Daubenhauer
Daubenhauer also stave maker was a traditional wood profession that made barrel staves , i.e. wooden boards for making barrels .
In earlier centuries wooden barrels were a mass product and there was a great demand for staves from the coopers (also cooperatives) who made wooden barrels. Not only wine and beer was aged in wooden casks, stored and transported to other liquids and products (such as herring barrels , barrels of powder , salt cellars, Erdpechfässer ) were used wooden barrels. Today the need for staves is significantly lower.
Woods
A decisive quality criterion was the tightness of the barrels, regardless of whether it was a question of securely enclosing liquids or, conversely, of protecting powder, rusks or salt from rain or seawater. In order to meet this requirement, only fine-pored, firm and densely grown woods and trunks can be used as the starting material . Typical stave wood is oak that is more than two hundred years old from locations where the trees grow slowly. Neither sapwood nor soft heartwood come into question. Today's areas of origin are some locations in the Palatinate Forest , the Hunsrück , the Eifel and the Bienwald as well as mountain locations in the French Massif Central in the Limousin and Morvan .
In addition to various types of oak, the wood of the sweet chestnut is also used for barrel staves.
Manufacturing
Barrel staves cannot simply be sawn; the wood has to be split along its natural fibers by the stave cutter. This split is known as a mirror cut , because the fibers shimmer in the light, while wood remains matt on saw cuts. Only 0.3 cubic meters of barrel staves are obtained from one cubic meter of oak. The typical storage time and therefore the maturation time for stave wood outdoors is three years. During this time, tannins are also washed out by the rain. Only the split boards were then cut with an ax in the past, and in more recent times and today they were sawn.
Current legal situation in Germany
The previously widespread craft of stave cutting (Merrandier in French) is no longer a training profession . The profession of stave cutter represents a craft-like trade according to Appendix B 2 of the Crafts Code. In contrast to the crafts with a licensing requirement, the craft-like trades can be practiced independently without special qualifications - i.e. without a master craftsman or journeyman's examination.
Today's distribution
With the advent of enamelled steel barrels, stainless steel tanks, plastic barrels or coated concrete vats in breweries and among winegrowers, the demand for wooden barrels in Germany and thus the basis for the craft of stave-cutting fell away.
While Daubenhauer still work in France , where many wines are still aged in wooden barrels, in Germany there is only one company in Mölschbach in the Palatinate Forest . The business survived because some German winemakers began to expand some of the wines in barrique barrels .
In France, wood for barrel staves worth 120 million euros and barrels for 400 million euros were sold in 2006. France also exports many barrels to countries where wines are still aged in barrique barrels in the traditional way. Other customers include Portugal for port wine and countries with whiskey producers.
Former stave carving
The Bruchsal HIB Trim Part Solutions GmbH emerged from a large stave carving factory for oak beer kegs founded in 1875. It was known for a long time as the Bruchsal wood industry and, with 1,300 employees, produced applications for vehicle interiors in high-priced cars, such as wood applications for Audi , BMW , Maybach , Mercedes-Benz , Mini , Porsche and Volkswagen .
literature
Film report
- Craft revived. The last stave cutter. Report of the SWR Landesschau aktuell Rheinland-Pfalz , SWR broadcast from March 30, 2016 at 6.45 p.m.
Web links
- Pictures of the staveman's activity in the section Production of wooden barrels in the article Wooden barrel preservation at vitipendium.de ; accessed on March 31, 2016
- Information and pictures on air drying of barrel staves (a little further down the page) on the side of a cooperage ; Retrieved April 1, 2016
Individual evidence
- ^ Silke Böhm, Silvia Große, Michael Jochum, Thomas Letzel, Christian Müller-Schick, Hans-Georg Schmarr, Stefan Seegmüller: Fassholz aus Rheinland-Pfalz , Research Institute for Forest Ecology and Forestry Rhineland-Palatinate 2013, Trippstadt, page 80, PDF page 86
- ↑ Silke Böhm, Silvia Große, Michael Jochum, Thomas Letzel, Christian Müller-Schick, Hans-Georg Schmarr, Stefan Seegmüller: Fassholz aus Rheinland-Pfalz , Research Institute for Forest Ecology and Forestry Rhineland-Palatinate 2013, Trippstadt, page 1, PDF page 7th
- ↑ Dagmar Gilcher: The last of its kind. In Die Rheinpfalz from March 19, 2016, your weekend. At home in the Palatinate
- ↑ https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/hwo/anlage_b.html there section 2, point 19
- ↑ Daubenhauer entry at lexsoft.de ; accessed on March 31, 2016
- ↑ Dagmar Gilcher: The last of its kind. In Die Rheinpfalz from March 19, 2016, your weekend. At home in the Palatinate
- ↑ http://www.daubenhauer.de/ accessed on March 31, 2016
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from March 31, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. accessed on March 31, 2016
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from April 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. accessed on March 31, 2016
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from April 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. accessed on March 31, 2016
- ↑ http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/handwerk-wiederbelebt-der-letzt-daubenhauer/-/id=122144/did=17194282/nid=122144/m6wl09/index.html accessed on March 31, 2016
