Trift facilities (Bad Reichenhall)
The drift systems were used to provide urgently needed firewood for the saltworks in the city of Bad Reichenhall .
The remaining parts of the complex are under monument protection and are registered in the Bavarian monument list under the number D-1-72-114-6 .
history
It has not been finally clarified when firewood for salt production was transported to Bad Reichenhall by means of Holztrift . Archeologically proven are quite large settlements from the Bronze Age and the La Tène period in the area of today's district of Karlstein , whose economic basis was most certainly the brine springs in the valley basin. Before modern systems with steam and heat exchangers were introduced in the New Saline from the middle of the 20th century, salt was obtained from brine by means of boiling . The only available fuels in the past were wood and peat. It is said that the forest and with it the firewood in and around Bad Reichenhall were already exhausted in the early Middle Ages .
The Counts of Plain , however, possessed by the year 1228 in the lower pinzgau extensive Salinenwaldungen that still exists as a hall forests owned by the Bavarian State Forestry , although the areas in Austria are. After 1228 these areas came to the archbishopric of Salzburg , but according to traditional mining law , the archbishops remained obliged to allow logging and to place rafting on the Saalach under their protection against payment of forest interest . Until the 15th century, the Salzburg side tried to end the delivery of firewood to the city.
In 1507, the Bavarian side set up the forest regulations , which spoke of the "eternal forest" and marked the beginning of a regulated forest management through the appointment of officials, the so-called forest masters , and other staff. However, the disagreements between Bavaria and Salzburg could only be ended after an extensive forest inspection and lengthy negotiations through the Mühldorf Treaty in 1529. An essential part of the contract was the forest book , in which the boundaries of the saline forests were defined and which contained all the provisions and guidelines to ensure regular and sustainable felling of wood. The Trift was expressly recognized as a ducal right.
From 1787 to 1802 the Trift facilities in Reichenhall were rebuilt and generously expanded under Elector Karl Theodor . In particular, the fortifications, the Trift Rake, the forecourt, the timber yards and the sawmills were rebuilt and expanded.
The Mühldorf Treaties were valid - with modernizations and additions - until the beginning of the 19th century. The end of the Archbishopric of Salzburg in 1803 and the turmoil of the Napoleonic era, in which the Salzburg monastery territory was Bavarian between 1809 and 1816, made new treaties necessary. In 1829, a new contractual regulation was agreed between Bavaria and Austria with the Saline Convention , which recognized all property rights to the Saalforsten. In return, Austria was contractually granted the old Salzburg law to mine salt on the Dürrnberg under Bavarian territory.
After the Freilassing – Berchtesgaden railway , which from 1866 had its final stop at what is now the main train station in Bad Reichenhall, was extended to Berchtesgaden in 1888 , another fuel in addition to wood could now be transported into the city. From 1892 the firing of the brewing pans in the old salt works was switched to hard coal , and the Elektricitäts-Werke Reichenhall also used hard coal as an additional energy supplier to generate electricity, especially for the emergency reserve. When the construction of the Saalach power plant in neighboring Kirchberg began in 1910, the end of the Holztrift finally became apparent. In 1913 the wooden Trift rake on the Trift weir was dismantled and the Trift canals were partly filled in and the Trift grounds were used as building land.
The saltworks convention lost its validity in 1945, was renewed after a transitional period in 1957 and is still in force today. This is the reason why there are Bavarian forest offices in Austrian territory to this day.
use
Not all of the wood that was delivered to Reichenhall was also intended for heating the brewing pans. In 1792 it says about the Trift facilities in Reichenhall: “Here, more than 20,000 fathoms of firewood, along with the beating required for the Kufwerkawsäge, is rafted for many hours out of the impassable ditches and valleys, drifted in, and carried by the water alone to the place where it is is kept to dry. From there it is brought to the pancake house on wagons, failed smaller, and so brought in front of the furnace, the degree of heat of which is measured by iron pyrometers . ”Around 1860, 15,000 fathoms of firewood, 900 - 1,000 fathoms of construction wood and 3,000 fathoms of kufwood were brought to Reichenhall. From the Kufholz who provided Küfer the Salzfäßl ago, in which the finished salt was transported.
description
At the Trift weir that still exists today above the Luitpold Bridge , where the Long Bridge over the Saalach used to be, the wood on the water of the Saalach was directed into the city with the Trift rake and via a lock weir with nine draw gates ( The nine Dahers ). An extension of the Long Bridge and the Luitpold Bridge led over the Triftbach. This extension was roughly where Thumseestrasse joins Loferer Strasse today. From there, gravel carried along was led back into the Saalach via the sand channel lock and via a channel. Large parts of the wall have been preserved from this canal on the right bank of the Saalach below the Luitpold Bridge. The Trift Canal ran west of today's Triftmeisterweg and followed part of today's Reichenbachstrasse. At the mirror weir, the wood was separated from the water and passed over a wooden grate over the Fürschlacht to the wooden yards. At the height of today's New Saline , the trunks were distributed over the Trift grounds using a sophisticated lock system. From there, the wood was brought ashore, processed and brought to the saltworks in horse-drawn vehicles to fire the brew pans. Excess water from the Trift system was discharged via the Kohlbach, which flowed into the Saalach just above today's Nonner Steg.
The four timber yards Hammergrund, Großer Grund, Angergrund and Spitzgrund could hold up to 27,000 fathoms of firewood on 17 days of work , which corresponded to the wood requirements of the saline for two and a half to three years.
Parts received
Trift weir
The Trift weir is the most striking structure of the Trift systems that is still preserved today. It is located immediately above the Luitpoldbrücke and is therefore also Luitpold military called. The weir, which used to be made entirely of wood, was renewed and rebuilt in the 18th and 19th centuries. The masonry parts, which consist of large blocks of Untersberg marble , are still there today and are in good condition. The wooden rake was removed when the Trift was finally closed at the beginning of the 20th century.
Sea walls
From the bank walls, which mostly consisted of large blocks of Untersberg marble and were two to three meters high, there are still some remains today:
- below the Luitpold bridge on the right bank of the Saalach ,
- southwest of the houses on Triftmeisterweg near the junction from Loferer Straße to Reichenbachstraße,
- in the area of the Neue Saline , especially in the northwest and northeast to the Fürschlacht- and Holzfeldweg,
- in the area of ladder path, especially in the outdoor area of the local kindergarten.
Locks
In the area of the Trift grounds, parts of the locks with which the wood and water were distributed over the Trift grounds are still preserved. One lock is located between Fürschlachtweg and Leitererweg in the outer area of the kindergarten there, two more on Holzfeldweg on the outer border of the New Saline site.
Sea wall below the Luitpold Bridge
Remnants of the wall in the area of the Neue Saline
Lock on the ladder path
Lock with bridge on Holzfeldweg
Street names
Many street names still remind of the earlier Holztrift around the facilities. The Triftmeisterweg and the Triftmeisterau are named after the Triftmeister who monitored the Holztrift on the Saalach . These two streets are located directly below the Trift weir. On the Fürschlachtweg, the wood was distributed over the individual drift grounds. The name of the ladder path is reminiscent of the carters who transported the wood from the Trift places to the salt works with carts . The Holzfeldweg northeast of the Neue Saline is also reminiscent of the time of the Holztrift on the Saalach. The streets Hammergrund, Im Großen Grund and Spitzgrund go back directly to the names of the former Trift places.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Bavarian Monument List, Bavarian Monument Atlas
- ↑ Johannes Lang: History of Bad Reichenhall; Salt needs wood - the Saalforste; P. 271ff
- ↑ a b c d e f Herbert Pfisterer: Bad Reichenhall in its Bavarian history; Saalforste and Holztrift; P. 193ff
- ↑ a b c d e f Fritz Hofmann: Reichenhaller Salt Library Volume III, p. 172ff
- ↑ Johannes Lang: Street names as a mirror of time in the Heimatblätter , supplement to the Reichenhaller Tagblatt from October 28, 2006
Web links
literature
- Johannes Lang : History of Bad Reichenhall. Ph.CW Schmidt, Neustadt / Aisch 2009, ISBN 978-3-87707-759-7 .
- Herbert Pfisterer: Bad Reichenhall in its Bavarian history Motor + Touristik-Verlag, Munich, 1988
- Fritz Hofmann : Reichenhall Salt Library Volume III - The supply of the Berchtesgaden, Reichenhall, Traunstein and Rosenheim salt pans with firewood ; City of Bad Reichenhall 1995