Friedrich Gundolf

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Friedrich Gundolf on a photograph by Jacob Hilsdorf
Friedrich Gundolf's grave in the Heidelberg mountain cemetery in the forest department (Dept. WA)

Friedrich Gundolf , actually Friedrich Leopold Gundelfinger (born June 20, 1880 in Darmstadt , † July 12, 1931 in Heidelberg ), was a German poet and literary scholar . At the latest his Goethe (1916) made him known across disciplines; he was probably the most widely read German philologist in the Weimar Republic .

Life

The son of the Jewish mathematician Sigmund Gundelfinger (professor at the Technical University of Darmstadt ) studied German and art history as a pupil of Erich Schmidt and Gustav Roethe at the universities of Munich, Berlin and Heidelberg, received his doctorate in 1903 and habilitated in 1911 with a work on Shakespeare and the German spirit . From 1916 he worked as - initially extraordinary - professor of German studies at the University of Heidelberg , in 1920 he was given a full professorship there.

Since 1899 Gundolf belonged to the circle around Stefan George to after there by translated into German sonnets Shakespeare had introduced. As a result, he became George's closest friend. He published further literary works in the Blätter für die Kunst edited by Stefan George . From 1910 to 1912, together with Friedrich Wolters, he published the yearbook for the spiritual movement , which propagated the cultural-political thoughts and worldview of the George Circle.

Since Gundolf's health was endangered in 1916 by serving as Landsturmmann heavy service as Schipper behind the French front, succeeded his friend Reinhold Lepsius , Walter Rathenau to win to appoint him to the war press office to Berlin.

The love affair between Friedrich Gundolf and the economist Elisabeth Salomon (called "Elli", 1893-1958) led to a crisis in his relationship with Stefan George from the late 1910s onwards. In 1923 there was a separation that was extremely painful for both of them and left deep wounds, especially on Gundolf. In 1926 he married Elisabeth Salomon.

Title page of the Goethe biography by Friedrich Gundolf in the 1920 edition

In his many literary works, Gundolf represented a new, intellectual history-oriented observation of literature, in which the focus is on the life-philosophy of the poet. He saw the great artists such as Shakespeare , Goethe - whom he particularly admired - or Heinrich von Kleist as symbolic figures of their epoch. The aim of his scientific research was the representation of the artist and the effect of his work. He has particularly distinguished himself as a translator and interpreter of Shakespeare.

During the Weimar Republic , Gundolf was one of the most prominent scholars in Germany; his books were published unusually frequently. In 1930 he was the first to receive the Lessing Prize of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg .

Among his listeners were Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg and in 1920 Joseph Goebbels , who also wanted to do his doctorate with him. At this time Goebbels did not appear as an anti-Semite ; Goebbels' doctoral project failed for other reasons.

In 1927 Friedrich Gundolf fell ill with cancer , which he succumbed to in 1931. Friedrich Gundolf was laid to rest in the forest section A of the Heidelberg mountain cemetery. A low granite cuboid of a narrow basic shape, in which his name and his life dates are carved, adorns his tomb.

His daughter Cordelia Gundolf emigrated to Australia with her mother and became one of the leading professors of the Italian language and influential literary scholar.

Honors

Gundolf Prize

The German Academy for Language and Literature in 1964 founded the Friedrich Gundolf Prize , which annually as a prize for German studies abroad will be awarded for the promotion of German culture abroad.

Works (selection)

A more detailed bibliography of the works of Friedrich Gundolf can be found on Wikisource .

Scientific

  • Caesar in German literature. 1st ed. 1904. Palaestra. Vol. 33. Verlag Mayer & Müller, Berlin 1904, VI, 130 pp.
  • Shakespeare and the German spirit. 1st edition 1911. Verlag Bondi, Berlin 1911, VIII, 360 p., 2nd, revised edition 1914. 3rd, rev. 1918. 4th, rev. 1920. 5th, rev 1921. 6th, rev. 1922. 7th, rev. 1923. 8th, rev. 1927.
  • Goethe. 1st edition 1916. Verlag Bondi, Berlin 1916, VIII, 796 pp., 2nd – 3rd, rev. 1917. 4th – 6., Rev. 1918. 7th – 9th, rev. Edition 1920.
  • George. 1st edition 1920. Verlag Bondi, Berlin 1920, 270 pp., 2nd, unv. Edition 1921, 3rd, exp. Berlin 1930 edition.
  • Poets and heroes. 1st edition 1921. Weiss'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung, Heidelberg 1921, 78 pp.
  • Heinrich von Kleist. 1st ed. 1922. Verlag Bondi, Berlin 1922, 172 pp., 2nd, unv. 1924. 3rd, un. 1932.
  • Martin Opitz. 1st edition 1923. Duncker & Humblot, Munich / Leipzig 1923.
  • Caesar. History of his fame. 1st edition 1924. Verlag Bondi, Berlin 1924, 272 pp., 2nd, unv. Edition 1925.
  • Hutten, Klopstock, Arndt. Three speeches. 1st edition 1924. Weiss'sche Universitätsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg 1924.
  • Paracelsus. 1st edition 1927. Verlag Bondi, Berlin 1927, 136 p., 2nd, unv. Edition 1928.
  • Shakespeare. His essence and work. 2 vols. 1st edition 1928. Verlag Bondi, Berlin 1928, 468 u. 454 p., 2nd, unissued 1949.
  • Romantics [Friedrich Schlegel, Friedrich Schleiermacher, Clemens Brentano, Achim von Arnim, Georg Büchner]. 1st edition 1930. Verlag Keller, Berlin-Wilmersdorf 1930, 396 pp.
  • Romantics. New series [Ludwig Tieck, Karl Immermann, Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, Eduard Mörike]. 1st edition 1931. Verlag Keller, Berlin-Wilmersdorf 1930, 254 pp.
  • Beginnings of German historiography from Tschudi to Winckelmann (1938). Edited and edited by Edgar Wind based on the posthumous writings of Friedrich Gundolf. With an introduction by Ulrich Raulff . Frankfurt am Main 1992.

Translations

  • Shakespeare in German. 10 vols. Ed. U. partly newly translated v. Friedrich Gundolf, the sonnets translated by Stefan George. With book decoration v. Melchior Lechter. Georg Bondi Publishing House, Berlin 1908–1918.
  • Without the participation of Stefan Georges: Friedrich Gundolf's Shakespeare sonnet fragments from 1899 […] edited by Jürgen Gutsch. Edition Signathur, Dozwil TG Switzerland 2011, ISBN 978-3-908141-80-8 .

Poetry

  • Fortunat. Four chants. Verlag der Blätter für die Kunst, Berlin 1903 (67 pages).
  • Dialogues. Verlag der Blätter für die Kunst, Berlin 1905 (49 pages).
  • Poems. Bondi publishing house, Berlin 1930 (108 pages).
  • The German literary history - rhymed in a nutshell. Published by Ernst Osterkamp . Heidelberg 2002 (humorous, actually not intended for publication “literary history” in verse).

Letters and correspondence

  • Stefan George, Friedrich Gundolf: Correspondence. Published by Robert Boehringer with Georg Peter Landmann , Helmut Küpper formerly Georg Bondi, Munich / Düsseldorf 1962.
  • Friedrich Gundolf: Correspondence with Herbert Steiner and Ernst Robert Curtius . Introduced and edited by Lothar Helbing and Claus Victor Bock . Castrum Peregrini Press, Amsterdam 1963.
  • Gundolf letters. New episode. Edited by Lothar Helbing and Claus Victor Bock . Castrum Peregrini Press, Amsterdam 1965.
  • Karl , Hanna Wolfskehl: Correspondence with Friedrich Gundolf. 1899-1931. Published by Karlhans Kluncker, 2 volumes. Castrum Peregrini Presse, Amsterdam 1977.
  • Friedrich Gundolf - Friedrich Wolters. An exchange of letters from the circle around Stefan George. Edited and introduced by Christophe Fricker . Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2009.
  • Friedrich Gundolf - Erich von Kahler. Correspondence 1910–1931. With excerpts from the correspondence between Friedrich Gundolf and Fine von Kahler. Edited by Klaus Pott with the collaboration of Petra Kuse (=  publications of the German Academy for Language and Poetry Darmstadt. Vol. 91). Wallstein, Göttingen 2012.
  • Melitta Grünbaum: Encounters with Gundolf . Ed .: Gunilla Eschenbach (=  from the archive / German Literature Archive Marbach . No. 5 ). Deutsche Schillergesellschaft, Marbach am Neckar 2012, ISBN 978-3-937384-82-5 (98 pages).
  • Friedrich Gundolf - Elisabeth Salomon. Correspondence (1914-1931). Published by Gunilla Eschenbach and Helmuth Mojem on behalf of the German Literature Archive Marbach, using preliminary work by Michael Matthiesen. Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter, 2015

Secondary literature

  • Albert Verwey: Mijn verhouding dead Stefan George, herinneringen uit de jaren 1895-1928.
  • Carola Groppe : The power of education. The German bourgeoisie and the George Circle 1890–1933. Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-412-03397-9 , in particular pp. 290–331.
  • Melitta Grünbaum: Encounters with Gundolf. Edited and with an afterword by Gunilla Eschenbach (=  from the archive. Vol. 5). German Schiller Society , Marbach am Neckar 2012), ISBN 978-3-937384-82-5 .
  • Otto Heuschele: Friedrich Gundolf. Work and activity (=  De humanitate. Vol. 2). Drei-Säulen-Verlag, Bad Wörishofen 1947.
  • Clemens Neutjens: Friedrich Gundolf. A bibliographic apparatus. (=  Bonn contributions to library and book studies. Vol. 20) . Bouvier, Bonn 1969.
  • Ernst Osterkamp: Friedrich Gundolf between art and science. On the problem of a Germanist from the George circle. In: Christoph König , Eberhard Lämmert (Hrsg.): Literary studies and intellectual history 1910 to 1925. Frankfurt am Main 1993, pp. 177–198.
  • Ernst Osterkamp: Friedrich Gundolf (1880–1931). In: Christoph König (Hrsg.): The history of science in German studies in portraits. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-11-016157-5 , pp. 162-175.
  • Victor A. Schmitz: Gundolf. An introduction to his work. Küpper, Düsseldorf 1965.
  • Viktor Schmitz:  Gundolf, Friedrich Leopold. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , pp. 319-321 ( digitized version ).
  • Michael Thimann: Caesar's shadow. Friedrich Gundolf's library. Reconstruction and history of science. Manutius, Heidelberg 2003, ISBN 3-934877-25-7 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Lothar Helbing : Gundolf and Elli. In: Elisabeth Gundolf: Stefan George. Castrum Peregrini 1969, p. 16; Elisabeth Gundolf: Stefan George. My encounters with Rainer Maria Rilke and Stefan George and National Socialism. Wallstein Verlag, 1965, ISBN 9783835303751 , limited preview in Google Book Search.
  2. ^ Thomas Karlauf : Stefan George. The discovery of the charism. Biography, Munich 2007, p. 525.
  3. ^ Members of the HAdW since it was founded in 1909. Friedrich Gundolf. Heidelberg Academy of Sciences, accessed July 8, 2016 .

Web links

Wikisource: Friedrich Gundolf  - Sources and full texts
personal data
SURNAME Gundolf, Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gundelfinger, Friedrich Leopold
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German poet and literary scholar
DATE OF BIRTH June 20, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Darmstadt
DATE OF DEATH July 12, 1931
Place of death Heidelberg