however, he worked on the exchange of notes between the Holy See and the German Reich government for the commission, the first volume of which in 1965 opened the series of publications of the commission for contemporary history ; In 1969 and 1980 Albrecht followed up with two more volumes in the series, in which sixty volumes had appeared by 2015, placing Catholic contemporary history research on a solid foundation. Albrecht himself has not submitted a monograph on this topic, but has emerged as the editor of an essay volume and a collection of important studies by the late Ludwig Volk .

Awards

Fonts

Editions

  • Letters and files on the history of the Thirty Years War . New episode: The Policy of Maximilian I of Bavaria and his allies 1618–1648. Published by the Historical Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Part II, Volume 5: July 1629 to December 1630. Oldenbourg, Munich et al. 1964.
  • Hugo Graf Lerchenfeld-Köfering: Kaiser Wilhelm II. As personality and ruler (= Regensburg historical research. Volume 11 ). Lassleben, Kallmünz / Opf. 1985.
  • Joseph Edmund Jörg: Correspondence 1846–1901 (= publications of the Commission for Contemporary History. Series A, Volume 41). Grünewald, Mainz 1988.
  • The minutes of the parliamentary group of the Bavarian Center Party 1893–1914 :
    • Volume 1: 1893–1899 (= series of publications on Bavarian regional history. Volume 91). CH Beck, Munich 1989;
    • Volume 2: 1899–1904 (= series of publications on Bavarian regional history. Volume 92). CH Beck, Munich 1989;
    • Volume 3: 1905–1907 (= series of publications on Bavarian regional history. Volume 93). CH Beck, Munich 1991;
    • Volume 4: 1907–1911 (= series of publications on Bavarian regional history. Volume 94). CH Beck, Munich 1992;
    • Volume 5: 1912–1914 (= series of publications on Bavarian regional history. Volume 102). CH Beck, Munich 1993.
  • The exchange of notes between the Holy See and the German Reich Government 1933–1945 :
    • Volume I: From the ratification of the Reich Concordat to the encyclical " With burning concern " (= publications of the Commission for Contemporary History. Series A, Volume 1). Grünewald, Mainz 1974;
    • Volume II: 1937–1945 (= publications of the Commission for Contemporary History. Series A, Volume 10). Grünewald, Mainz 1969;
    • Volume III: The exchange of notes and the demarches of the Nuncio Orsenigo 1933–1945 (= publications of the Commission for Contemporary History. Series A, Volume 29). Grünewald, Mainz 1980.

Monographs (selection)

Articles (selection)

  • To finance the Thirty Years War. The Subsidies of the Curia for Emperors and League 1618–1635. In: Journal for Bavarian State History 19 (1956), pp. 534-567 ( digitized version ).
  • Döllinger, the Bavarian government and the first Vatican Council. In: Konrad Repgen, Stephan Skalweit (Hrsg.): Mirror of history. Festival ceremony for Max Braubach. Aschendorff, Münster / Westphalia 1964, pp. 795–815.
  • The Regensburg Electoral Congress 1630 and the dismissal of Wallenstein. In: Dieter Albrecht (Hrsg.): Regensburg - City of the Reichstag (= series of publications of the University of Regensburg. Volume 3). Mittelbayerische Druckerei- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Regensburg 1980, pp. 51–71.
  • The war and peace goals of the German imperial estates , in: Konrad Repgen (Hrsg.): War and Politics 1618–1648. European problems and perspectives (= series of publications of the Historisches Kolleg / Colloquia, Volume 8). Oldenbourg, Munich 1988, pp. 241-273 ( online ).
  • The social structure of the Bavarian Chamber of Deputies 1869–1918. In: Karl-Dietrich Bracher et al. (Ed.): State and parties. Festschrift for Rudolf Morsey on his 65th birthday. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1992, pp. 427-452.
  • King Ludwig II of Bavaria and Bismarck. In: Historische Zeitschrift 270 (2000), pp. 39–64.

literature

  • Winfried Becker , Werner Chrobak (ed.): State, culture, politics. Contributions to the history of Bavaria and Catholicism. Festschrift for Dieter Albrecht's 65th birthday. Laßleben, Kallmünz / Opf. 1992, ISBN 3-7847-3109-0 .
  • Andreas Kraus : Dieter Albrecht (1927–1999). In: Journal for Bavarian State History 62 (1999), pp. 857–861 ( digitized version )
  • Konrad Repgen : In Memoriam Dieter Albrecht (1927–1999). In: Historisches Jahrbuch 121 (2001), pp. 581–592.
  • Wilhelm Volkert : Professor Dr. Dieter Albrecht (1927–1999). In: U-Mail. Regensburger Universitätszeitung 6/1999, p. 29.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ Wording of the Marburg Manifesto against the “Politicization of Universities” ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (with list of signatories). In: Sheets for German and International Politics , year 1968, issue 8.
  2. ↑ Prof. Dr. Dieter Albrecht new Vice President. In: Regensburger Universitätszeitung 4/1977, p. 3.
  3. ↑ Festschrift for Prof. Dr. Dieter Albrecht on the 65th In: Regensburger Universitätszeitung 5/1992, p. 13.
  4. ↑ Dieter Albrecht: The protocols of the Cabinet Hoegner I. In: Journal for Bavarian State History 60 (1997), pp. 1045-1049 ( digitized version ).
  5. ^ Andreas Kraus: Dieter Albrecht (1927–1999) , in: Journal for Bavarian State History 62 (1999), p. 857.
  6. ↑ Review by Alois Schmid to: Dieter Albrecht: Regensburg im Wandel. Studies on the history of the city in the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Journal for Bavarian State History 48 (1985), pp. 831-833 ( digitized version ).
  7. ^ Dieter Albrecht: The German policy of Pope Gregory XV. The influence of papal diplomacy on the politics of the Houses of Habsburg and Wittelsbach 1621–1623 , Beck, Munich 1956 and Richelieu, Gustav Adolf and the Reich , Oldenbourg, Munich 1959.
  8. ^ Dieter Albrecht: On the financing of the Thirty Years War. The Subsidies of the Curia for Emperors and League 1618–1635. In: Journal for Bavarian State History 19 (1956), pp. 534–567.
  9. ↑ Wolfgang Zorn: Review: Dieter Albrecht: The foreign policy of Maximilian of Bavaria 1618–1835 , in: Journal for Bavarian State History 25 (1962), pp. 809–811, citation p. 810 ( digitized version ).
  10. ↑ Konrad Repgen: In memoriam Dieter Albrecht (1927–1999) , in: Historisches Jahrbuch 121 (2001), pp. 581–592, here: 586.
  11. ^ Albrecht's contributions in Volume II of the Handbook of Bavarian History , edited in the 2nd edition by Andreas Kraus, CH Beck, Munich 1988: The Confessional Age. Second part: The dukes Wilhelm V and Maximilian I , pp. 393–457; State and society. Second part: 1500-1745 , pp. 625-663; The ecclesiastical and religious development. Second part: 1500-1745 , pp. 702-735; in Volume III, 3, published by Andreas Kraus in the 3rd edition in 1995, Albrecht presented the Hochstifte and Die Fürstpropstei Berchtesgaden , pp. 236–270 and pp. 286–301 within the framework of the Bavarian Reichskreis .
  12. ↑ Helmut Neuhaus: Maximilian I, Bavaria's great elector , in: Journal for Bavarian State History 65 (2002), pp. 5–23, quotations: pp. 5 f. ( Digitized version ).
  13. ↑ Eike Wolgast: A great political biography: Maximilian I of Bavaria 1573-1651. In: Historisches Jahrbuch 120 (2000), p. 323-330, citations p. 329 f.
  14. ↑ Review by Heinz Duchhardt to: Dieter Albrecht: Maximilian I. von Bayern 1573-1651, Munich 1998. In: Zeitschrift für Bavarian Landesgeschichte 62 (1999), 607-609, quotation p. 609 ( digitized version ).
  15. ^ Contributions by Albrecht in the New German Biography .
  16. ↑ Second edition: Dieter Albrecht: From the establishment of an empire to the end of the First World War (1871-1918) , in: Alois Schmid (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Bayerischen Geschichte Volume IV, 1, CH Beck, Munich 2003, 318-438 ( by Albrecht still completed).
  17. ↑ Above all: Karl Möckl: Die Prinzregentenzeit. Society and politics during the era of Prince Regent Luitpold in Bavaria , Oldenbourg, Munich / Vienna 1972 and Willy Albrecht: Landtag and government in Bavaria on the eve of the revolution of 1918. Studies on the social and state development of Germany from 1912–1918 , Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1968.
  18. ^ In particular: Hans-Michael Körner: State and Church in Bavaria 1886–1918 , Matthias-Grünewald-Verlag, Mainz 1977; Friedrich Hartmannsgruber: The Bavarian Patriot Party 1868–1887 , CH Beck, Munich 1986; Bernhard Löffler: The Bavarian Chamber of Reichsräte 1848 to 1918. Basics, composition, politics , CH Beck, Munich 1996.
  19. ↑ Review by Rüdiger vom Bruch on: Hugo Graf Lerchenfeld-Köfering: Kaiser Wilhelm II as personality and ruler , ed. by Dieter Albrecht. In: Journal for Bavarian State History 50 (1987), p. 667 ( digitized version ).
  20. ↑ Dieter Albrecht / Bernhard Weber (eds.): The staff of the Historisch-Politischen Blätter for Catholic Germany 1838–1923. A directory (= publications of the Commission for Contemporary History, Series B: Research. Volume 52). Matthias Grünewald Publishing House, Mainz 1990.
  21. ^ Dieter Albrecht: King Ludwig II of Bavaria and Bismarck. In: Historische Zeitschrift 270 (2000), pp. 39–64, here: pp. 55 and 58; different view: Rupert Hacker : King Ludwig II., the imperial letter and the "Bismarck'schen money" . In: Journal for Bavarian State History 65 (2002), pp. 911–990 ( digitized ).
  22. ↑ Konrad Repgen: In memoriam Dieter Albrecht (1927–1999) , in: Historisches Jahrbuch 121 (2001), pp. 581–592, here: p. 588.
  23. ^ Rudolf Morsey: Die deutsche Zentrumspartei , in: Erich Matthias / Rudolf Morsey (eds.): The end of the parties 1933. Representations and documents , Droste, Düsseldorf 1960 (unaltered reprint 1984), pp. 281–453.
  24. ↑ Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde: The German Catholicism in 1933. A critical consideration , in: Hochland 53 (1961), pp. 215-239.
  25. ↑ Konrad Repgen: In memoriam Dieter Albrecht (1927–1999) , in: Historisches Jahrbuch 121 (2001), pp. 581–592, here: 588 f.
  26. ↑ Dieter Albrecht (Ed.): Catholic Church in the Third Reich , Matthias Grünewald Verlag, Mainz 1976.
  27. ↑ Ludwig Volk: Catholic Church and National Socialism. Selected essays , ed. by Dieter Albrecht, Matthias Grünewald Verlag, Mainz 1987.
personal data
SURNAME Albrecht, Dieter
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German historian
DATE OF BIRTH May 9, 1927
PLACE OF BIRTH Pasing
DATE OF DEATH October 8, 1999
Place of death regensburg