Cooper

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Der Böttcher (from What do you want to become , around 1880)

The cooper (also Cooper , binder , Bender , Schafflerwirt , Böttcher or Büttner called) is a craftsman , the containers and vessels , usually made of wood , is prepared.

Designations

Guild mark of a cooper with the crossed hooks
Cooperage or cooperage
Brand of the Bolzano cooper (Fassbinder) from 1518 ( Bozen city book )
Cooper's workshop Folklore and open-air museum Roscheider Hof
Cooper's workshop Zuiderzeemuseum (Netherlands)

Küfe ( die ) in the original sense denotes a bucket or bucket , then specifically the salt barrel ; The various regional job titles are derived from the various other product names such as barrel, barrel, tub, sheep, tub or Bütte:

  • Fassbinder (also: Binder, Bindter, Pinter), Fassler, Fässler, Fassmacher
  • Böttcher, Böttiger (from Bottich )
  • Böttner, Büttner (from Bütte , Franconia)
  • Schäffler, Scheffler (from Schaff , Bavaria and Palatinate)
  • Küfner, Küffner
  • Kübler (from Kübel )
  • Kuper, Küper ( Low German )
  • Schedler (Alemannic for the measure of measure Schedel )
  • Simmermacher (to measure Simmer )
  • Barrel maker

All of these names are also hollow measures and units of measurement, see the history of measures and weights : There are numerous other names there.

The Weiß- or Feinküfer is a manufacturer of household and small items.

For Swabia and the neighboring Franconia, the term gentner is documented in the 14th to 16th centuries .

The cooperage

In this profession, wooden vessels are made, especially handmade paper and barrels. The bottoms of these vessels are glued together from boards and are given a wide bevel on the outside . The lids of the barrels also have a small hole for the tap or bung at a little distance from their edge. The bulbous walls of barrels are put together from staves . Barrel staves are conical, arched boards in cross-section which taper (narrow) towards the ends, which are bent lengthways and grooves are cut at the top and bottom so that they can hold the lids and bases in place. One of the wider staves has a large hole in the middle for quick filling and emptying of the barrel. Barrels like hand-made paper are held together by iron, formerly wooden barrel hoops that were made by hoop cutter or tape breaker . To seal the grooves on the lids and bottoms and, if necessary, the staves from one another, fleece leaves, the dried leaves of cattails ( Typha ), are inserted.

This technique was already in use in the 1st century BC. Chr. In Gaul known. During the Roman Empire , northern Gaulish and Pannonian wines were mainly shipped in wooden barrels. Stave vessels were common in the northern provinces for storage.

One of the cooper's special tools was the strap hook with which barrel hoops were pulled over the staves.

Today, modern machines are sometimes used to shorten working hours and ensure faster processes. Niche products such as wooden bathtubs or sauna plunge pools are also manufactured.

Customs

Until industrialization , the professions of cooper and brewer or wine maker were closely related, they were even organized in a guild . Regional guild dances of the Binder and Schäffler are the Schäfflertanz in Munich and the Binder dance in Ulm and Bolzano .

The street name Bindergasse is a reminder of the earlier importance of trade in several cities.

As a Catholic patron saints of the Böttcher apply hl. Florian and St. George .

Daubenhauer

The stave cutter was an important supplier for the cooper .

Web links

Wiktionary: Küfer  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Commons : Küfer  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hannes Obermair : The Bozen city book. Manuscript 140 - the official and privileges book of the city of Bolzano . Contributions to the international study conference, Bozen, Maretsch Castle, 16. – 18. October 1996. In: Bolzano from the Counts of Tyrol to the Habsburgs - Bolzano fra i Tirolo e gli Asburgo (=  research on the history of Bolzano / Studi di storia cittadina ). tape 1 . Athesia, Bozen 1999, ISBN 88-7014-986-2 , p. 399-432, here: p. 415 .
  2. ↑ https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Kueper
  3. ↑ Photo of the Bolzano Binder Dance, approx. 1950–60

further reading

  • Petra Gruber: Cooper. In: Richard Loibl (ed.): The secret of the brotherhood. Guild and craft in Passau . Passau 1996, pp. 81-98.
  • Rosemarie Stanke: The cooperage through the ages - a picture of a dying profession with special consideration of the province of Lower Austria. Diploma thesis at the University of Vienna, 2009 ( online , PDF).
  • Kurt Günter Heid: Fassbauer tools, hand tools of this profession. BOD Verlag, Norderstedt 2015, ISBN 978-3-7386-5057-0 .