Marzoll
|
Marzoll
City of Bad Reichenhall
|
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Height : | 474 m |
| Area : | 6 km² |
| Residents : | 3394 |
| Population density : | 566 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | May 1, 1978 |
| Postal code : | 83435 |
| Area code : | 08651 |
Marzoll is a district of Bad Reichenhall in the Berchtesgadener Land district in Bavaria . Until the municipality reform in 1978, Marzoll was an independent municipality. With approx. 6 km² Marzoll is the second largest district of Bad Reichenhall in terms of area and population.
geography
Location and structure
The place is located northeast of the center of Bad Reichenhall directly on the border with the Austrian state of Salzburg .
The former municipality of Marzoll was divided into the districts of Marzoll , Türk , Schwarzbach and Weißbach , from which, however, the district of Türk became part of Marzoll as early as 1961 , even if the two districts are still geographically separated.
Place names
- Marzoll (first mentioned in 788 as Marciolas ): A place name from Roman times, which probably goes back to the Latin personal name Marcianus .
- Weißbach (788: Wizinpach ): Bach and place names. It was named after the light color of the rock (from the Lattengebirge ) at the bottom of the stream.
- Schwarzbach (1147: Swarzpach ): Bach and place names. Thebrook owes its nameto the dark water from the moorland at the foot of the Untersberg .
- Türk (1025: Durigo ): The place name probably goes back to the Latin Duriacum , which isbased onthe Roman personal name Durius . The place name means something like Durius's estate .
history
Finds in the local area suggest settlement in prehistoric times; but the real story of Marzoll begins with the Romans . The excavation of a villa with a mosaic floor and the place name (perhaps derived from a Roman personal name) prove the Roman settlement of Marzoll. The settlement survived the migration of peoples and was first mentioned in a document in 790 after the establishment of the Duchy of Baiern in the 6th century when the church ad marciolas was named. The series of the Lords of Marzoll begins around 800 with a "Snelwach". In the last phase of the separation of the Salzburg state from Bavaria in the years 1275 to 1328, Marzoll, only ten kilometers from Salzburg, remained under the rule of the Bavarian duke. Around 1484 the Reichenhaller patrician family Fröschl received the Hofmarksrechte (lower jurisdiction) over Marzoll. The Hofmark included the districts of Marzoll and Schwarzbach, while Türk and Weißbach belonged to the Reichenhall court. The most important member of this influential family is likely to have been Wiguleus Fröschl von Marzoll (1445–1517), who made it up to the prince-bishop of Passau. By 1536 the Fröschl had built a family seat in a new architectural style from Italy, the Renaissance . The palace complex in the form of a cubic structure with four corner towers was the first of its kind in Bavaria.
It was during this time that an important pilgrimage to St. Valentine took place in the Marzoll church. It goes back to a miracle in 1496 in which a child is said to have been cured of epilepsy . The pilgrimage, during which mainly live black hens were sacrificed, reached its peak later in the 17th and 18th centuries and came to a standstill after the Enlightenment .
From 1605 to 1788, Hofmark Marzoll was owned by the Lasser von Lasseregg family from Salzburg. In 1798 the court rights fell to the Electorate of Bavaria . As the successor to Baron von Laßberg, the Barons von Aretin owned the castle from 1834. The Barons von Malsen , who owned the castle from 1837, had the Renaissance domes of the four towers removed and replaced with battlements in the neo-Gothic style (see Hohenschwangau Castle and others) . Possenhofen ). The municipality of Marzoll, which developed slowly in the 19th century , has always been shaped by agriculture. In addition to the cultural landscape, historical farms that have been preserved in particular bear witness to the rural culture that has grown over the centuries. The “Hager”, “Landerl” and “Hoder” properties in Türk are notable examples of the “Salzburger Flachgauhof” type. The designation of landscape protection areas in the 1970s enabled valuable animal and plant species, but also the landscape, to be preserved to this day. With the incorporation of Marzoll into Bad Reichenhall in 1978, the autonomy of the municipality ended.
coat of arms
|
|
Blazon : "Under a golden (yellow) shield head, inside three green clovers lying obliquely to the left, in blue a two-towered golden (yellow) pinnacle castle with a black gate." |
| Reasons for the coat of arms: The coat of arms awarded in 1960 shows Marzoll Castle . The shamrocks come from the family coat of arms of the Barons von Lasser, who held the Hofmark Marzoll from 1605 to 1798 for almost two centuries and were the most important landlords in the main teams of Ristfeucht and Jettenberg . |
Transport and economy
The production facilities of the Mozartkugel manufacturer Reber Confiserie are economically significant . The motorway border crossing with the “Zollamt Schwarzbach Autobahn” located on Marzoller Flur was one of the largest in Europe before Austria joined the EU.
Walserberg border crossing
The border crossing Walserberg ( A1 ) / Schwarzbach ( BAB 8 ) is on Marzoller Flur. The border crossing on the Walserberg near Schwarzbach has always been of supra-local importance . Already in Roman times a road led from Salzburg to Reichenhall via this area. The 1275 fixed boundary line between the possessions of the Bavarian Duke and the Archbishop of Salzburg was in 1328 to the actual border between the Duchy of Bavaria and the archbishopric of Salzburg . There has been evidence of a toll booth on the Bavarian side since 1765. Their seat was the "old toll house" in Schwarzbach. From 1805 to 1939 it was housed in the "New Mauthaus". On the Salzburg side, a customs office only existed from 1803. From 1810 to 1816 the customs offices were closed because the Salzburg region was part of the Kingdom of Bavaria at that time .
In 1816 Salzburg fell to Austria and the customs offices resumed their operations. From 1853 to 1866 there was even a community customs office near the “Röhrnwirt” in the village of Walserberg on the Austrian side. At that time there was also transit traffic through the Small German Corner between the Walserberg and Lofer . After Austria was annexed to the German Reich in 1938, the customs offices were abolished. The motorway from Munich was built on the Austrian side over the Walserberg and the left-hand traffic there until then was abolished. After 1945 the "Zollamt Schwarzbach Autobahn" developed into one of the largest border crossings in Europe . When Austria joined the European Union in 1995 and border controls ceased to exist, it was converted into an internal customs office.
See also: Austrian border crossings to neighboring countries # Germany
Infrastructure
Public facilities
There is a primary school and a kindergarten in Marzoll. The parish of St. Valentin is looked after by the parish priest of St. Zeno in Bad Reichenhall. The heated outdoor pool Marzoll and the wastewater treatment plant of the city of Bad Reichenhall are located in the district of Schwarzbach.
Attractions
Most famous are the Marzoll Castle (interior only accessible with a guided tour) and the parish church of St. Valentin .
literature
- H. Pfisterer: Bad Reichenhall in its Bavarian history. 1988.
- Johannes Lang: Reichenhaller Burgenweg. Association f. Local history Bad Reichenhall, 2004.
- Walter Brugger: Church leader Marzoll. Schnell & Steiner, 1997.
- Albin Kühnel: From the border toll to the internal customs office. 235 years of customs on the Walserberg. A chronicle of the Bad Reichenhall customs office - Autobahn. Bad Reichenhall 2000.
- Peter Wiesinger: The place names Turk and Turks in Bavaria , in: Blätter für Oberdeutsche Namenforschung, Munich 2009.
- Andreas Hirsch: St. Valentin - helpers against the Frais, Marzoll was once a much visited place of pilgrimage , Heimatblätter No. 2, in: Reichenhaller Tagblatt from February 14, 2009.
- Herbert Fröhlich: Marzoll, an Upper Bavarian chronicle . Bad Reichenhall 2008, ISBN 978-3-00-024175-8 .
- Johannes Lang : History of Bad Reichenhall . Verlagdruckerei Schmidt Neustadt / Aisch 2009, ISBN 978-3-87707-759-7 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Unser Bayern , local supplement of the Bayerische Staatszeitung , 1960, p. 44
Bad Reichenhall | On the sermon chair | Karlstein | Kirchberg | Marzoll | Nonn | Schwarzbach | St. Zeno | Thumsee | Turk | Weissbach