Eberwin (Berchtesgaden)

Eberwin († December 9, 1142 ) was an Augustinian canon and from around 1101 until his death the first provost of the Berchtesgaden monastery and, in the meantime, provost of the Baumburg monastery .

Life

Eberwin probably came from a noble family who also owned estates near Rottenbuch .

His grave is in front of the cross altar in the Berchtesgaden collegiate church .

Act

First provost of the Berchtesgaden monastery

As a canon of the Rottenbuch monastery , which at the time was a pioneer in the canon reform as the mother monastery of the Augustinians in Old Bavaria, he was appointed provost for a new foundation in Berchtesgaden by Berengar I von Sulzbach in the year of his death and his mother and founder Irmgard (1101) The first dean was a canon named Everhelm. Together with three other monks and four lay brothers, he made a first attempt on behalf of Berengar I around 1100 to establish a monastery in the “inhospitable rock valley” of Berchtesgaden . Between 1102 and 1105 Eberwin traveled to Rome together with Kuno von Horburg- Lechsgemünd (possibly also with Berengar I) in order to successfully place the newly founded monastery berthercatmen in the care and protection of Pope Paschal II .

But the Berchtesgadener Stift did not get beyond one cell for the time being . According to the Fundatio monasterii Berchtesgadensis , the Augustinians found "the lonely wilderness of Berchtesgaden, the terrifying mountain forest and the horrific experience of constant ice and snow" to be very inhospitable and therefore looked for a more suitable place. Presumably, however, Berengar I was simply unable to adequately equip several monasteries at the same time. In addition, between 1104 and 1106 he was involved in the fierce battles between Henry V and his father, Emperor Henry IV .

First provost of the Baumburg monastery

According to a "Baumburger announcement", Berengar I would finally have submitted to the pressure of his ministeriales to fulfill the obligations towards his mother Irmgard and his first wife Adelheid von Frontenhausen († 1105) by asking Baumburg monastery, founded in honor of Adelheid, for the founding property of Berchtesgaden expanded and thus raised it to at least one well-equipped pen with Eberwin as its provost. But actually, Berengar would still have preferred two separate pens to just one.

In 1107 (1109 at the latest) Eberwin and his monks were finally withdrawn for the Baumburg monastery in the north of today's Traunstein district . But neither Berengar nor Eberwin gave up on Berchtesgaden - according to Weinfurter, however, it is not certain who of the two, "already working together in religious zeal", gave the first impetus to return.

Return to Berchtesgaden Abbey

Berengar had Eberwin return to Berchtesgaden around 1116 (according to Helm between 1106 and 1112, according to Feulner probably around 1116, according to Albrecht and Weinfurter between 1116 and mid-1119). Berengar had now better equipped the monastery, so that Eberwin could initiate the first major clearings and the Augustinian Canons finally settled there.

Thanks to Eberwin, a construction phase or "emergency building" of the collegiate church of St. Peter and John the Baptist was consecrated by the Archbishop of Salzburg , Konrad . Only after his death in the second half of the 12th century was this followed by a more massive construction as a three-aisled Romanesque pillar basilica and probably also the erection of the first towers, of which there is neither a description nor an illustration.

Eberwin and the monastery monastery were added by Count Berengar in 1125, in addition to the first assignments (including Niederheim im Pinzgau ), "omnem silvam ad locum Grauingaden dictum pertinentem" , i.e. H. the entire forest that was part of the place called "Grafengaden" at the time. The borders of this forest were explored by historians as follows: It led over the Diezzenbach (Dießbach) along the Sala ( Saalach ) to the village of Waliwes ( Wals ), then to the marshland Uilzmos (Viehausermoos) and to Anava ( Anif ), from da Salzach up to the upper Scrainpach (Schrainbach) further to the Farmignekke (Fahreneck?) and to the Swalwen (Ecker Sattel?), then up to the Gelichen ( Hoher Göll ), to the origin of the Cuonispach (Königsbach), further Ouzinsperch and Pochisrukke (ridge on the Schneibstein ?) , to the lake at Phafinsperch ( Seeleinsee ), down through the Langtal to the Viscuncula ( Fischunkel ) - and so much lay in the territory of the Archdiocese of Salzburg , so that arguments about this were inevitable.

But the regained "former freedom" of Berchtesgaden was not yet secured. The new and “first” provost of Baumburg Gottschalk (approx. 1120–1163), who regarded Eberwin as a “renegade” and deleted him from the provost's list, was not prepared to accept the loss of Berchtesgaden's equipment. After Berengar's death (December 3, 1125), he challenged the legality of the separation and turned to the responsible bishop, Archbishop Conrad I of Salzburg (1106–1147), for an order for the reunification. Only after an arbitration by Konrad in 1136 was the coexistence of the two pens confirmed by the founder Berengar and confirmed again in 1142 by Pope Innocent II . The Baumburger demands, however, were rejected as "the opinion of certain simple-minded brothers".

Power status as provost of the Berchtesgaden monastery

In Berchtesgaden, the provosts, who worked from 1101 to 1803, held both spiritual leadership and secular power, which over the centuries was given more and more powers thanks to imperial support. This continuous increase in power already benefited the first pen-style provosts (1101–1380), but experienced an increase with their elevation to imperial prelates (1380–1559) and prince provosts (1559–1803).

When Eberwin became the first provost of the Berchtesgaden monastery, the Counts of Sulzbach, as the founders of the monastery, were also the bailiffs until 1180 and thus continued to be indirect beneficiaries of their possessions in this region. In spiritual things ( Spiritualien ) Eberwin was under the "metropolitan authority" of the Archdiocese of Salzburg , at the same time the monastery was pin Berchtesgaden also thanks to his efforts under the protection of Pope Paschal II. And his successors, which has u. a. also had a positive effect in the decades-long defensive struggle against the demands of the Baumburg monastery . The extent to which its core area was equipped almost corresponded to that of the state of Berchtesgaden , in which Eberwin exercised the lower jurisdiction .

Posthumous appreciation

In Die Martinsklause, Ludwig Ganghofer made Eberwin into a novel hero who climbs the Untersberg and, overwhelmed by the beauty of the Berchtesgadener Land at his feet, says: "If God loves, he will let him fall into this land." A sentence that has since also been heard regionally Tourism advertising uses.

literature

• Manfred Feulner : Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants . Berchtesgadener Anzeiger Verlag , Berchtesgaden 1986 ISBN 3-925647-00-7 , pp. 9-20.
• A. Helm , Hellmut Schöner (ed.): Berchtesgaden in the course of time . Reprint from 1929. Association for local history d. Berchtesgadener Landes. Verlag Berchtesgadener Anzeiger and Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1973. pp. 100, 108-109, 261-262, 338 f.
• Stefan Weinfurter : The foundation of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - reform idea and beginnings of the Canon Regulars in Berchtesgaden , in: Walter Brugger , Heinz Dopsch , Peter Franz Kramml: History of Berchtesgaden: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594) , Vol. 1, Plenk Verlag, Berchtesgaden 1991, pp. 229-264, here: pp. 244-254. ISBN 3-922590-63-2

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Manfred Feulner: Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants . P. 18
2. ↑ ^{a b} Manfred Feulner: Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants . P. 9
3. ↑ Dieter Albrecht : Die Fürstpropstei Berchtesgaden , in: Max Spindler, Andreas Kraus (Ed.): Handbuch der Bayerischen Geschichte , pp. 286–287 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
4. ^ Stefan Weinfurter : The founding of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - Reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden , p. 244.
5. ↑ datenmatrix.de To: Berchtesgaden, Chorherrenstift in "House of Bavarian History".
6. ↑ ^{a b} Stefan Weinfurter: The founding of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden , pp. 245–246.
7. ^ Stefan Weinfurter: The founding of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - Reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden , p. 246
8. ↑ ^{a b c} Dieter Albrecht : Die Fürstpropstei Berchtesgaden , in: Max Spindler, Andreas Kraus (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Bavarian Geschichte , p. 288 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
9. ↑ Stefan Weinfurter: The foundation of the Augustinian Canon Monastery - Reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden , p. 248.
10. ↑ A. Helm : Berchtesgaden in the course of time , keyword: history of the country, pp. 108-109.
11. ↑ Manfred Feulner: Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants , p. 11.
12. ↑ ^{a b} Stefan Weinfurter: The foundation of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden , p. 250.
13. ↑ A. Helm: Berchtesgaden in the course of time , keyword: Geschichte des Landes, pp. 106 to 111, pp. 107–108.
14. ↑ A. Helm: Berchtesgaden through the ages . Keyword: Collegiate Church p. 338 f.
15. ↑ Manfred Feulner: Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants . P. 20
16. ^ Stefan Weinfurter: The founding of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden , p. 251.
17. ↑ Stefan Weinfurter, The Foundation of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - Reform Idea and Beginnings of the Canon Regulars in Berchtesgaden , p. 254.
18. ↑ Manfred Feulner: Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants . Pp. 50-51

predecessor	Office	successor
-	Provost of Berchtesgaden 1101–1142	Hugo I.
-	Provost of the Baumburg monastery 1107 / 9–1116 / 19	Sedis vacancy Dean Eccolf