Herbert Grundmann

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Herbert Grundmann (born February 14, 1902 in Meerane , † March 20, 1970 in Munich ) was a German historian who primarily researched the history of the Middle Ages and especially the religious movements of this era. Grundmann taught as a professor for medieval history at the Universities of Königsberg and Münster . From 1959 to 1970 he was President of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica . In the 1950s he was the editor of the Archives for Cultural History and the 8th and 9th editions of the Gebhardt Handbook . Grundmann is considered to be one of the central figures in West German post-war media studies .

Life

youth

Herbert Grundmann's ancestors were small farmers and craftsmen in eastern Saxony. As a trained businessman, his father rose from being a yarn dealer to becoming a co-owner of a stocking factory. Herbert Grundmann is said to have been rather distant towards his father and to have got along better with his mother. With her he shared an interest in music, theater and literature. From the age of two, the non-denominational Grundmann grew up in Chemnitz . During his school days he was strongly influenced by Oswald Spengler's vision of a cultural decline in world history and the near future. Perhaps he also shared Spengler's anti-democratic and elite thinking. He attended the higher boys' school from 1908 and the municipal high school from 1912. In his youth he sought his own access to the gospel in the circle of friends and in the Christian Association of Young Men . According to his later academic student Arno Borst , this was the "deepest root for his life's work". In 1920 Grundmann passed the Abitur with distinction. His mother died that same year. As a result, he further broke away from his parents' home. After finishing school, Grundmann initially intended to become a journalist, but abandoned this idea in favor of university.

Education

His father wanted his only son to take over the business one day. In the summer semester of 1921, Grundmann reluctantly began studying economics at the University of Leipzig . In the first semester, however, his interest was in history with Walter Goetz , economic and social history with Alfred Doren , sociology with Hans Freyer , idealistic philosophy with Theodor Litt , then with Hans Driesch and Johannes Volkelt . In the summer of 1922 Grundmann went to Heidelberg for a semester and in the summer of 1923 to Munich for a semester . His focus shifted to literary studies, which had an impact on him in Heidelberg through Friedrich Gundolf , in Munich through Karl Vossler and Fritz Strich . In Heidelberg he was brought closer to the history of Hermann Oncken , Eberhard Gothein and Friedrich Baethgen and in Munich again by Oncken and Paul Joachimsen . A lecture by Joachimsen on the “Prehistory of the Reformation ” began to get him excited about the spiritual and religious movements of the Middle Ages and became the core theme of his later life's work.

In autumn 1923 he returned to Leipzig. Grundmann no longer wanted to take over his father's business; a few years later the company went bankrupt during the economic crisis. Rather, Grundmann's interest shifted to the late medieval intellectual world. Inspired by Walter Goetz and Johannes Kühn , he began to occupy himself with the religious ideals of the spiritualist pious of the 14th and 15th centuries. On March 8, 1926, he received his doctorate summa cum laude from Goetz in Leipzig with a theological history paper on the scholar Joachim von Fiore . He was to occupy himself with Joachim von Fiore for a lifetime. In his dissertation, he announced an edition of Fiore's three main works. However, he was unable to complete this edition until the end of his life. After completing his doctorate, Grundmann immersed himself thematically in orders and sects of the 13th century without, however, pursuing a concrete professional life plan with his work. His doctoral supervisor, Goetz, pushed him to do his habilitation . In 1926 he received a scholarship from the Institute for Cultural and University History at the University of Leipzig, founded by Karl Lamprecht . With this institute scholarship, Grundmann was able to undertake extensive trips to France and Italy. Studies of Joachimite story prophecies and Bible commentaries followed. In 1928, through the mediation of Erich Brandenburg , Grundmann received an editor position at the historical commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . This coveted position earned him economic independence. In Leipzig he worked on the files of the Augsburg Reichstag from 1530 and its prehistory. In 1937 he married Annelies Scherrmann, who also worked for the Historical Commission.

In 1931 Grundmann published a study on the history of the medieval beguines as a preparatory work for his main work on medieval religious movements . By evaluating the documents of the Archdiocese of Cologne as well as the dioceses of Münster, Osnabrück and Paderborn, Grundmann was able to prove that the Beginism in Lower Germany had expanded much more than was previously assumed by protecting and promoting papal legates before the middle of the 13th century. The work Religious Movements of the Middle Ages was accepted as a habilitation thesis in Leipzig in 1933 after nine years of research. The presentation, also supervised by Goetz, is still considered a standard work today. A whole series of other and complementary studies accompanied the habilitation thesis and dealt with German mysticism , Meister Eckhart or women in medieval literature. Grundmann also researched the political significance of the medieval concept of the empire for German history. He was interested in the question of why “German national boundaries” had formed in western Europe, but not in the east.

Research and teaching in National Socialism

In November 1933, Grundmann was one of the signatories of the professors' commitment to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist state at German universities . In a letter to Johannes Kühn in March 1936, he stated that he was a staunch supporter of the National Socialist “movement” and an admirer of Adolf Hitler . However, he did not become a member of the NSDAP . This made him a rare exception among the historians who remained in Germany, who were still private lecturers in 1933. Since October 1936 he was active in the National Socialist People's Welfare (NSV) according to an opinion by the Leipzig Lecturer Association. In the opinion of the Lecturer Association Leader, numerous broadcasts should also illustrate Grundmann's “positive ideological attitude”. The content of the broadcasts could not yet be determined.

National Socialism did not affect Grundmann's further academic career. From 1933 he was a lecturer at the University of Leipzig. A special friendship developed with Hermann Heimpel , who took over the chair from Siegmund Hellmann , who had been dismissed due to anti-Semitic regulations in 1934 . Both shared their interest in late medieval intellectual history and began an edition of the writings of the Cologne canon Alexander von Roes . Even his scathing criticism of Erich Seeberg's German master Eckhart interpretation in the historical journal did not affect Grundmann's further academic career. In addition to the edition, in the years before the outbreak of war he published treatises on the history and theology of Meister Eckhart, on medieval understanding of history and on women in the courtly milieu. In the 1930s and 1940s he was particularly concerned with the question of "the importance of the Reich as an idea and reality for the development of the German state and people". This should be the starting point for studies on "the political forms and requirements of German historical thought and popular consciousness". However, he did not bring the studies to a conclusion before publication. In 1935 Grundmann wrote the articles on Friedrich II and Meister Eckhart for the renowned biographical anthology The Great Germans .

After six years as a private lecturer, Grundmann received two appointments to Freiburg and Königsberg as an expert on late medieval intellectual history . In the summer semester of 1939, he succeeded Friedrich Baethgen as a full professor of medieval history in Königsberg. This made him one of the few historians who were appointed to a chair between 1933 and 1945 without being a party member. Baethgen had recommended Grundmann as his successor at the Königsberg faculty. At six years of age, his waiting time for a professorship was comparatively short, which at the time was ten years. Grundmann supervised two dissertations in Königsberg. He was accepted as a member of the Königsberg Scholar Society . In lectures that went unpublished, he dealt with Kant's relationship to history, German Ostpolitik in the Middle Ages, the Hanseatic League and the Teutonic Order . After the outbreak of war he published a study on the mercenary armies of the 12th century. He also wrote the chapter The High Middle Ages and the German Imperial Era in the second volume of the New Propylaea World History , a large-scale overview of human history. He underlined the diversity of characters and their changes in the 12th century. The further course of the war brought his research to a standstill. He was initially not drafted into military service because of his age and poor eyesight. In autumn 1941 he was with the air defense for a short time and was drafted into the infantry in autumn 1942, where he ended up at a staff writing school in Königsberg. In the summer of 1944 he was called up to be a driver. In February 1945 he suffered a serious injury to his left wrist.

During the war he went on numerous lecture tours. After the attack on the Soviet Union, the focus was on German “Ostpolitik” in the Middle Ages: Grundmann pleaded in lectures to soldiers and members of the SS for a völkisch view of the Middle Ages. In the east he appeared as a speaker in front of Wehrmacht units. He saw his Wehrmacht lecture tours as a service of the intellectual for the good outcome of the war. In 1943 Grundmann gave a lecture at the SS training center in Bad Tölz together with Ernst Anrich , Günther Franz and Fritz Rörig on the subject of the empire and empire of the Middle Ages . The lecture was published the next year in an anthology of the SS main office. Grundmann himself was satisfied that he had contributed “to the basis of ideological instruction ” with his contribution . In Grundmann's statements, Anne Christine Nagel identified a high level of identification with the historical image of the Nazi regime. In a letter from 1943 to the ancient historian Alfred Heuss , he described his impressions from a trip through occupied Białystok . Despite the crimes committed by the Nazi regime against Jews and Slavs, Grundmann continued to support the National Socialist war.

Grundmann was convinced of the superiority of the German people, especially over peoples from Eastern Europe. He compared the mediaeval imperial policy with the National Socialist policy of conquest. He denied the Slavs the ability to shape politics. In the Middle Ages, this has always given the German kings a “legal reason to intervene”. The current occupation of Poland was legitimate for him. He supported Hitler's Ostpolitik, because "only in the East does the German policy of the National Socialist Reich have goals and demands which should and had to be achieved under all circumstances, if necessary also in the armed struggle".

During the war, Grundmann became a full professor at the University of Münster in the summer of 1944, succeeding Gerd Tellenbach . The faculty deviated from the usual three-way suggestion, since only Grundmann could "compensate to some extent for the great loss that the faculty suffered from Mr. Tellenbach's departure".

After 1945: Professor in Münster and President of the "Monumenta Germaniae Historica"

In July 1945 Grundmann was released from British captivity and returned to Westphalia. As a non-party member he was classified as "unencumbered" and was able to continue his teaching activities in Münster. The lecture from Bad Tölz did not appear in his publications; it is in the Leipzig University Archives as "unprinted". In 1946, Grundmann issued a benevolent report to his friend Hermann Heimpel , who as a scholar had been compromised by the Nazi past. He did the same for Theodor Schieder, who was also compromised and who had been his colleague in Königsberg. In a private letter accompanying the official discharge certificate, Grundmann Schieder said that he "was always amazed and asked how you and people like you could actually go along with and cover all of this, swallowing up all concerns and not being able to hear from others." In 1947, he accused Schieder in a letter of "following the path of repression". In public, in contrast to his academic colleagues Gerd Tellenbach or Hermann Heimpel, who tried to deal with National Socialism in a journalistic way , Grundmann went back to business. Politically he was close to the SPD around 1950 . He regretted the development of the East-West conflict , with regard to the emergence of which “even the West could not have a clear conscience”. When the former NSDAP member Theodor Schieder was elected chairman of the German Association of Historians in 1967, Grundmann warned against this election.

The first published works took up ideas from the student days. Grundmann published the state of research on Pope Innocent III. , to Joachim von Fiore and the religious movements. The edition of the writings of Alexander von Roes continued. In 1949 Grundmann brought out a German translation of these writings in collaboration with Heimpel. Grundmann supervised 33 dissertations in Münster. Arno Borst and Kaspar Elm were his most important students in Münster. However, Grundmann could not form a group of students as a teacher; a “Grundmann school” in the sense of a group of students with a common research area did not develop.

In 1946 he was elected a full member of the Historical Commission for Westphalia , of which he was deputy chairman from 1946 to 1958. From 1962 he was a corresponding member of the commission. In 1947 Grundmann became a member of the Central Management of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH). After his election, he founded a new department there with the sources on the intellectual history of the Middle Ages and geared it to the intellectual life of the Middle Ages. Under his leadership the Apocalypse comment appeared the Friars Minor Alexander, the great theology of history work of Rupert of Deutz De victora verbi Dei , the Praecepta dictaminum of Adalbertus Samaritanus , the oldest medieval textbook of epistolary style art and the sermons of Amarcius . In autumn 1958 the office of President of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica had to be filled again. Grundmann prevailed against Theodor Schieffer as the successor to Friedrich Baethgen . The non-denominational landlord was only able to take up office after long negotiations. The Bavarian Ministry of Education had preferred a Catholic candidate. He held the office from May 1, 1959 until his death. Grundmann was also appointed honorary professor at the University of Munich . Together with Walter Goetz and Fritz Wagner, he was the editor of the Archive for Cultural History , which appeared again in 1951, and since 1956 he has also been the editor of the 8th and 9th editions of the Handbuch der deutschen Geschichte (“Gebhardt”). He himself wrote the extensive section "Electoral monarchy, territorial policy, Eastern movement in the 13th and 14th centuries".

In 1956 Grundmann became a member of the historical commission for East and West Prussian regional research . A year later, his Leipzig academy lecture On the Origin of the University in the Middle Ages appeared for the first time . According to Grundmann's thesis, the universities that emerged around 1200 were not rooted in a general urge for education or in the need for vocational training. Neither were state, church or socio-economic impulses decisive, but the reasons for their emergence lie in people who "spontaneously want to know or recognize for the sake of the truth, even at the risk of it being unpopular and leading to conflicts" connected to new communities. Further studies arose on unresolved questions about Joachim von Fiore, the spirituals and the reception of Joachim-Joachimitic ideas, as well as investigations into the problems of the Middle Ages. In 1961 his main work, Religious Movements in the Middle Ages, was reissued. In 1963 he published his history of heretics in the Middle Ages , and in 1965 Historiography in the Middle Ages . In 1968 Grundmann published a biography of Joachim von Fiore.

In the last years of his life, Grundmann received numerous honors. He was appointed member of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei in Rome, the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in Paris and the Société des Bollandistes in Brussels . He was also a member of the academies in Munich , Göttingen , Vienna and Leipzig . 1970 died Grundmann in Munich cancer . His estate was handed over to the Leipzig University Archives and is of great importance for the history of science in the period of upheaval in 1933 and 1945, because in correspondence with friends, colleagues and other professors it becomes clear what occupied Grundmann professionally and privately during this period.

plant

Herbert Grundmann's main research areas were religious movements, the imagination of various piety in the 14th and 15th centuries, Joachim von Fiore, and education and language. He achieved his scientific breakthrough with the depiction of religious movements in the Middle Ages . The long subtitle of the work (studies on the historical connections between heresy, the mendicant orders and the religious women's movement in the 12th and 13th centuries and on the historical basis of German mysticism) made the uncertain sources and research situation clear. At the beginning of the work he put forward the following thesis: "All religious movements of the Middle Ages found their expression in religious orders or in heretistic sects". The aim of the work was the "recognition of the decisions through which the religious movements shaped the order and way of life of the medieval church". The aim was to “investigate the continuous religious movement as its common family tree in the expectation of gaining new information about its religious activities and its historical significance”, namely the idea of ​​evangelical poverty and apostolic sermon. With the inclusion of the religious women's movement, Grundmann was way ahead of his time. According to Grundmann's core thesis, a lay religious poverty movement based on the example of early Christianity emerged in various European countries at the end of the 12th century. She was finally by Innocent III. integrated into the Catholic Church. According to Grundmann's research, the religious movement was a single current. The gospel was decisive for their emergence and for the decision to live a life of poverty and wandering. The religious movement is therefore a "religious reaction in the ranks of these leading strata themselves against social and economic development". Its members opposed "for the sake of religion the temptations and the encroachment of secular-profane culture and attitudes". This is especially true of the women who joined this trend. By leaving society, they wanted to express their protest.

effect

Scientific aftermath

Grundmann's account of religious movements in the Middle Ages provided a better understanding of heresies and religious orders, theology and mysticism . The book was educational. The effects of Grundmann's approach did not begin until the International Historians' Day in Rome in 1955. The presentation has been published four times to date and was published in 1995 in an English translation. His studies on the history of the empire and the imperial concept, universities and lay education as well as historiography were able to develop a similar effect.

In the following decades, Grundmann's research met with some criticism. His thesis on the development of the university was particularly criticized. His thesis of a “religious women's movement” was increasingly contradicted. Grundmann's core thesis on the assessment of Church policy Innocent III. ' however, it was not questioned.

In GDR Medieval Studies, Grundmann's research on “religious movements” was continued, particularly by the Leipzig historian Ernst Werner . In the history of religiosity by Arnold Angenendt (1997), unlike Grundmann, the focus is no longer on “religious movements”, but rather on religious experiences. These include the supernatural powers, the human communities (marriage, community), the liturgical elements (sin, repentance, grace) and dying, death and the afterlife.

Discussion about Grundmann's role in National Socialism

Arno Borst (1976) presented his academic teacher Grundmann as an opponent of National Socialism. German history began to deal with the entanglements of its own discipline in the “Third Reich” very late. This sparked heated debates at the Frankfurt Historians' Day in 1998 . The section “German Historians in National Socialism” attracted the greatest attention on September 10, 1998, which was headed by Otto Gerhard Oexle and Winfried Schulze . Previously, Ursula Wolf (1996) had counted Grundmann among the “politically moderately engaged historians” in her study. The Frankfurt debates prompted the Max Planck Institute for History to hold a series of conferences. A first conference on cultural studies and their links and interrelationships in the Nazi regime was held in March 2000. The anthology was published by Hartmut Lehmann and Otto Gerhard Oexle in 2004. In it, Anne Christine Nagel published a biographical study about Grundmann. Nagel dealt with certain affinities to National Socialism and his lecturing activities in Nazi training organizations.

Fonts (selection)

  • Selected essays (= writings of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Vol. 25). 3 volumes. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1976–1978, ISBN 3-7772-7613-8 ;
  • Historiography in the Middle Ages. Genera - Epochs - Character. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1965 (= Small Vandenhoeck series. Vol. 209/210, ZDB -ID 255845-2 ). (4th edition. (= Kleine Vandenhoeck series. Vol. 1209). Ibid. 1987, ISBN 3-525-33224-6 . Digitized (BSB Digi 20))
  • Religious Movements in the Middle Ages. Studies on the historical connections between heresy, the mendicant orders and the religious women's movement in the 12th and 13th centuries and on the historical basis of German mysticism (= historical studies. Vol. 267, ZDB -ID 514152-7 ). Ebering, Berlin 1935 (at the same time: Leipzig, University, habilitation paper, 1933), (special edition. Reprographic reprint, 4th, unchanged edition. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1977).

literature

Necrologist

  • Heinrich Appelt : Herbert Grundmann. In: Almanac of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Vol. 120 (1970), ISSN  0078-3447 , pp. 391-394.
  • Friedrich Baethgen: Herbert Grundmann February 14, 1902 - March 20, 1970. In: Yearbook of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. 1970, ISSN  0084-6090 , pp. 214-223 ( online ).
  • Arno Borst : Herbert Grundmann (1902–1970). In: German Archive for Research into the Middle Ages . Vol. 26: 327-353 (1970) ( online ).
  • Hermann Heimpel : Herbert Grundmann †. In: Historical magazine . 211: 781-786 (1970).
  • Hermann Heimpel: Herbert Grundmann. In: Yearbook Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig (1969/70), Berlin 1972, pp. 377-380.
  • Hermann Heimpel: Herbert Grundmann's speech at the memorial service on March 25, 1970 in the crematorium of the Ostfriedhof in Munich. In: Hermann Heimpel: Aspects. Old and new texts. Edited by Sabine Krüger. Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 1995, ISBN 3-89244-095-6 , pp. 224-227.
  • Fritz Wagner: Herbert Grundmann February 14, 1902 - March 20, 1970. In: Archives for cultural history . Vol. 52 (1970), ISSN  0003-9233 , pp. 1-3.

Representations

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ Kaspar Elm: Grundmann, Herbert. In: German Biographical Encyclopedia. Vol. 4, p. 220. gives 20 February 1902 as the date of birth.
  2. ↑ Anne Christine Nagel : "With the heart, the will and the mind": Herbert Grundmann and National Socialism. In: Hartmut Lehmann , Otto Gerhard Oexle (Hrsg.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies . Vol. 1: Subjects, milieus, careers. Göttingen 2004, pp. 593–618, here: p. 598.
  3. ^ Arno Borst: Herbert Grundmann (1902–1970). In: German Archives for Research into the Middle Ages 26 (1970), pp. 327–353, here: p. 328.
  4. ^ Arno Borst: Herbert Grundmann (1902–1970). In: German Archives for Research into the Middle Ages 26 (1970), pp. 327–353, here: p. 329.
  5. ↑ Herbert Grundmann: Studies on Joachim von Floris (= contributions to the cultural history of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance , Bd. 32, ZDB -ID 526676-2 ). Teubner, Leipzig et al. 1927 (at the same time: Leipzig, university, phil. Diss., 1926).
  6. ↑ Herbert Grundmann: On the history of the Beguines in the XIII. Century. In: Archiv für Kulturgeschichte 16 (1931), pp. 292-320, included in: MGH-Schriftenreihe 25.1, Munich 1976, pp. 201-221.
  7. ^ Robert Büchner: Religiosity, Spiritualism, Intellectual Poverty. Herbert Grundmann's intellectual history studies. In: Innsbrucker Historische Studien 1 (1978), pp. 239-251, here: p. 241.
  8. ↑ Martina Wehrli-Johns: Requirements and perspectives of medieval lay piety since Innocent III. In: Mitteilungen des Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung 104 (1996), pp. 286–309.
  9. ↑ Herbert Grundmann: The historical foundations of German mysticism. In: Deutsche Vierteljahrschrift 12 (1934), pp. 400-429, included in MGH-Schriftenreihe 25.1 Munich 1976, pp. 243-268.
  10. ↑ Herbert Grundmann: Women and literature in the Middle Ages. In: Archiv für Kulturgeschichte 26 (1936), pp. 129–161, included in MGH-Schriftenreihe 25,3, Munich 1978, pp. 67–95.
  11. ↑ Anne Christine Nagel: "With the heart, the will and the mind": Herbert Grundmann and National Socialism. In: Hartmut Lehmann, Otto Gerhard Oexle (ed.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies, Vol. 1: Subjects, Milieus, Careers. Göttingen 2004, pp. 593–618, here: p. 600.
  12. ^ Johannes Piepenbrink: The Seminar for Medieval History of the Historical Institute 1933–1945. In: Ulrich von Hehl (Ed.): Saxony's State University in Monarchy, Republic and Dictatorship. Contributions to the history of the University of Leipzig from the German Empire to the dissolution of the State of Saxony in 1952. Leipzig 2005, pp. 363–383, here: p. 373.
  13. ↑ Anne Christine Nagel: "With the heart, the will and the mind": Herbert Grundmann and National Socialism. In: Hartmut Lehmann, Otto Gerhard Oexle (ed.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies , Vol. 1: Subjects, Milieus, Careers. Göttingen 2004, pp. 593–618, here: p. 601.
  14. ^ Christoph Nonn: Theodor Schieder. A bourgeois historian in the 20th century. Düsseldorf 2013, p. 80f.
  15. ↑ Anne Christine Nagel: "With the heart, the will and the mind": Herbert Grundmann and National Socialism. In: Hartmut Lehmann, Otto Gerhard Oexle (ed.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies , Vol. 1: Subjects, Milieus, Careers. Göttingen 2004, pp. 593–618, here: p. 603.
  16. ↑ Anne Christine Nagel: "With the heart, the will and the mind": Herbert Grundmann and National Socialism. In: Hartmut Lehmann, Otto Gerhard Oexle (ed.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies , Vol. 1: Subjects, Milieus, Careers. Göttingen 2004, pp. 593–618, here: p. 603, note 29.
  17. ↑ Grundmann's review in the historical journal 152 (1935), pp. 572-580.
  18. ↑ Quotes from Friedrich Baethgen: Herbert Grundmann February 14, 1902 - March 20, 1970. In: Yearbook of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences 1970, pp. 214–223, here: p. 219 ( online ).
  19. ↑ Herbert Grundmann: Kaiser Friedrich II. In: The great Germans. Berlin 1935, pp. 124-142; Ders .: Master Eckhart. In: The great Germans. Berlin 1935, pp. 230–245, included in writings of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Munich 1976, Vol. 25/1, pp. 278–294.
  20. ^ Christoph Nonn: Theodor Schieder. A bourgeois historian in the 20th century. Düsseldorf 2013, p. 135.
  21. ↑ Anne Christine Nagel: "With the heart, the will and the mind": Herbert Grundmann and National Socialism. In: Hartmut Lehmann, Otto Gerhard Oexle (ed.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies , Vol. 1: Subjects, Milieus, Careers. Göttingen 2004, pp. 593–618, here: p. 602.
  22. ^ Arno Borst: Herbert Grundmann (1902–1970). In: Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters 26 (1970), pp. 327–353, here: p. 365 (list of the dissertations accepted by Grundmann).
  23. ^ Herbert Grundmann: Rotten and Brabanzonen. Mercenary armies in the 12th century. In: German Archives for Research into the Middle Ages 5 (1942), pp. 419–492.
  24. ↑ Herbert Grundmann: The High Middle Ages and the German Imperial Era. In: The New Propylaea World History. Vol. 2: The rise of Germanism and the world of the Middle Ages , Berlin 1940, pp. 173-350.
  25. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, p. 28.
  26. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, p. 214f.
  27. ↑ Herbert Grundmann: Empire and Empire of the Middle Ages. In: Reichsführer SS (Hrsg.): Germanic community. Lectures held at the SS Junker School Tölz. Posen, pp. 73-93.
  28. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, p. 79.
  29. ↑ Anne Christine Nagel: "With the heart, the will and the mind": Herbert Grundmann and National Socialism. In: Hartmut Lehmann, Otto Gerhard Oexle (ed.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies , Vol. 1: Subjects, Milieus, Careers. Göttingen 2004, pp. 593–618, here: p. 613. This: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, p. 80 f.
  30. ^ Letter from Herbert Grundmann to Alfred Heuss, March 23, 1943. Cf. Anne Christine Nagel: "With the heart, the will and the mind": Herbert Grundmann and National Socialism. In: Hartmut Lehmann, Otto Gerhard Oexle (ed.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies, Vol. 1: Subjects, Milieus, Careers. Göttingen 2004, pp. 593–618, here: p. 614.
  31. ↑ Quoted from Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, p. 215.
  32. ↑ Katja Fausser: History in National Socialism. A contribution to the history of the historical institutes of the University of Münster 1933–1945. Münster 2000, p. 71 f.
  33. ↑ Anne Christine Nagel: "With the heart, the will and the mind": Herbert Grundmann and National Socialism. In: Hartmut Lehmann, Otto Gerhard Oexle (ed.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies , Vol. 1: Subjects, Milieus, Careers. Göttingen 2004, pp. 593–618, here: p. 595. This: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, p. 75 ff. Quoted from the typescript stored as “unprinted” in the Leipzig University Archives.
  34. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, pp. 95-97.
  35. ^ Grundmann to Schieder June 8, 1946 and Schieder to Grundmann August 15, 1947. Cf. Christoph Nonn: Theodor Schieder. A bourgeois historian in the 20th century. Düsseldorf 2013, p. 104 f. and 182.
  36. ^ Christoph Nonn: Theodor Schieder. A bourgeois historian in the 20th century. Düsseldorf 2013, pp. 150 and 158.
  37. ↑ To Theodor Schieder March 28, 1954. Cf. Christoph Nonn: Theodor Schieder. A bourgeois historian in the 20th century. Düsseldorf 2013, p. 166.
  38. ^ Christoph Nonn: Theodor Schieder. A bourgeois historian in the 20th century. Düsseldorf 2013, p. 166.
  39. ^ Herbert Grundmann: New research on Joachim von Fiore. Marburg 1950.
  40. ^ Herbert Grundmann: New contributions to the history of religious movements in the Middle Ages. In: Archiv für Kulturgeschichte 37 (1955), pp. 129-182, included in MGH-Schriftenreihe 25.1, Munich 1976, pp. 38-92.
  41. ^ The writings of Alexander von Roes. Edited and translated by Herbert Grundmann and Hermann Heimpel. Weimar 1949.
  42. ^ Arno Borst: Herbert Grundmann (1902–1970). In: Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters 26 (1970), pp. 327–353, here: pp. 365 ff. (List of the dissertations accepted by Grundmann).
  43. ^ Friedrich Baethgen: Herbert Grundmann February 14, 1902 - March 20, 1970. In: Yearbook of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences 1970, pp. 214–223, here: pp. 219 f. ( online )
  44. ↑ See in detail about the succession of Baethgen Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, pp. 216-226.
  45. ↑ Peter Herde : The disputes over the election of Herbert Grundmann as President of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica (1957-1959). In: Journal for Bavarian State History 77 (2014), pp. 69–135.
  46. ^ Herbert Grundmann: Elective King, Territorial Policy and Eastern Movement in the 13th and 14th Centuries (1198-1378). In: Handbuch der deutschen Geschichte , founded by Bruno Gebhardt, ed. by Herbert Grundmann, Vol. 1: Early and Middle Ages. 8th edition, Stuttgart 1954, pp. 341-504.
  47. ↑ Herbert Grundmann: From the origin of the university in the Middle Ages. Berlin 1957; Robert Büchner: Religiosity, Spiritualism, Intellectual Poverty. Herbert Grundmann's intellectual history studies. In: Innsbrucker Historische Studien 1 (1978), pp. 239–251, here: p. 250.
  48. ↑ Herbert Grundmann: The Middle Ages Problem. In: Yearbook of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen. 1967, pp. 40-54.
  49. ^ Herbert Grundmann: Heretic history of the Middle Ages. Goettingen 1963.
  50. ↑ Herbert Grundmann: Historiography in the Middle Ages. Genres, epochs, peculiarities. Goettingen 1965.
  51. ^ Heinrich Appelt: Almanach of the Austrian Academy of Sciences 120 (1970), pp. 391–394, here: p. 394.
  52. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, p. 21.
  53. ↑ Herbert Grundmann: Religious Movements in the Middle Ages. Studies on the historical connections between heresy, the mendicant orders and the religious women's movement in the 12th and 13th centuries and on the historical foundations of German mysticism. 4th edition, Darmstadt 1977, p. 5.
  54. ↑ Herbert Grundmann: Religious Movements in the Middle Ages. Studies on the historical connections between heresy, the mendicant orders and the religious women's movement in the 12th and 13th centuries and on the historical foundations of German mysticism. Berlin 1935, p. 9.
  55. ↑ Otto Gerhard Oexle: 'State' - 'Culture' - 'People'. German medieval historians in search of historical reality 1918–1945. In: Peter Moraw , Rudolf Schieffer (Ed.): The German-speaking Medieval Studies in the 20th Century. Ostfildern 2005, pp. 63–101, here: p. 86.
  56. ↑ On Grundmann's core thesis, cf. Religious Movements , chap. II., P. 70 ff. Cf. Martina Wehrli-Johns: Requirements and perspectives of medieval lay piety since Innocent III. An examination of Herbert Grundmann's “Religious Movements”. In: Mitteilungen des Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung 104 (1996), pp. 286–309, here: p. 287.
  57. ↑ The most important results of Grundmann's research summarized like theses in: Joachim Schmiedl: Religiöse Bewegungs im Mittelalter. Herbert Grundmann's reception in the Marxist Medieval Studies of the GDR. In: Zeitschrift für Geschichtswwissenschaft 47 (1999), pp. 293–307, here: p. 295.
  58. ↑ Herbert Grundmann: Religious Movements in the Middle Ages. Studies on the historical connections between heresy, the mendicant orders and the religious women's movement in the 12th and 13th centuries and on the historical foundations of German mysticism. 4th edition, Darmstadt 1977, p. 168.
  59. ↑ Herbert Grundmann: Religious Movements in the Middle Ages. Studies on the historical connections between heresy, the mendicant orders and the religious women's movement in the 12th and 13th centuries and on the historical foundations of German mysticism. 4th edition, Darmstadt 1977, p. 169.
  60. ↑ Herbert Grundmann: Religious Movements in the Middle Ages. Studies on the historical connections between heresy, the mendicant orders and the religious women's movement in the 12th and 13th centuries and on the historical foundations of German mysticism. 4th edition, Darmstadt 1977, p. 317 f.
  61. ^ Herbert Grundmann: Religious Movements in the Middle Ages. The Historical Links between Heresy, the Mendicant Orders, and the Women's Religious Movement in the Twelfth and Thirteen Century, with the Historical Foundations of German Mysticism. Translated by Steven Rowan with an introduction by Robert E. Learner. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame IN 1995.
  62. ^ Kaspar Elm : Grundmann, Herbert. In: German Biographical Encyclopedia. Vol. 4, p. 220.
  63. ↑ Beroald Thomassen: Albertus Magnus and the spiritual foundations of the medieval university. In: Albert Zimmermann (Ed.): The Cologne University in the Middle Ages , Berlin 1989, pp. 36–48.
  64. ↑ Herbert Grundmann: Religious Movements in the Middle Ages. Studies on the historical connections between heresy, the mendicant orders and the religious women's movement in the 12th and 13th centuries and on the historical foundations of German mysticism. 4th edition, Darmstadt 1977, pp. 170-198.
  65. ↑ Klaus-Bernward Springer: Albertus Magnus and the "religious women's movement". In: Walter Senner with the collaboration of Henryk Anzulewicz and Klaus-Bernward Springer (eds.): Albertus Magnus. In memory after 800 years. New approaches, aspects and perspectives. Berlin 2001, pp. 647-662, here: p. 647.
  66. ↑ Joachim Schmiedl: Religious Movements in the Middle Ages. Herbert Grundmann's reception in the Marxist Medieval Studies of the GDR. In: Zeitschrift für Geschichtswwissenschaft 47 (1999), pp. 293-307.
  67. ^ Arnold Angenendt: History of Religiosity. Darmstadt 1997.
  68. ^ Hans-Werner Goetz : Modern Medieval Studies. Status and perspectives of medieval research. Darmstadt 1999, p. 285.
  69. ^ Arno Borst: Herbert Grundmann (1902–1970). In: Herbert Grundmann: Selected essays. Stuttgart 1976, pp. 1-25.
  70. ↑ The lectures and discussion contributions of the section on historians in National Socialism in: Winfried Schulze, Otto Gerhard Oexle (Ed.): German Historians in National Socialism. Frankfurt am Main 1999.
  71. ↑ Ursula Wolf: Litteris et patriae. The Janus face of history. Stuttgart 1996, p. 93.
  72. ↑ Anne Christine Nagel: "With the heart, the will and the mind": Herbert Grundmann and National Socialism. In: Hartmut Lehmann, Otto Gerhard Oexle (ed.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies , Vol. 1: Subjects, Milieus, Careers. Göttingen 2004, pp. 593-618.
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on September 25, 2012 .
personal data
SURNAME Grundmann, Herbert
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German historian
DATE OF BIRTH February 14, 1902 or February 20, 1902
PLACE OF BIRTH Meerane
DATE OF DEATH March 20, 1970
Place of death Munich