Berengar I of Sulzbach

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Berengar I. von Sulzbach with hunting falcon and coat of arms, Kastl monastery

Count Berengar I von Sulzbach (sometimes also counted as Berengar II von Sulzbach ; * before 1080; † December 3, 1125 ) came from the noble family of Count von Sulzbach and was the son of Count Gebhard II. († 1085) and Irmgard von Rott († 1101)

Life

Berengar I was first married to Adelheid von Frontenhausen-Lechsgemünd for a maximum of six years until her death in 1105 . This marriage presumably remained childless. He then married Adelheid von Dießen - Wolfratshausen , with whom he had six children. Presumably thanks to Berengar's connections, including to the Roman-German King and Emperor Heinrich V , four of these children married into the highest circles: Gebhard III. von Sulzbach was with Mathilde, the daughter of the Bavarian Duke Heinrich IX. married, Gertrud von Sulzbach became the wife of the Roman-German King Konrad III. , Luitgart von Sulzbach was Duchess of Lower Lorraine and Bertha von Sulzbach became Empress of Ostrom ( Byzantine Empire ) as the wife of Manuel I. Komnenos .

Act

Adviser to Heinrich V.

Count Berengar II of Sulzbach was instrumental in the overthrow Emperor Henry IV. And the appointment of his son Henry V involved. Between 1104 and 1106 in particular, he often appeared alongside Henry V and was one of his most important advisers on imperial affairs for him. Between 1108 and 1111 he took part in his campaigns in Hungary and Poland as well as in his Rome campaign. From January 1116 to autumn 1119 there was no evidence of him being present at Heinrich's royal court, only afterwards until 1125. It is assumed that Count Berengar devoted himself more and more to his founding monasteries during his absence from the royal court. Berengar is the only count to be found among the greats who appeared as witnesses to the Worms Agreement of 1122.

Church reform group

As part of the leadership group of a church reform circle extending over Bavaria, Swabia and Saxony , he founded the Berchtesgaden , Baumburg and Kastl monasteries , the latter together with Count Friedrich von Kastl-Habsberg and his son Otto. In a letter presumably addressed to him and directed against Emperor Henry IV it says: “Nullus salvatus est in diluvio extra archam, quae figuram berebat ecclesiae.” (Nobody was saved in the Flood outside the ark, which bore the shape of the church .) Because the religious and ideal background of this aristocratic reform group was: An emperor banned from the “salvation-bringing church” leads the people into perdition. "Only the true Church, the Church of Gregorian and Monastic Reform, could point the way to salvation."

Foundations of monasteries

His first founding, the Berchtesgaden monastery , was commissioned by his mother Irmgard von Rott . According to legend, to the fulfillment of a vow in gratitude for the salvation of his father Gebhard II von Sulzbach after a hunting accident near the rock on which the Berchtesgaden collegiate church stands today.

His mother Irmgard had brought the Berchtesgaden property from her first marriage with the Sieghardingen Count Engelbert V. in Chiemgau as a widow's gift and for this purpose stipulated in her vow that there a clerical community based on the idea of ​​"communal life" ( "congregatio clericorum communis vite" ) should arise. Irmgard was no longer able to initiate the foundation of the monastery himself: "Held up by various worldly affairs". Therefore, shortly before her death, she commissioned her son Berengar to promote the founding of the monastery for "her and his soul's salvation".

Privilege from Pope Paschal II for Berchtesgaden

In the year of his mother's death (1101), Berengar I appointed Canon Eberwin as the first provost of the monastery . Under his leadership, he sent three Augustinian canons and four lay brothers from the Rottenbuch monastery , which at the time was the mother monastery of the Augustinians in Old Bavaria, pioneering canon reform , to Berchtesgaden. Together with his stepbrother Kuno von Horburg- Lechsgemünd , Berengar I then campaigned for the papal confirmation of the founding of the monastery. Probably in 1102 (1105 at the latest) Kuno von Horburg traveled to Rome on behalf of Berengar I together with Eberwin. Pope Paschal II had "very likely" already placed the count's own monastery berthercatmen under his protection on April 7, 1102 , and confirmed this " privilege " to Berengar I and Kuno von Horburg in writing. After the great Lateran Synod (end of March, beginning of April 1102) Berengar I was granted the privilege for the Hirsau reform monastery of Kastl on May 12, 1102 , which he shared with Count Friedrich Habsberg-Kastl, his son Count Otto von, in 1102/03 Habsberg and Countess Luitgard von Zähringen, sister of Bishop Gebhard III, who was ousted from Constance . , founded. And that's not all, Paschal II is said to have confirmed the privilege for Baumburg Monastery in the same year .

But the Berchtesgadener Stift did not get beyond one cell for the time being .

According to the Fundatio monasterii Berchtesgadensis , the Augustinians found "the lonely wilderness of Berchtesgaden, the terrifying mountain forest and the horrific experience of constant ice and snow" to be very inhospitable and therefore looked for a more suitable place.

Presumably, however, Berengar I was not able to adequately equip several monasteries at the same time. In addition, between 1104 and 1106 he was involved in the fierce battles between Henry V and his father, Emperor Henry IV. Even the request of his wife Adelheid von Frontenhausen-Lechsgemünd to use the widows' estates from their first two marriages to found a reform foundation, Berengar was not able to implement immediately. Adelheid was therefore even compelled, before her death (1104/1105), not only to swear her husband, but also to take an oath from twelve selected ministerials, to establish a regular canon foundation and the existing church of St. Margarethen in Baumburg affiliate north of the Chiemsee. But to found two monasteries within only three or four years and at the same time to participate in the reform monastery Kastl, even the son of such a powerful family as that of the Sulzbacher was in distress. According to a “Baumburger announcement”, he finally submitted to the urging of his ministerials to fulfill the obligations of his mother Irmgard and his first wife Adelheid by adding the founding property of Berchtesgaden to Baumburg, making it at least a well-equipped pen. But actually, Berengar would still have preferred two separate pens to just one.

In 1107 (1109 at the latest) Eberwin and his monks were finally withdrawn from Berchtesgaden for the Baumburg monastery in the north of today's Traunstein district, founded by Berengar in memory of his first wife Adelheid von Frontenhausen-Lechsgemünd , who died in 1105 . But neither Berengar nor Eberwin gave up on Berchtesgaden - according to Stefan Weinfurter, however, it is uncertain who of the two, “already working together in religious zeal”, gave the first impetus to return. He had Eberwin return to Berchtesgaden around 1116 (according to A. Helm between 1106 and 1112, according to Manfred Feulner probably around 1116, according to Dieter Albrecht and Weinfurter between 1116 and mid-1119). Berengar had now better equipped the monastery monastery so that the provost of the monastery could initiate the first major clearing and the Augustinian canons finally settled there.

But the regained "former freedom" of Berchtesgaden was not yet secured. The new and “first” provost of Baumburg Gottschalk (approx. 1120–1163), who regarded Eberwin as a “renegade” and deleted him from the provost's list, was not prepared to accept the loss of Berchtesgaden's equipment. After Berengar's death (December 3, 1125), he challenged the legality of the separation and turned to the responsible bishop, Archbishop Conrad I of Salzburg (1106–1147), for an order for the reunification. Only after an arbitration by Konrad in 1136 was the coexistence of the two pens in the sense of Berengar confirmed and confirmed again in 1142 by Pope Innocent II . The Baumburger demands, however, were rejected as "the opinion of certain simple-minded brothers".

family

Family tree and its assignments mainly based on Jürgen Dendorfer, supplemented by information based on Heinz Dopsch - in brackets and in italics, if applicable, old counting methods and date references based on Heinz Dopsch.

literature

  • Jürgen Dendorfer : The Counts of Sulzbach. In: Ferdinand Kramer , Wilhelm Störmer (Hrsg.): High Middle Ages noble families in Old Bavaria, Franconia and Swabia (= studies on the Bavarian constitutional and social history. Vol. 20). Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 2005, pp. 179–212 ( digitized version )
  • Jürgen Dendorfer: noble group formation and royal rule. The Counts of Sulzbach and their network of relationships in the 12th century (= studies on the Bavarian constitutional and social history. Works from historical atlas research in Bavaria. Vol. 23). Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-7696-6870-7 (also: Munich, University, Dissertation, 2002).

Remarks

  1. ↑ according to Dopsch and Weinfurt notation: Adelheid von Lechsgemünd or Adelheid von Frontenhausen-Lechsgemünd ; according to Jürgen Dendorfer only Adelheid von Frontenhausen
  2. ↑ a b On the number and names of their children together Heinz Dopsch : Siedlung und Recht. On the prehistory of the founders of the Berchtesgaden monastery. In: Walter Brugger , Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml (eds.): History of Berchtesgaden. Vol. 1: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594). Berchtesgaden 1991, pp. 175–228, here: pp. 214 and 221.
  3. ^ Gerd Althoff: Heinrich IV. Darmstadt 2006, p. 233; Stefan Weinfurter : The founding of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden. In: Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml (eds.): History of Berchtesgaden. Vol. 1: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594). Berchtesgaden 1991, pp. 229-264, here: pp. 245 f.
  4. ↑ Martin Johann Walko: The Traditions of the Augustinian Canons of Baumburg an der Alz. Munich 2004, p. 61 f.
  5. ^ A b Dieter Albrecht : Die Fürstpropstei Berchtesgaden , in: Max Spindler, Andreas Kraus (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian History , pp. 286–287 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  6. ^ Stefan Weinfurter : The founding of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden. In: Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml (eds.): History of Berchtesgaden. Vol. 1: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594). Berchtesgaden 1991, pp. 229-264, here: p. 233.
  7. ^ Stefan Weinfurter: The founding of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden. In: Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml (eds.): History of Berchtesgaden. Vol. 1: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594). Berchtesgaden 1991, pp. 229-264, here: pp. 233-234.
  8. ^ Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml: History of Berchtesgaden: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594) . Plenk, 1991, p. 228. ( Restricted preview )
  9. ↑ Manfred Feulner : Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants. P. 8.
  10. ↑ "Paschalis episcopus, servus servorum dei, dilectis filiis Berengano et Cononi comitibus salutem et apostolicam benedictionem." (Note 45) in: Stefan Weinfurter: The founding of the Augustinian Canon Monastery - reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden. In: Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml (eds.): History of Berchtesgaden. Vol. 1: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594). Berchtesgaden 1991, pp. 229-264, here: p. 239.
  11. ^ Stefan Weinfurter: The founding of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden. In: Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml (eds.): History of Berchtesgaden. Vol. 1: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594). Berchtesgaden 1991, pp. 229-264, here: p. 242.
  12. ^ Stefan Weinfurter: The founding of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden. In: Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml (eds.): History of Berchtesgaden. Vol. 1: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594). Berchtesgaden 1991, pp. 229–264, here: p. 230.
  13. ^ Stefan Weinfurter: The founding of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden. In: Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml (eds.): History of Berchtesgaden. Vol. 1: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594). Berchtesgaden 1991, pp. 229-264, here: p. 244.
  14. ^ Stefan Weinfurter: The founding of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden. In: Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml (eds.): History of Berchtesgaden. Vol. 1: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594). Berchtesgaden 1991, pp. 229-264, here: pp. 245 f.
  15. ^ Stefan Weinfurter: The founding of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden. In: Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml (eds.): History of Berchtesgaden. Vol. 1: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594). Berchtesgaden 1991, pp. 229-264, here: pp. 245-246.
  16. ^ Stefan Weinfurter: The founding of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden. In: Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml (eds.): History of Berchtesgaden. Vol. 1: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594). Berchtesgaden 1991, pp. 229-264, here: p. 246.
  17. ↑ a b c Dieter Albrecht : Die Fürstpropstei Berchtesgaden , in: Max Spindler, Andreas Kraus (ed.): Handbuch der Bayerischen Geschichte , p. 288 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  18. ↑ Stefan Weinfurter, The Foundation of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - Reform Idea and Beginnings of the Canon Regulars in Berchtesgaden , in: History of Berchtesgaden: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594), Vol. 1 , ed. by W. Brugger, H. Dopsch, PF Kramml, Berchtesgaden 1991, p. 248.
  19. ↑ A. Helm : Berchtesgaden in the course of time , keyword: history of the country, pp. 108-109.
  20. ↑ Manfred Feulner: Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants , p. 11.
  21. ↑ a b Stefan Weinfurter: The foundation of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden. In: Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml (eds.): History of Berchtesgaden. Vol. 1: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594). Berchtesgaden 1991, pp. 229-264, here: p. 250.
  22. ^ Stefan Weinfurter: The founding of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden. In: Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml (eds.): History of Berchtesgaden. Vol. 1: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594). Berchtesgaden 1991, pp. 229-264, here: p. 251.
  23. ^ Jürgen Dendorfer : The Counts of Sulzbach ; PDF file p. 11 of 35
  24. ↑ For the number and names of their children together, see Heinz Dopsch : Siedlung und Recht. On the prehistory of the founders of the Berchtesgaden monastery. In: Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml (eds.): History of Berchtesgaden. Vol. 1: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594). Berchtesgaden 1991, pp. 175–228, here: pp. 214 and 221.
  25. ^ Garland-Stone, Bertha-Irene of Sulzbach, first wife of Manuel I Comnenus
  26. ^ For evidence of Mathilde as Berengar's daughter, see Friedrich Hausmann : The Counts of Ortenburg and their male ancestors, the Spanheimers in Carinthia, Saxony and Bavaria, as well as their subsidiary lines . In: East Bavarian border marks. Passauer Jahrbuch für Geschichte, Kunst und Volkskunde. No. 36, 1994, p. 16
  27. ↑ On the marriage of Heinrich II. Von Altendorf with Berta von Sulzbach see reference Jürgen Dendorfer: Die Grafen von Sulzbach , page 23 u. 24 of 35 page PDF file.
personal data
SURNAME Berengar I of Sulzbach
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German nobleman and monastery founder
DATE OF BIRTH before 1080
DATE OF DEATH December 3, 1125