Saalach
The Saalach , formerly also Spielbach or Salzburgische Saale , is a 105.5 km long left tributary of the Salzach in the Austrian states of Tyrol and Salzburg and in the German Free State of Bavaria .
geography
course
The Saalach rises in Tyrol in the Kitzbühel Alps . It flows from the Torsee below the 2178 m high Gamshag in the municipality of Jochberg , just under 1 km west of the border with the State of Salzburg. From there it initially flows in an easterly direction through the Glemmtal, first through Hinterglemm , then through Saalbach to Maishofen .
At Maishofen, the Saalach bends north 2 km north of Lake Zell , forming a characteristic valley watershed that separates the Zell Basin from its further valley section, the Saalfelden Basin . From there to the foothills of the Alps, the valley is called the Saalachtal , with the Upper Saalachtal meaning the Pinzgauer and the Lower Saalachtal the Bavarian part. In the Saalachtal, the river lined by the Hundstein (Salzburg Slate Alps) in the east and the Pinzgauer Straße (B 311) runs to Saalfelden , where the Leoganger Ache coming from the west and the Urslau coming from the east converge .
After Saalfelden, the Saalach enters a narrow breakthrough valley , between Berchtesgaden Alps in the east and Leoganger and Loferer Steinbergen and the southeastern massifs of the Chiemgau Alps in the west. The deeply cut breakthrough forms partly flat valleys and basins , partly narrow valley passes . The river passes Weißbach bei Lofer and Sankt Martin bei Lofer , is accompanied from Lofer by the B 178 and runs to Unken . Below this village or just a few hundred meters below the Steinpass, the flowing water crosses the border into Germany at Melleck, a district of the Bavarian municipality of Schneizlreuth .
From now on, the Saalach will form part of the German-Austrian border for the first time over a length of almost three kilometers, thus the border with the Bavarian district of Berchtesgadener Land and then along the B 21 the north-western border of the Berchtesgaden biosphere reserve . Compared to the inner-Austrian connection between Pinzgau and Flachgau, which follows the course of the Salzach, this route is known as the Kleines Deutsches Eck . It flows through Schneizlreuth , where the Schwarzbach flows into it, and the rather elongated dammed Saalachsee . Both the Saalach power plant and the residual hydropower plant built directly on the dam wall in 2005 are operated with the lake water.
To the northwest of the Berchtesgaden Alps, near Bad Reichenhall , the valley opens up to the Reichenhall basin between the Lattengebirge in the south and Hochstaufen in the north. In the area of the Kretabrücke, the drainage channel of the Saalach power plant and the river bed unite again and the river continues to flow through the Nonnerau and Saalachau towards the northeast.
A little further north in Piding , the Reichenhall basin merges into the Salzburg-Freilassinger basin and the Alpine foothills . Here the German Federal Motorway 8 crosses the Saalach. A little downstream, the Saalach along the German B 20 forms another 11 km long section (to the mouth) the German-Austrian border, flowing northeast through Wals-Siezenheim to Freilassing . For the last 3 km, the Saalach also forms the border between the municipality of Salzburg on the right bank and Freilassing (D) on the left. In this area, crossing the German B 304 or Austrian B 155 (Münchener Straße) is a larger and at the same time the last bridge over the river. As a motorway and therefore motorway vignette-free connection to Austria, it is of great importance for traffic. At the Saalachspitz in Salzburg- Liefering it flows into the Salzach. The confluence is located directly on the state border at 408 m.
Catchment area and tributaries
The catchment area of the Saalach is 1161.4 km². Their tributaries include (l = left, r = right):
- Vogelalpgraben (r), near Lengau (Saalbach-Hinterglemm municipality)
- Schwarzache (r), near Hinterglemm
- Löhnersbach (r), near Hochwart (municipality of Saalbach-Hinterglemm)
- Harhamer Bach (l), near the city of Saalfelden, Uttenhofen district
- Leoganger Ache (l), from Maria Alm near Saalfelden-Uttenhofen
- Urslaubach (r), from Maria Alm near Saalfelden-Uttenhofen
- Dießbach (r), with the Dießbachstausee (mouth at Diesbach , water discharge about 2 km upstream)
- Weißbach (r), near Weißbach with the Seisenbergklamm
- Loferbach (l), also Strubache, Strubbach, Haselbach, Grieselbach , with Strubtal and Pillerseetal from Pillersee
- Innersbach (r), at Kniepass with Innersbachklamm in Reit bei Unken
- Unkenbach (l), from the Sonnberg , at the height of Schütterbad / Unken
- Steinbach (l), at the height of Melleck / Steinpaß , from the Sonntagshorn
- Müßbach (l), near Ristfeucht , municipality of Schneizlreuth
- Weißbach (l), near Schneizlreuth
- Schwarzbach (r), near Unterjettenberg, from the Schwarzbachwacht
-
Hosewasch (l), in the Nonner Au in Bad Reichenhall
- Seebach (l), together with Hammerbach via the Hosewasch in the Nonner Au
-
Grabenbach (r), in the Marzoller Au
- Weißbach (r), through the Grabenbach in the Marzoller Au
- Wasserbach (r) in the Marzoller Au
- Stoißer Ache (l), near Piding
On the lower reaches the Mühlbach (Walser Bach), a diversion from Käferheim via Wals , Siezenheim , Kleßheim , and Rott , the Saalach accompanied on the Austrian side ; on the left (Bavarian) side of the Hammerauer Mühlbach , a diversion from the Hammerauer Werkswehr, which branches out into the Saalach as Hammerbach in Ainring and as Freilassinger Mühlbach in Freilassing.
history
The Saalach played an important role in the salt production in the Bad Reichenhall salt works for over a thousand years. Since the Middle Ages, the saline has obtained the wood for firing the boilers from the forests in the catchment area of the Saalach in today's Austria, mainly the Pinzgau and Tyrol ( Saalforste ). The water of the Saalach was used for the wood drift of the material from the Saalforst. In the area of the Luitpold weir and the Luitpold bridge in the upper town of Bad Reichenhall, the wood was directed to large drift sites in the area of today's New Saline . Parts of the former Trift systems with embankment walls, locks and the large Trift weir at the Luitpold Bridge are still preserved today and are under monument protection. The street names Fürschlachtweg , Im Hammergrund , Im Spitzgrund and Im Großen Grund are still reminiscent of the Trift paths and storage areas from that time. The Trift was not given up until 1911 when the boiling ovens in the saltworks were fired with coal. At this point in time, the construction of the dam at Kibling for the Saalach power plant began.
The smaller route leading from Austria to Germany via the Saalach weir shortly before the confluence was used on September 30, 2015 by hundreds of refugees on foot on the route from Syria and other countries to Germany.
Web links
- Franz Schned, L. Hohenwartner, Claudia Birndorfer: The Saalach. From the origin to the mouth - a cultural area. Euregio Salzburg - Berchtesgadener Land - Traunstein , Regional Management Pinzgau , accessed on March 28, 2009 .
- Bernhard Schmall: Historical course of the river Salzach from the Salzachöfen to the mouth of the Salzach - Part 1: The city of Salzburg , Biological Underwater Research Group of the University of Salzburg (PDF; 732.96 kB)
- Gauge: Siezenheim (waters: Saalach) , in: Hydris online , on salzburg.gv.at
Individual evidence
- ^ TIRIS - Tyrolean spatial information system , Office of the Tyrolean provincial government, on tirol.gv.at
- ↑ a b c d Directory of brook and river areas in Bavaria - Inn river area, page 68 of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment, as of 2016 (PDF; 2.8 MB)
- ↑ Federal Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (Ed.): Hydrographisches Jahrbuch von Österreich 2011. 119th Volume. Vienna 2013, p. OG 139, PDF (12.9 MB) on bmlrt.gv.at (Yearbook 2011)
- ↑ Level in the Danube area: Siezenheim / Saalach ( memento from April 12, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed on February 21, 2013, on hnd.bayern.de
- ↑ Franz Schned, L. Hohenwartner, Claudia Birndorfer: The Saalach: From the origin to the mouth - A cultural area , Euregio Salzburg - Berchtesgadener Land - Traunstein , regional management Pinzgau , on saalacherlebniswelt.com
- ↑ Keyword: Saalach - Article in Meyers Konversationslexikon , quoted from retrobibliothek.de
- ↑ a b c to Saalfelden: In the gravel plain between Viehhofen and Saalfelden no noteworthy waters flow for almost 10 km. After a major diversion, the Urslaubach flows directly at the Leoganger Ache, the Harhamer Bach a few dozen meters above.
- ↑ Franz Schned, L. Hohenwartner, Claudia Birndorfer: Life story of a river (description of the diversions in the Hammerau / Käferheim area), page 2 , in: The Saalach: From the origin to the mouth - A cultural area , Euregio Salzburg - Berchtesgadener Land - Traunstein , Regional management Pinzgau , on saalacherlebniswelt.com
- ↑ The asylum crisis is coming to a head , from September 30, 2015, accessed September 30, 2015, on orf.at