Karl Bosl

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Karl Bosl (born November 11, 1908 in Cham , Upper Palatinate , † January 18, 1993 in Munich ) was a German historian .

After 1945 Bosl rose to become one of the most respected and influential German historians. His account of the Reichsministerialität , published in 1950, established his good reputation in medieval studies . In 1953, Bosl was appointed to the Chair of Middle and Modern History at the University of Würzburg . Since 1960 he has held the chair for Bavarian history and comparative national history at the University of Munich .

Shortly after the end of the war, Bosl claimed that he not only distanced himself from the National Socialist regime, but also actively resisted. According to a study by Peter Herde and Benjamin Kedar published in 2011, however, Bosl behaved extremely opportunistically and in conformity with the system, and falsely stylized himself as a resistance fighter.

Life

Karl Bosl came from a humble background and passed his Abitur at the humanistic grammar school in Metten Monastery in 1927 . Since the summer semester of 1927 Bosl has been studying history, German, classical languages ​​and Middle Latin philology with Paul Lehmann in Munich. As a student, he joined the Catholic student association Albertia in KV , of which he remained a committed member until his death. In addition to his membership in the KV, Bosl was also a member of the KBSt.V. Rhaetia Munich . After Dirk Walter, Bosl was right-wing conservative in the Weimar Republic . In the spring of 1931, he completed his studies with the state examination in classical philology, German and history. From the spring of 1932 he was initially active in the school service in various places.

Since 1930 Bosl was a member of the Stahlhelm . After the " seizure of power " by the National Socialists , Bosl was a member of the NSDAP from May 1933 , became a member of the NS teachers ' association in 1934 and a few weeks later also joined the SA . However, his membership in the SA ended in 1934 and he lacked commitment in the NSDAP. The Reich leadership of the NSDAP then deleted him as a member. From 1935 to 1938, Bosl worked in the “State Management of the Federation of the German East ”, which ran East Research under the direction of Theodor Oberländer . In May 1937, Bosl applied for re-entry into the party. The renewed membership was in connection with Bosl's impending appointment as a civil servant and was intended to further the academic career. In June 1938, Bosl also made up for the outstanding contributions. Bosl received his doctorate from Karl Alexander von Müller in Munich in 1938 with a thesis on Das Nordgaukloster Kastl (foundation, founder, economic and intellectual history) . In the same year he married a Protestant Christian.

In 1939, Bosl received a research assignment on the subject of "Lehns- und Holzrechte im Berchtesgadner Land" as part of the SS Ahnenerbeprojekt Wald und Baum in the Aryan-Germanic intellectual and cultural history ; for this project he received monthly support of 120 Reichsmarks. The thematically focused project was the largest humanities research project that went beyond “mere declarations of intent and preliminary planning”.

After completing his dissertation, Bosl focused on the Reich ministry . During the war Bosl wrote his Munich habilitation thesis "The Reichsministerialität der Salier und Staufer". The work was sponsored by Theodor Mayer , who had risen to become one of the most influential medievalists during the Nazi era. With this thematic focus, Bosl succeeded in catching up with leading medieval studies. However, he continued to work full-time as a teacher and since 1940 a teacher at the humanistic grammar school in Ansbach . In 1942, Bosl tried to include his habilitation thesis, which was about to be completed, for a publication in the “ Ahnenerbes ” series of publications . Bosl completed his habilitation in 1944 at the University of Munich; However, the war conditions prevented Bosl from receiving the status of private lecturer from the Reich Ministry of Science. Bosl was involved in the Bund Deutscher Osten , the Reichskolonialbund and the NS-Volkswohlfahrt . In Ansbach in December 1944, Bosl conjured the Reich as a political idea in front of the NS district leader and invited guests from the party, state, armed forces and business . In this patriotic speech he assigned the Reich a “geopolitical mission” as a “leading power” over Europe. As part of the war effort of the German humanities , Bosl regularly took part in conferences. As part of the “war mission” Bosl was able to publish his first essay in an anthology edited by Theodor Mayer . At a conference in January 1945 in Hitler's birthplace in Braunau, Bosl gave the lecture on land development in the Bavarian region . The specific content is unknown, as the text could not yet be found. In October 1945 he tried with his contribution "The essence of true Germanness (viewed from a historical perspective)" to make his turning away from National Socialism credible by invoking "the universalistic Middle Ages with its grandeur, generosity and humility".

In the arbitration chamber proceedings, Bosl was classified as a “fellow traveler”. He objected to this and submitted a series of affidavits that testified his distance from National Socialism and his participation in the resistance. After Herde and Kedar's research, Bosl became friends with the American Sergeant Frank D. Horvay. Horvay had prepared an opinion about him. Bosl was then classified as "exonerated". From 1947 Bosl was a private lecturer in Munich and involved in the reconstruction of the Bavarian high school system as a representative of the Ministry of Culture . On March 24, 1948, Bosl was classified as "exonerated" by the Ansbach-Stadt ruling chamber. In 1949 he was a co-founder of the Bavarian Philological Association and its first chairman until 1954, then its honorary chairman. In 1951 he had a teaching position at the University of Munich. In 1953 he was appointed professor to the chair for middle and modern history at the University of Würzburg . In 1954 he began teaching in Würzburg and was elected to the Commission for Bavarian State History in the same year . His focus was on the Bavarian national history. From 1960 until his retirement in 1977, he was Max Spindler's successor at the Institute for Bavarian History at the University of Munich and held the chair for Bavarian history and comparative national history, with a special focus on modern times.

As an academic teacher, Bosl was particularly active; at his chair he supervised 205 dissertations. Bosl's academic students include Richard Bauer , Wolfgang Benz , Werner K. Blessing , Peter Blickle , Günther Christ , Richard van Dülmen , Wolf D. Gruner , Ludwig Hammermayer , Peter Claus Hartmann , Alfred Haverkamp , Klaus-Dietmar Henke , Paul Hoser , Ludwig Hüttl , Rolf Kießling , Ulrich Linse , Karl Möckl , Friedrich Prinz , Wolfgang Quint , Hermann Rumschöttel , Regina Schulte , Ferdinand Seibt , Wilhelm Störmer , Manfred Treml and Otto Weiß . In addition, there are numerous high school teachers who wrote their approval thesis at Bosl and who still shape cultural life in Bavaria today.

In 1961 Bosl was elected a full member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . Bosl was one of the founding members of the Constance Working Group for Medieval History (1960). The peak of its recognition in science came in the 1970s. Bosl became a corresponding member of the Medieval Academy of America (1970) and the British Academy (1970). In 1973 he was elected a corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences . In 1977 he held the Carl Schurz Visiting Professorship at the University of Madison / Wisconsin and in 1978 the Rose Morgan Professorship at the State University of Kansas in Lawrence .

Bosl has received numerous honors and awards, including the Nordgau Culture Prize of the city of Amberg in the category “ Heimatpflege ” (1958), the Adalbert Stifter Medal of the Sudeten German Landsmannschaft (1968), the Bavarian Order of Merit (1970), the Great Federal Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (1974), the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Art and Science (1984), the Bavarian Constitutional Medal in Gold (1985), the Great Culture Prize of the Sudeten German Landsmannschaft (1970) and the Great Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic with a Star (1988). Bosl was made an honorary citizen of his hometown Cham in 1984. In 1989 he was awarded the Waldschmidt Prize .

plant

The focus of his research was primarily on studies of the social and economic history of the European Middle Ages. With over 50 monographs and well over 600 essays, handbook entries and reviews as well as around 40 editorships, Bosl achieved an unusually high number of publications. Judging by the large number of his publications, he is one of the most successful medievalists of his time. Bosl's immense publication activity also generated criticism. He was accused of putting quantity before quality. His work on non-German history has blatant weaknesses. His most important work was the Reichsministerialität der Salier und Staufer . The work was prosopographically oriented. Bosl determined, region by region, the "Reich ministerial supporters of the Hohenstaufen state concept". He wrote about Henry IV that he had set himself the task of “expanding the national basis of his rule and using new forces to support the territorial will and work of the high nobility and an emancipated imperial church in cool realpolitik and with the same means to plan a new royal state to oppose ". As recently as 1943, Bosl wrote, following the national socialist regional historian Adolf Helbok : "With this (with the ministerial policy) the German kingship [...] won the racial elite of the peasant, unfree strata of the people for the tasks of the state". In 1972, Bosl presented an account of the medieval history of society. Bosl became one of the most important sources of inspiration for society's history in the 1960s and 1970s. He helped a "socio-historical approach in medieval studies to a breakthrough."

Bosl was one of Bavaria's most popular historians during his lifetime. He not only published a lot, but sometimes advertised in an unorthodox environment, e.g. B. in beer tents or in inns, in lectures on the Bavarian history. As a regional historian, Bosl was considered particularly progressive. Since the 1960s, he opened the country's history to topics such as the revolution of 1918/19. The portrayal of Bavaria in transition was fundamental .

In his remarks on the “state” of the Middle Ages in the classic textbook of German history, the “ Gebhardt ”, Bosl took up the older historical images from the 19th and early 20th centuries in 1970. According to these, the empire of the Ottonians , Salians and Staufers was considered extremely powerful in Europe. The German princes with their particular interests and the papacy with its striving for primacy were regarded as the “gravedigger” of imperial power. Regarding the church, Bosl said: “Whoever ruled in Rome was master of the western world; there his ruling position was sanctioned. As protectors of the church and disseminators of the Christian faith, the emperors fulfilled a cultural missionary task which also gave their Ostpolitik an increased meaning. For two centuries the German state, as the most stabilized of its time, ensured peace and order in Central Europe and made the rise of medieval high culture possible in the first place. ”Under the“ cultural missionary task ”, which gave“ greater meaning ”to the imperial Ostpolitik, In the Weimar Republic, claims to the areas in the east that were lost by the Versailles Treaty were justified. During the Nazi era , this legitimized the policy of extermination in the East. Bosl wrote about the conflicts with the nobility in the 11th century: “Something like a Salian state reform program was emerging, which wanted to put the royal power on a new, more permanent basis and to free it from the all too close ties to the church and the nobility [...] The aim of all these measures [...] was to build a central royal state. This could only be made possible, however, if the noble opposition was held down, which relied on their own rooted power and their good rights, which were anchored in the feudal system. "

When Bosl died there were more than a hundred unpublished manuscripts in his estate. His daughter Erika Bosl published 80 texts in three volumes.

Reassessment of its role in the time of National Socialism

Until his death in 1993, Bosl claimed in numerous conversations that he was an active resistance fighter against the Nazi regime. In an interview conducted by Karl Nikolaus Renner of the project “Contemporary Witnesses to Bavarian History” on July 11, 1990, Bosl's involvement in the Nazi regime was not mentioned: his appointment as a private lecturer was by the English scholar Robert Spindler , the representative of the Nazi lecturers' association in the Munich Faculty of Philosophy being thwarted for "political reasons"; rather, he - Bosl - actively used propaganda against the Third Reich with the help of leaflets he wrote himself.

Bosl's NSDAP membership had been known to the professional world since 1998. In 2011, the two internationally renowned medievalists Peter Herde and Benjamin Kedar expressed the opinion in a scientific study that Bosl behaved to a high degree in conformity with the system during the Nazi era and falsely presented himself as a resistance fighter after 1945. Herde and Kedar based their thesis on the one hand on Bosl's membership in the NSDAP and several Nazi organizations as well as his collaboration in a forest history project of the Ahnenerbe research community. On the other hand, they rated Bosl's post-war statements that he had been part of an Ansbach resistance group as “reinvention” in order to avoid being released from high school by the Allies. For this, Bosl claimed that the resistance activity of Robert Limpert, a student sentenced to death and hanged, was his own.

As a result, some articles appeared in the daily press that characterized Bosl as an active National Socialist out of conviction. In November 2011, a study carried out by the local archivist on behalf of Bosl's hometown Cham, which had made him an honorary citizen in 1984, concluded that the allegations against Bosl and the doubts about his "resistance activities" were largely justified. The city then withdrew all decorations from Bosl (the honorary citizenship had already expired with Bosl's death) and reversed the 2008 naming of a square along Propsteistraße as "Prof.-Dr.-Karl-Bosl-Platz". The main board of the Bavarian Philologists' Association decided not to award the Karl Bosl Medal , which was awarded for the first time in 2009 .

However, some historians also pointed to inconsistencies in the historical facts and methodological weaknesses in the study of Herd and Kedar. Herde and Kedar, for example, covered up missing evidence and incomplete sources through assumptions and, when assessing Bosl's closeness to National Socialism, relied on a source-positive evaluation of Bosl's ego documents from the Nazi era, the wording of which inevitably corresponded to the National Socialist style. Exonerating contemporary sources, which show Bosl as a politically opportunistic academic, but also as an explicitly negligent NSDAP member with no particular political zeal, were not taken into account. The high reputation that Bosl enjoyed in Ansbach in the post-war period and in the vicinity of the executed Robert Limpert is also difficult to reconcile with the theory of Herd and Kedar. Dirk Walter also advocated viewing Karl Bosl in comparison with other historians of his generation such as Theodor Schieder and Werner Conze . Bosl has compromised himself far less than other historians.

Fonts (selection)

Monographs

  • The Nordgaukloster Kastl. Foundation, founder, economic and intellectual history (= negotiations of the Historical Association of Upper Palatinate and Regensburg. Volume 89). Publishing house of the Historical Association of Upper Palatinate and Regensburg, Regensburg 1939 (Philosophical dissertation, University of Munich, 1939).
  • The Reich Ministry of the Salians and Staufers. A contribution to the history of the high medieval German people, state and empire (= writings of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica . Volume 10). 2 parts. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1950/1951 (habilitation thesis, University of Munich, 1950).
  • with Hermann Schreibmüller : History of Bavaria. Textbook for Bavarian History. 2 volumes. Schnell & Steiner, Munich 1952–1955.
  • Franconia around 800. Structural analysis of a Franconian royal province (= series of publications on Bavarian national history. Volume 58). Beck, Munich 1959; 2nd, expanded edition. 1969 ibid.
  • Bavarian history. List, Munich 1971; 7th, revised edition. Ludwig, Pfaffenhofen 1990, ISBN 3-7787-2116-X .
  • Europe on the move. Dominion, society, culture from the 10th to the 14th century. Beck, Munich 1980, ISBN 3-406-07678-5 .
  • Social history of Italy in the Middle Ages (= monographs on the history of the Middle Ages. Volume 26). Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-7772-8206-5 .
  • The Bavarian city in the Middle Ages and modern times. Old Bavaria, Franconia, Swabia. Pustet, Regensburg 1988, ISBN 3-7917-1182-2 .
  • Society on the move. The world of the Middle Ages and its people. Pustet, Regensburg 1991, ISBN 3-7917-1281-0 .

Editorships

  • Bosl's Bavarian biography. 8000 personalities from 15 centuries. Pustet, Regensburg 1983, ISBN 3-7917-1162-8 ; Supplementary volume : Bosl's Bavarian biography. 1000 personalities from 15 centuries. Pustet, Regensburg 1988, ISBN 3-7917-1153-9 ( digitized from both volumes ).
  • The First Czechoslovak Republic as a multinational party state. Lectures at the meetings of the Collegium Carolinum in Bad Wiessee from 24. to 27. November 1977 and from 20.-23. April 1978 (= Bad Wiesseer Meetings of the Collegium Carolinum. ). Oldenbourg, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-486-49181-4 .
  • Handbook of the History of the Bohemian Lands. 4 volumes. Published on behalf of the Collegium Carolinum . Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1966–1974, ISBN 3-7772-6602-7 .

Collected lectures

  • Lectures on the history of Europe, Germany and Bavaria. Edited by Erika Bosl. ISBN 3-7772-9736-4 .
    • Volume 1: Europe from Christianization to John Paul II. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-7772-9737-2 .
    • Volume 2: Bavaria in the European field of forces. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-7772-0009-3 .
    • Volume 3: Lectures on Bavarian State History. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-7772-0225-8 .

Font directory

  • Manfred Treml ( editor ), Lorenz Maier , Erika Bosl (arrangement): Karl Bosl. A bibliography (= materials on Bavarian history and culture. Volume 3). House of Bavarian History, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-927233-43-9 (678 titles without anything posthumously published).

literature

Festschriften

  • Friedrich Prinz (Hrsg.): Bavarian history as tradition and model. Festschrift for Karl Bosl on his 65th birthday. Beck, Munich 1973.
  • Ferdinand Seibt (Ed.): History of society. Festschrift for Karl Bosl on his 80th birthday. 2 volumes. Edited on behalf of the Collegium Carolinum. Oldenbourg, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-486-55071-3 (Volume 1), ISBN 3-486-55081-0 (Volume 2).

Necrologist

  • Heinz Dopsch : Karl Bosl (1908–1993) [obituary]. In: Southeast German Archive. Volume 36/37, 1993-1994, pp. 180-183.
  • Friedrich Prinz : Karl Bosl (1908-1993). A Bavarian and European historian. In: Yearbooks for the History of Eastern Europe. Volume 41, 1993, pp. 318-319.
  • Ferdinand Seibt : Karl Bosl 11.11.1908–18.1.1993. In: Bohemia . Volume 34, 1993, pp. 1-6 (digitized version) .
  • Wilhelm Störmer : Karl Bosl (1908–1993). In: Journal for Bavarian State History. Volume 57, 1994, pp. 171-176 (online)
  • Eberhard Weis : Karl Bosl 11.11.1908–18.1.1993. In: Yearbook of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. 1993, pp. 246-253.

Representations

  • Ferdinand Kramer : The chair for Bavarian national history from 1917 to 1977. In: Wilhelm Volkert, Walter Ziegler (Hrsg.): In the service of Bavarian history. 70 years of the Commission for Bavarian State History. 50 years of the Institute for Bavarian History. 2nd updated edition. Beck, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-406-10692-7 , pp. 351-407.
  • Karl Bosl. In: Siegfried Koß, Wolfgang Löhr (Hrsg.): Biographisches Lexikon des KV. 6th part (= Revocatio historiae. Volume 7). SH-Verlag, Schernfeld 2000, ISBN 3-89498-097-4 , pp. 12-17.
  • Karl Bosl. In: Jürgen Petersohn (Ed.): The Constance Working Group for Medieval History. The members and their work. A bio-bibliographical documentation (= publications of the Konstanz working group for medieval history on the occasion of its fiftieth anniversary 1951–2001. Volume 2). Thorbecke, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-7995-6906-5 , pp. 55–79 (digitized version )
  • Anne Christine Nagel : In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-525-35583-1 , pp. 116, 136-144.
  • Werner K. Blessing : Karl Bosl in the eyes of a student. 100th birthday memories. In: Journal for Bavarian State History . Volume 72, Issue 3, 2009, pp. 893-916.
  • Ferdinand Kramer: Max Spindler (1894–1986) and Karl Bosl (1908–1993). In: Katharina Weigand (ed.): Munich historian between politics and science. 150 Years of the History Seminar of the Ludwig Maximilians University (= contributions to the history of the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich. Volume 5). Utz, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-8316-0969-7 , pp. 259-280.
  • Matthias Berg : Apprenticeship as a historian. Karl Bosl under National Socialism. In: Journal of History . Volume 59, Issue 1, 2011, pp. 45-63.
  • Peter Herde , Benjamin Z. Kedar: A Bavarian historian reinvents himself. Karl Bosl and the Third Reich. Hebrew University Magnes Press, Jerusalem 2011, ISBN 978-965-493-564-7 ( review ).
    • German translation and significantly expanded version: Benjamin Z. Kedar, Peter Herde: Karl Bosl in the “Third Reich”. De Gruyter Oldenbourg et al., Berlin et al. 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-041256-7 .
  • Manfred Treml : Was Karl Bosl a "Nazi Historian"? In: Bayernspiegel. 2012, H. 1/2, pp. 5-10 (online) .

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Dirk Walter: Karl Bosl. Approaching a personality. Performances - Misconduct. With a contribution by Willi Eisele. Munich 2013, p. 35.
  2. ^ Matthias Berg: Apprenticeship years of a historian. Karl Bosl under National Socialism. In: Journal of History. Volume 59, Issue 1, 2011, pp. 45–63, here: p. 48.
  3. ^ Ferdinand Kramer: Max Spindler (1894–1986) and Karl Bosl (1908–1993). In: Katharina Weigand (ed.): Munich historian between politics and science. 150 years of the historical seminar of the Ludwig Maximilians University. Munich 2010, pp. 259–280, here: p. 271.
  4. ^ Matthias Berg: Karl Alexander von Müller. Historian for National Socialism. Göttingen 2014, p. 238f.
  5. ^ Ferdinand Kramer: Max Spindler (1894–1986) and Karl Bosl (1908–1993). In: Katharina Weigand (ed.): Munich historian between politics and science. 150 years of the historical seminar of the Ludwig Maximilians University. Munich 2010, pp. 259–280, here: p. 272.
  6. ↑ Bernd-A. Rusinek : forest and tree in the Aryan-Germanic intellectual and cultural history. A research project of the 'Ahnenerbe' of the SS 1937–1945. In: Albrecht Lehmann , Klaus Schriewer (ed.): The forest - a German myth? Perspectives on a cultural topic. Berlin et al. 2000, pp. 267-363.
  7. ^ Anne Christine Nagel : In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, p. 137.
  8. ↑ Bernd-A. Rusinek: forest and tree in the Aryan-Germanic intellectual and cultural history. A research project of the 'Ahnenerbe' of the SS 1937–1945. In: Albrecht Lehmann, Klaus Schriewer (ed.): The forest - a German myth? Perspectives on a cultural topic. Berlin et al. 2000, pp. 267-363, here: p. 271; Matthias Berg: Karl Alexander von Müller. Historian for National Socialism. Göttingen 2014, p. 239.
  9. ↑ Michael Borgolte : Social history of the Middle Ages. A research balance sheet after German reunification. Munich 1996, p. 50.
  10. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, p. 138, note 141.
  11. ^ Matthias Berg: Apprenticeship years of a historian. Karl Bosl under National Socialism. In: Journal of History. 59/1 (2011), pp. 45–63, here: p. 54.
  12. ^ Benjamin Z. Kedar, Peter Herde: Karl Bosl in the "Third Reich". Berlin et al. 2016, pp. 24 and 108 (accessed via De Gruyter Online).
  13. ^ Matthias Berg: Apprenticeship years of a historian. Karl Bosl under National Socialism. In: Journal of History. 59/1 (2011), pp. 45–63, here: p. 54. Frank-Rutger Hausmann : “Deutsche Geisteswissenschaft” in the Second World War. The "Ritterbusch Action" (1940–1945). Dresden 1998, pp. 179f., 185f. 191f. 193f.
  14. ↑ Karl Bosl: The Reichsministerialität as an element of the medieval German state constitution in the age of the Salians and Staufers. In: Theodor Mayer (Hrsg.): Nobility and farmers in the German state of the Middle Ages. Leipzig 1943, pp. 74-108.
  15. ^ Benjamin Z. Kedar, Peter Herde: Karl Bosl in the "Third Reich". Berlin et al. 2016, p. 25 (accessed via De Gruyter Online).
  16. ↑ Karl Bosl: The essence of true Germanness (viewed historically). In: Monthly books for German teaching. University of Wisconsin 37 (1945) December, pp. 571-576.
  17. ^ Benjamin Z. Kedar, Peter Herde: Karl Bosl in the "Third Reich". Berlin et al. 2016, p. 138 (accessed via De Gruyter Online). See the review by Bernhard Unckel in: Hessisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte 66, 2018, pp. 253-254 ([( online ) online]).
  18. ^ Benjamin Z. Kedar, Peter Herde: Karl Bosl in the "Third Reich". Berlin et al. 2016, p. 48 ff.
  19. ^ Matthias Berg: Apprenticeship years of a historian. Karl Bosl under National Socialism. In: Journal of History. 59/1 (2011), pp. 45–63, here: pp. 59f.
  20. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, p. 139.
  21. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, p. 139.
  22. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, pp. 139-144. František Graus : Constitutional History of the Middle Ages. In: Historical magazine. Volume 243, 1986, pp. 529-589, especially pp. 563, 568. Benjamin Z. Kedar, Peter Herde: Karl Bosl in the “Third Reich”. Berlin et al. 2016, p. 7 (accessed via De Gruyter Online).
  23. ^ Karl Bosl: The Reichsministerialität the Salier and Staufer. A contribution to the history of the high medieval German people, state and empire Volume 1, Stuttgart 1950/1951, pp. 190ff .; Volume 2, p. 355 ff.
  24. ^ Karl Bosl: The Reichsministerialität the Salier and Staufer. A contribution to the history of the high medieval German people, state and empire Volume 1, Stuttgart 1950/1951, p. 3.
  25. ^ Karl Bosl: The Reichsministerialität as an element of the medieval state constitution in the age of the Salians and Staufers. In: Theodor Mayer (Hrsg.): Nobility and farmers in the German state of the Middle Ages. Leipzig 1943, pp. 74–108, here: p. 81. Cf. Michael Borgolte: Social history of the Middle Ages. A research balance sheet after German reunification. Munich 1996, p. 51.
  26. ^ Karl Bosl: The foundations of modern society in the Middle Ages. A German social history of the Middle Ages. Stuttgart 1972.
  27. ^ Hans-Werner Goetz: Modern Medieval Studies. Status and perspectives of medieval research. Darmstadt 1999, p. 230.
  28. ^ Karl Bosl (ed.): Bavaria in transition. The revolution of 1918, its conditions, its course and its consequences. Munich et al. 1969.
  29. ↑ On the historical picture of the Germans with the fixation on a strong imperial power: Gerd Althoff : The Middle Ages picture of the Germans before and after 1945. A sketch. In: Paul-Joachim Heinig (Ed.): Empire, regions and Europe in the Middle Ages and modern times. Festschrift for Peter Moraw . Berlin 2000, pp. 731-749. Gerd Althoff: The Germans and their medieval empire. In: Bernd Schneidmüller , Stefan Weinfurter (Eds.): Holy - Roman - German. Dresden 2006, pp. 119-132.
  30. ^ Karl Bosl: State, Society, Economy in the German Middle Ages. In: Gebhardt. Handbook of German History. 9th, revised edition. edited by Herbert Grundmann, Volume 1: Early and Middle Ages. Stuttgart 1970, pp. 693-835, here: p. 750.
  31. ↑ Gerd Althoff: The high medieval monarchy. Accents of an unfinished reassessment. In: Early Medieval Studies. Volume 45, 2011, pp. 77-98, here: p. 80.
  32. ^ Karl Bosl: State, Society, Economy in the German Middle Ages. In: Gebhardt. Handbook of German History. 9th, revised edition. edited by Herbert Grundmann , Volume 1: Early and Middle Ages. Stuttgart 1970, pp. 693–835, here: p. 750. Both quotations from Bosl from Gerd Althoff : The high medieval monarchy. Accents of an unfinished reassessment. In: Early Medieval Studies. Volume 45, 2011, pp. 77-98, here: p. 80.
  33. ↑ See on Spindler Maximilian Schreiber: Walther Wüst. Dean and Rector of the University of Munich 1935–1945. Munich 2008, p. 77 with note 16.
  34. ^ Karl Bosl as a contemporary witness to Bavarian history. In: Manfred Treml , Lorenz Maier (arrangement): Karl Bosl. A bibliography. Augsburg 1996, pp. 14-30, here: pp. 21 f. See: Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, p. 137, note 139.
  35. ↑ Ferdinand Kramer : The chair for Bavarian national history from 1917 to 1977. In: Wilhelm Volkert, Walter Ziegler (ed.): In the service of Bavarian history. 70 years of the Commission for Bavarian State History. 50 years of the Institute for Bavarian History. Munich 1998, pp. 351-407, here: p. 392.
  36. ↑ Peter Herde, Benjamin Z. Kedar: A Bavarian historian reinvents himself. Karl Bosl and the Third Reich. Jerusalem 2011, pp. 134–148, a first published interview by Bosl from August 26, 1986.
  37. ↑ Patrick Bahners: The legend of a humanist. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . July 6, 2011, No. 154, p. N3; Dirk Walter: The disenchanted Karl Bosl. In: Münchner Merkur . July 1, 2011; ders .: Heydrich and Bosl. In: Münchner Merkur. July 29, 2011.
  38. ↑ (Timo Bullemer): Allegations against Prof. Dr. Karl Bosl (PDF file; 128 kB) , full text publication of the 14-page study (with footnote references) on the website of the Cham City Archives (accessed on March 24, 2012).
  39. ^ Hans Kratzer: Cham overturns the Bosl monument . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . November 29, 2011 (accessed March 24, 2012); Christoph Giesen: First the eulogy, now the accounting. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. November 30, 2011, regional section Bavaria ( only the beginning of the article online ( memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive )) (accessed on March 24, 2012).
  40. ↑ Dirk Walter: Karl Bosl. Approaching a personality. Performances - Misconduct. With a contribution by Willi Eisele. Munich 2013, p. 80.
  41. ↑ summarized by Ernst Schütz: Die Causa Bosl. More questions than clarity. In: The high school in Bavaria. No. 10, 2012, pp. 34-37. Dirk Walter: Karl Bosl. Approaching a personality. Performances - Misconduct. With a contribution by Willi Eisele. Munich 2013.
  42. ^ Matthias Berg: Apprenticeship years of a historian. Karl Bosl under National Socialism. In: Journal of History. 59/1 (2011), pp. 45-63.
  43. ↑ Dirk Walter: Karl Bosl. Approaching a personality. Performances - Misconduct. With a contribution by Willi Eisele. Munich 2013, pp. 15–18, 36.
personal data
SURNAME Bosl, Karl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German historian
DATE OF BIRTH November 11, 1908
PLACE OF BIRTH Cham
DATE OF DEATH January 18, 1993
Place of death Munich