Fischunkelalm

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Fischunkelalm
Fischunkelalm on the Obersee

Fischunkelalm on the Obersee

location Schönau am Königssee , Upper Bavaria
Mountains Hagen Mountains
Geographical location 47 ° 30 '40 "  N , 12 ° 59' 33"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 30 '40 "  N , 12 ° 59' 33"  E
Fischunkelalm (Bavaria)
Fischunkelalm
height 615  m above sea level NN
surface Alpine
pasture 20 ha of forest pasture 177 hadep1
Waters Obersee , source; additional supply through a water pipe
climate warm, cold in autumn and without sun
flora Lush grass, milkweed , attich
fauna Red deer
use bumped , catered for in the summer months
Template: Infobox Glacier / Maintenance / Image description missing

The Fischunkelalm is an alpine pasture in the Berchtesgaden National Park in the south of the Bavarian district of Berchtesgadener Land . The Alm lies on a cone of rubble on the southeastern bank of the Obersee , southeast of the Königsee . Above the Fischunkelalm is the Röthbachfall , the highest waterfall in Germany. The managed alpine hut is a popular destination for tourists.

The Kaser of the Fischunkelalm is under monument protection and is registered under the number D-1-72-132-92 in the Bavarian monument list.

description

The Fischunkelalm is located in the former community-free area of Forst Sankt Bartholomä , which was incorporated into the community of Schönau am Königssee on January 1, 1984 and has been the southernmost district of this community since then .

The alpine hut with the street address Salet 14 is located about 100 m from the shore and was built in 1840 in the style of the previous hut that had burned down. The cabin has a ground plan of about 16 m x 16 m and is provided as a cabin constructed from the outside and verschindelt . The gable points to the southeast. The alpine hut, which is managed in the summer months from around June to September, is used by numerous tourists for refreshments, but has only outdoor visitor benches and no dining room. The hut is a listed building .

There is a spring a few hundred meters from the alpine hut , and there is also an underwater spring in the Obersee. Since 1974 the hut has been supplied with water from a water pipe more than a kilometer long. The Fischunkelalm has a small sewage treatment plant . About 100 m from the alpine hut there is a boathouse in the lake , which can be reached via a short footbridge and belongs to the Berchtesgaden National Park Administration.

Like all alpine pastures in the national park, the Fischunkelalm is an authorization or beneficiary alp. The land is owned by the Free State of Bavaria, which is represented in the national park area by the national park administration. Only the management buildings and fences belong to the authorized person. The Fischunkelalm is allocated grazing rights to 20  hectares of light pasture and 177 hectares of forest pastures . The alpine pasture is at an altitude of 620 to 720  m above sea level. NN . Crested grass willows are dominant over the whole area .

history

The area of ​​the Fischunkelalm appears for the first time in 1125 as a Viscuncula in a border description of the Waldmark, which Count Berengar I von Sulzbach gave to the provost Eberwin of the Berchtesgaden monastery priesthood . The name Fischunkel has seen some changes over the centuries. Its old forms are: 1119–1125 (copy from the end of the 12th century) Uiscuncula , after 1156… ad verticem montis Viskunkel , in a copy from 1706 Vis-chunckl separated, 1602… in the Fischsunggl , 1629 Hoch Vischunckl… Wald Vischunckl , 1706 The Hochfischunkl anizo Tristelhorn ... above the Fischunkel .

Alpine farming

The Almrecht for the count's fief on the Salzberg has been proven since 1486 . At first the Almrecht was divided into two parts and the Alm was designed as a double Alm. In 1850 50 cattle were divided between the two Almrechte. It was not until 1919 that the Graflehen Salzberg bought the second Almrecht. A special feature is that the Fischunkelalm is lower than the associated mountain farm on the Salzberg .

Until about 1930 the ' Almauftrieb ' took place over the mountains. Karl Ranke describes the lift in 1929 as follows: “The lift up the Fischunkel is unpleasant. The cattle are driven around the Königssee and Obersee (7 hours), whereby the path around the Obersee is once at a height of approx. 15 meters vertically above the lake and is only 70 cm wide; the calves are transferred by barges. ” Nowadays, the alpine pastures are lifted up by boats across the Königssee. In the Obersee area, however, cattle are still herded along the path that was expanded and widened in 1965. The cattle drive in mid-October is worth seeing, when the animals are festively adorned with elaborate headdresses, provided that no animal has had an accident or fell ill during the year.

The Alm is managed by two dairy women from mid-May to mid-October .

View over the Obersee to the Fischunkelalm and the Röthbachfall at the head of the valley
Boat hut on the Obersee near the Fischunkelalm

Timber industry

Around 1850, forest workers cut around 700 cubic meters of firewood (short wood) annually in  the Röth forest area southeast of the Fischunkelalm . After drying, the wood was brought downhill and lowered about 400 meters over the rock face into the Fischunculus. It then stayed in the area of ​​the upper Fischunkel, and in winter it was pulled on sledges with draft animals to the Obersee. In the spring, boats brought the wood across the Obersee before it was carried on to the Königssee via the Saletbach as a Trift Canal .

hunt

In the Hagen Mountains above the Obersee, King Maximilian II had the royal hunting lodge , now a listed building, built on the Regenalm .

In the middle of the 19th century dogs were used for the royal drive hunt to drive the deer and chamois over the Fischunculus towards the Obersee. Because the lake was bordered on both sides by steep mountain walls, it was common for deer to plunge into the water to escape by swimming. The game was therefore simply shot from a boat. In 1853 the king killed two deer from ten ends from the ship. On the other hand, it was also possible to watch the animals in the area where they reached the bank. In 1856 the king shot five strong stags there.

In 1936, by order of the then “Reichsjägermeister” Hermann Göring, four ibexes - three goats and one goat - were settled in the Röth above the Fischunkelalm. The animals came from the Swiss wildlife park Peter and Paul near St. Gallen . They were shipped across the Königssee by rowing boat and then carried around the Obersee in boxes. The specially built Fischunkelalm – Röth material ropeway led up from the upper area of ​​the Fischunkel to Röth at an altitude of 1,500 meters, with which the material, the animals and, in winter, the feed were transported. The ibex lived initially in a 15  hectares large gate , surrounded by a high wire fence over four meters. In the following years more ibexes from various zoological gardens were added, until in 1944 eight goats and fifteen goats were released when the gate was opened. The hut that formed the valley point of the cable car is now derelict.

Today, hunting in the Fischunkelalm area - as everywhere in the national park - serves only to regulate the game population to a number appropriate to the habitat. This is necessary because the natural enemies of red deer, roe deer and chamois such as lynx and bears have been exterminated and excessive game populations mean that young trees are particularly vulnerable to browsing in the winter months.

Origin of the name Fischunkel

The Austrian linguist, dialectologist and name researcher Eberhard Kranzmayer attributed the name Fischunkel to Lascuscuncula (the very small little lake) via Laviscuncula . In the communications of the German Alpine Club it is claimed that the name of the Alpe Fischunkel am Obersee is not related to the abundance of fish in the lake, but rather refers to the Middle Latin fasciunculus. Diminutive of fascia. for "narrow strip of meadow". Another interpretation is given in the book “Festgabe für Gerold Meyer von Knonau”: Fischunkel is derived from the basic word fiscus and, as the deminutive form Fiscuncula, represents the designation for a “very small settlement, a poor little good ” and would thus become “closed to the world” Location “fit. This theory would also be supported by the fact that the documents of Emperor Frederick I and Henry VI. from 1156 and 1194 speak of a mountain viskuncle (ad verticem montis viscuncle) .

Hiking trails

View from the steep path on the southwestern bank of the Obersee over the Fischunkelalm

Königssee (Salet) - Fischunkelalm

Most visitors reach the Fischunkelalm by boat across the Königssee (travel time about an hour). From the Salet boat landing stage, a flat, broad hiking trail leads past the Saletalm to the Obersee. On the south-western shore of the lake, the path initially follows the shore at the level of the lake towards the south, but then rises in the area of ​​the following, steeply rising rock face. The path has been blasted into this as a (secured) path in the rock face. At the highest point, the visitor has a good view of the lake. After a 30-minute walk you reach the Fischunkelalm. The way back leads back to the Königssee via the same route.

Fischunkelalm - Röthbachfall - Wasseralm

From the Fischunkelalm you get across the open alpine pasture in a south-easterly direction up to the Fischunkel valley basin. After a short passage through a forest and over a threshold, the path leads to Germany's highest waterfall, the Röthbachfall . This falls from a knoll about 470 meters. The climbs over the Landtalsteig or the more sophisticated Röthsteig both require good physical condition, good head for heights and surefootedness . The Wasseralm is located at an altitude of 1423 m and offers the possibility of catering and overnight stays. From there, further tours, for example to the devil's horns or the Gotzenalm, can be carried out.

literature

  • Andrea and Andreas Strauss: Alpine pasture and hut hikes. Chiemgau - Kaiser - Berchtesgaden. 50 tours between Inn and Salzach. Rother hiking book. 1st edition. Bergverlag Rother, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-7633-3035-5 , pp. 157-159. ( Online preview on Google Books)

Web links

Commons : Fischunkelalm  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fischunkelalm - Flora on agrarkulturerbe.de, accessed on January 23, 2020
  2. ↑ Fischunkelalm - Fauna on agrarkulturerbe.de, accessed on January 23, 2020
  3. ↑ a b Fischunkelalm - Buildings of the Agricultural Heritage Initiative, accessed on August 16, 2011.
  4. ↑ Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments: Monument List Schönau am Königssee, Forst Sankt Bartholomä, D-1-72-132-92. Registered as "Kaser, block construction, based in 1840. Am Obersee, 615 m height." (PDF; 146 kB)
  5. ↑ a b Fischunkelalm - Description of the Agricultural Heritage Initiative, accessed on August 16, 2011.
  6. ^ Mark Vetter: Landscape ecological analyzes in the Königsee area. (PDF; 6.0 MB), dissertation from the Faculty of Geosciences at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich, 2003, p. 23.
  7. ↑ a b Berchtesgaden National Park Administration: National Park Plan: 8.7 Agricultural Uses and Usage Rights , accessed on August 16, 2011.
  8. ↑ a b c d Fischunkelalm - History of the Agricultural Heritage Initiative, accessed on August 16, 2011.
  9. ^ Karl August Muffat (ed.): Donation book of the former prince-prince Berchtesgaden. In: Sources and discussions on Bavarian and German history. Old series, Volume 1, Munich 1856 (Ndr. Aalen 1969), pp. 225–364 (Traditionscodex). Quoted from Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch , Peter F. Kramml: History of Berchtesgaden: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594). Verlag Anton Plenk , 1991, ISBN 3-922590-63-2 , p. 92.
  10. ↑ Heinrich Appelt with the participation of Rainer Maria Herkenrath, Walter Koch , Josef Riedmann, Winfried Stelzer and Kurt Zeillinger (eds.): Diplomata 22: The documents of Friedrich I. Part 1: 1152-1158. Hanover 1975, pp. 234–236 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version ) here no. 140, p. 235, line 36. Quoted from Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml: History of Berchtesgaden: Between Salzburg and Bavaria ( until 1594). Verlag Anton Plenk , 1991, ISBN 3-922590-63-2 , p. 92.
  11. ↑ Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv München, Klosterliteralien Berchtesgaden, No. 351, p. 65. Quoted from Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml: History of Berchtesgaden: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594). Verlag Anton Plenk, 1991, ISBN 3-922590-63-2 , p. 92.
  12. ↑ Bavarian Main State Archives Munich, Prince Provost Berchtesgaden, No. 808, fol. 12. Quoted from Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml: History of Berchtesgaden: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594). Verlag Anton Plenk, 1991, ISBN 3-922590-63-2 , p. 92.
  13. ↑ Hans Faistenauer, Das Landt vnd ​​Miss. Stifft Berchtolsgaden, with the adjoining borders, 1628 Quoted from Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml: History of Berchtesgaden: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594). Verlag Anton Plenk, 1991, ISBN 3-922590-63-2 , p. 92.
  14. ↑ Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv München, Klosterliteralien Berchtesgaden, No. 351, p. 117. Quoted from Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml: History of Berchtesgaden: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594). Verlag Anton Plenk, 1991, ISBN 3-922590-63-2 , p. 92.
  15. ^ Franz de Paula cabinet: Natural history letters about Austria, Salzburg, Passau and Berchtesgaden. Volume 1, Salzburg 1785. Quoted from Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml: History of Berchtesgaden: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594). Verlag Anton Plenk, 1991, ISBN 3-922590-63-2 , p. 92.
  16. ^ Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml: History of Berchtesgaden. 3: Berchtesgaden in the Kingdom and Free State of Bavaria from 1810 to the present. Politics - Economy - Society, Plenk, 2002, p. 769
  17. ↑ Königssee and the surrounding area. (PDF 11 MB) Berchtesgaden National Park, archived from the original on 20150915 ; Retrieved December 30, 2012 .
  18. ^ Salzburgnet: Fischunkelalm , accessed on November 14, 2011.
  19. ↑ Almabtrieb in Berchtesgadener Land , accessed on December 3, 2011.
  20. ^ Adolph Schaubach: The German Alps for locals u. Friends portrayed. Volume 3, Verlag Frommann, Jena 1865, p. 263 ( online version in the Google book search)
  21. ↑ Berchtesgadener Anzeiger of February 3, 2006: Seventy years of ibex in Berchtesgaden. ( Memento from July 19, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  22. ↑ FAQ (Hunting in the National Park). (No longer available online.) Berchtesgaden National Park, archived from the original on December 30, 2012 ; Retrieved December 30, 2012 .
  23. ↑ Eberhard Kranzmayer: On place name research in the border region. In: Zeitschrift für Ortsnameforschung 10 (1934), p. 116.
  24. ↑ Karl Uibeleisen: contributions to the Alpine name research. In: Communications of the German and Austrian Alpine Club. 27 (1901), pp. 167–168, here p. 167 ( preview in Google Book Search USA ).
  25. ↑ Sigmund Riezler : The place, water and mountain names of the Berchtesgadener country. In: Festgabe for Gerold Meyer von Knonau. Publishing house d. antiquarian. Ges. Zürich, 1913, pp. 93–163, here p. 156 ( excerpt from Google book search).
  26. ↑ From the Königssee to the Fischunkelalm. Description of the hike from Outdooractive.com, accessed on August 16, 2011.
  27. ^ Bernhard Kühnhauser: Berchtesgaden Alps. Alpine Club Guide alpine: A guide for valleys, huts and mountains. Bergverlag Rother, 2009, ISBN 978-3-7633-1127-9 , p. 274. ( Online preview on Google Books)
  28. ↑ Georg Hohenester, Stefan Winter, Jörg Bodenbender: Bavaria's Mountains: 40 dream tours between Allgäu and Berchtesgaden. Bergverlag Rother, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-7633-3041-6 , pp. 196-198. ( Online preview on Google Books)
This article was added to the list of articles worth reading on December 18, 2011 in this version .