Group college

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Group high school or group University refers to a form of organization of colleges and universities .

History and concept

In the 1960s, the figure of higher education law was introduced as a group university, in line with the higher education landscape of that time, which consisted mainly of universities . The counter-model to Ordinarienuniversität , where almost only the professors, the university led, was in the context of the '68 movement enshrined in the first higher education legislation. This model should make it possible for all groups to be involved in running the university and to contribute to the democratization of the universities.

With the so-called university ruling of the Federal Constitutional Court of 1973, the organizational form was fundamentally declared to be constitutional. In the course of this judgment, the necessity of a professors majority was introduced as a requirement for the admissibility of the organizational form . The freedom of science under Article 5, Paragraph 3, Clause 1 of the Basic Law requires an organization that adequately protects free scientific activity from non-scientific considerations. The initially required group-level occupation of the self-governing bodies, which gave each group equal voting weight , was declared unconstitutional as incompatible with the freedom of science of the Basic Law . The Thuringian Higher Education Act stipulates since 2018 that the self-government bodies are on parity with all status groups and is maintained concerning Professor majority only in decisions Ruler and research.

With the change in the university landscape through the introduction of the universities of applied sciences at the beginning of the 1970s, the term group university increasingly lost its relevance for the entire university law. Today, the term group university can be classified as a more appropriate term.

groups

The group university is a form of self-governing body in which the members, i.e. people who either work full-time at the university or are properly enrolled as students , are represented in three or four groups. They elect or send representatives to the self-governing bodies of the university. So-called members of the universities are not part of these bodies. In contrast to the members, they are only present as guests and temporarily, part-time or on a voluntary basis at universities.

  1. The group of university professors includes all full professors and junior professors . In addition, according to the case law of the Federal Constitutional Court, non-scheduled professors can also fall under this group, provided they are entrusted with the independent academic representation of their subject in research and teaching.
  2. The group of students includes all students who are properly enrolled at a university.
  3. The group of academic staff , sometimes also called academic mid- level staff , includes all scientific and artistic staff as well as teaching staff for special tasks .
  4. The group of other employees includes all other members of a university, including, for example, the employees of the secretariats or the gardeners .

Some university laws, such as the Thuringian Higher Education Act , provide for universities of applied sciences to merge the third and fourth groups due to the small size of the groups. In addition, the fourth group is not represented in all self-governing bodies because of the low level of concern.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lukas C. Gundling: Majority of Professors: A Sacrosanct Institute of Constitutional Law? , State and municipal administration 7/2016, p. 301f.
  2. ↑ BVerfGE , Volume 35, p. 79, 5th principle.
  3. ↑ BVerfGE, Volume 35, p. 79, here p. 79f.
  4. ↑ Lukas C. Gundling, Hannes Berger: On the Reform of Thuringian University Law , in: ThürVBl 11/2017, p. 259ff.
  5. ↑ Margarete Mühl-Jäckel: Thuringian higher education law is in motion again - on the government draft of a new higher education law for Thuringia , in: ThürVBl 4/2018, p. 74ff.
  6. ↑ Peter Michael Lynen : Typing of universities , in Hartmer / Detmer (ed.): Hochschulrecht. A manual for practice, 2nd edition, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8114-7724-7 , Rn. 43.
  7. ^ A b Hannes Berger, Lukas C. Gundling: University policy and university law. Hamburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-8300-8622-2 , p. 91.
  8. ↑ BVerfGE, Volume 95, p. 193, here p. 210.