St. Bartholomä (Königssee)

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St. Bartholomew
St. Bartholomä at Koenigssee. In the background the east face of the Watzmann.

St. Bartholomä at Koenigssee. In the background the east face of the Watzmann .

Data
place West bank of the Königsee on the Hirschau peninsula, municipality of Schönau am Koenigssee
Construction year Consecrated on July 25, 1868
Coordinates 47 ° 32 '41.2 "  N , 12 ° 58' 21.2"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 32 '41.2 "  N , 12 ° 58' 21.2"  E
particularities
Destination of the Almer pilgrimage

St. Bartholomä , formerly St. Bartholomäus , refers to a pilgrimage church on the west bank of the Königsee on the Hirschau peninsula and a very small settlement in the vicinity of the church, which is a district or a district of the municipality of Schönau am Königssee in the Berchtesgadener Land district .

The church of St. Bartholomä , rebuilt on its foundations at the end of the 17th century after the previous building from the 12th century was demolished (1697/98), was redesigned in the early 18th century in the Baroque style that has been preserved to this day . Equipped with two different onion domes and three red domed roofs over a three-conch choir , its floor plan resembles the shape of the Salzburg Cathedral . The small church building is adorned with stucco work by the Salzburg artist Josef Schmidt, and the altars in the three conches are each dedicated to a saint : St. Bartholomäus , St. Katharina and St. Jacobus . Choosing the patronage of the whole church with St. Bartholomew also referred to the fact that he was considered the patron of the alpine farmers and dairymen . The St. Bartholomä Church belongs to the Catholic parish Unterstein based in Unterschönau , which in turn is responsible for the community of Schönau am Königssee.

The district of St. Bartholomä comprises only a few buildings, of which, in addition to the pilgrimage church, the adjoining former hunting lodge should be mentioned, which is now used as an inn. The church and hunting lodge were formerly owned by the provosts within the Berchtesgadener Land ruled by them . After the secularization of 1803, the small wasteland with its ensemble of buildings came to the Kingdom of Bavaria after several changes of rule in 1810 and was then assigned to different communities. Since 1984 the district has formed the district of St. Bartholomä in the municipality of Schönau am Königssee.

history

The church with the former hunting lodge

church

Kuno von Horburg, the step-brother or half-brother of Berengar I von Sulzbach , left the previous building of today's Church of St. Bartholomä close by because of a spring sanctuary (a "fever well" at the site of the 1617 forest chapel St. Johann and Paul ) in stone. According to a document, it was a "modest chapel", which was covered by a pointed helmet in images from the 16th and 17th centuries . The chapel to the Chunigesee Basilica was consecrated by Bishop Roman I von Gurk on Bartholomew's Day, August 24, 1134, and in the same year the building was first donated by Meginhard von Rotthof . Because of the consecration date, the church also received a relic of St. Bartholomew. In 1522 it was given the papal right to receive indulgences . In 1697 and 1698 this chapel was demolished and rebuilt as a domed structure. In 1733, Prince Provost Cajetan Anton Notthracht von Weißenstein brought the castle and church of St. Bartholomä into the Baroque style that is still preserved today, and a road and footpath to the St. Johann and Paul Forest Chapel was laid out.

The Bavarian King Ludwig II saved the church, which had now become dilapidated, from demolition and had it restored from his cabinet after the church foundation St. Andrä in Berchtesgaden , which was responsible for it, became ineffective. The renewed chapel was consecrated on July 25, 1868. Another renovation was carried out between 1902 and 1904, half of which was paid for by Prince Regent Luitpold , who often went hunting with his guests on the peninsula. In 1903 the church was taken over by the royal civil list; today it is owned by the Free State of Bavaria and is looked after by the Bavarian Administration of State Palaces, Gardens and Lakes .

Other buildings / district

The district of St. Bartholomä includes not only the church, but also other buildings on the peninsula and the small settlement is recorded in official statistics as a wasteland or part of the municipality of Schönau am Königssee. Next to the chapel is the former hunting lodge, which was built from a fisherman's house from the 14th century between 1506 and 1522 and was then rebuilt several times. The building served until 1803 as a temporary accommodation of the prince provosts of direct imperial Berchtesgaden Provostry (1559-1803). After 1810, when the Berchtesgadener Land, previously ruled by the prince provosts, was annexed to the Kingdom of Bavaria , it served the Wittelsbachers as a hunting lodge. Today it is a restaurant. There is also a souvenir stand , an information office for the Berchtesgaden National Park (formerly a woodworker's hut), the Watzmann east wall warehouse, the Königssee fishery and a few other buildings.

The hunting lodge, which was previously in the " Ausmärkischen forest district of St. Bartholomä", was incorporated into the former municipality of Königssee in 1903 as an exclave with an area of ​​8.1 hectares , which in turn was merged with the municipality of Schönau to form the municipality of Schönau am Königssee in 1978 . On January 1, 1984, the large remainder (6,497.73 hectares or 64.98 km²) of the previously unincorporated forest district also came to the municipality of Schönau am Königssee, together with the Königssee forest district (383.88 hectares) in between. After the dissolution of the municipality-free areas of the forest district of St. Bartholomä and the forest district of Königssee and their incorporation into the community of Schönau am Königssee in 1984, the building ensemble of St. Bartholomä also ceased to be a slave. The small area was the possibility of the district moved Koenigssee in the district of St. Bartholomew.

The last yellow telephone booth of the type TelH78 from the time of the Deutsche Bundespost was integrated into a boathouse on three sides for reasons of ensemble protection, and was dismantled in October 2018.

Almer pilgrimage

Origin and route

Every year, St. Bartholomä is the destination of the traditional Almer pilgrimage on the Saturday after August 24th ( Bartholomäustag ) . It is the oldest mountain pilgrimage in Europe, its beginnings probably go back to the time around 1635, when Salzburg citizens first went over the high mountains to St. Bartholomä am Königssee in gratitude for having overcome the plague. The pilgrims, depending on the weather there are up to three thousand, descend in a long hike, starting in Maria Alm in the Austrian Pinzgau , over the Ramseider Scharte with the Riemannhaus and the Funtensee through the Steinerne Meer to Sankt Bartholomä.

Accident of 1688

On August 23, 1688, 60 or 70 pilgrims drowned after their open wooden boat capsized near the drop-off point Im Reitl on the opposite bank of St. Bartholomä, as was reconstructed on the basis of a protocol with statements from survivors. The cause was therefore a mixture of recklessness, cockiness and gross negligence. For a long time the accident at the Falkensteiner wall at the far end of the lake near the Seelände locates or the pier Koenigssee, today at a red memorial cross recalls.

tourism

reachability

Electric boats operated by Schifffahrt Königssee operate all year round from the village of Königssee to St. Bartholomä. St. Bartholomä can only be reached on footpaths in hikes lasting several hours, with considerable differences in altitude having to be covered. From Schönau or the village of Königssee, a path leads first along the Königssee bobsleigh and toboggan run , then over the Klingersteig up to the Kührointalm ( 1420  m ), on to the Archenkanzel and back down over the Rinnkendlsteig. The walking time is around four to five hours.

Day visitors, mountaineers in all seasons

On weekends when the weather is nice, St. Bartholomä is visited by thousands of tourists by ship. As soon as the last ship has returned to the village of Königssee in the afternoon, St. Bartholomä will calm down; only the aspirants for the Watzmann east face have the right to stay overnight on the Hirschau peninsula.

St. Bartholomä is a possible starting point for hikes in the direction of Funtensee ( Kärlingerhaus via Saugasse ) and further into the Steinerne Meer or the Röth .

On January 29, 2006, around 60,000 people were out and about on the frozen Königssee, a large number of which should have reached St. Bartholomä.

Picture gallery

  • Sanctuary of the pilgrimage chapel

  • Rear gallery

  • St. Bartholomä with jetty seen from the ship

  • St.Bartholomä from the ship, taken from the direction of Königssee

  • St. Bartholomä from the Feuerpalven lookout point 1100 m above

  • View from the Ark's pulpit to St. Bartholomä

Web links

Commons : St. Bartholomä  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ www.schoenau-koenigssee.com Municipality of Schönau am Königssee > The municipality> Figures and data. Accessed August 17, 2013.
  2. ↑ a b II. Historical curiosities . In: Repertory of the topographical atlas sheet Berchtesgaden , expanded by the "linked" appendix Repertory of the topographical atlas sheet St. Bartholomae , p. 21. 1841.
  3. ↑ Parish Unterstein , online at erzbistum-muenchen.de
  4. ↑ Parish directory for Upper Bavaria / Orte S , online at wiki-de.genealogy.net
  5. ↑ a b c d e Alfred Spiegel-Schmidt: Guided tour of St. Bartholomä , Berchtesgaden Local History Association ( PDF , 7 pages)
  6. ↑ a b A. Helm : Berchtesgaden in the course of time , p. 289 f.
  7. ↑ van Endert: Organ for Christian Art , No. 21 of November 1, 1868, Cologne 1868, p. 250, digitized version (right column No. 21, November 1, 1868 then click on page 250 and open the double page up to about the middle, s . left column "Salzburg")
  8. ↑ geschichte.digitale-sammlungen.de Historical Atlas of Bavaria - Out of print volumes; Volume: Altbayern Series I, Issue 7: Fürstpropstei Berchtesgaden . P. 18
  9. ↑ Dieter Albrecht : Prince Provost Berchtesgaden . In: Historischer Atlas von Bayern, Teil Altbayern, Heft 7, Munich 1954; Statistical overview according to the status of 1698 I. District and Nursing Court Berchtesgaden. Municipal directory from 1817
  10. ↑ Video: The last yellow telephone booth at Königssee dismantled , pnp.de from April 25, 2019
  11. ↑ koenigssee.de: The Almer pilgrimage
  12. ↑ A. Helm: Berchtesgaden in the course of time , p. 181.
  13. ↑ The ferry disaster from Königsee: Difficult Truth - The ferry disaster from Königssee , report from May 25, 2017 in Bayerischer Rundfunk , online at br.de