Collegiate Church of St. Peter and John the Baptist (Berchtesgaden)

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Berchtesgaden Collegiate Church

The collegiate church of St. Peter and John the Baptist is part of the building ensemble of the Royal Palace in Berchtesgaden in the Upper Bavarian district of Berchtesgadener Land .

Built from the beginning of the 12th century, it was used until the secularization as the " collegiate church" of the Augustinian canons within the Berchtesgaden monastery founded shortly before (from 1559 Prince Provost ). Since 1803 it has acted as the parish church of the Roman Catholic parish of St. Andreas in Berchtesgaden , which is affiliated to the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising in Bavaria .

Buildings and history

From emergency building to Romanesque pillar basilica

According to the historian A. Helm , the first provost Eberwin , commissioned by Berengar I von Sulzbach, had the cathedral built as an emergency building in the first half of the 12th century. An inscription refers to the year 1122, in which the Archbishop of Salzburg, Konrad , consecrated at least a first phase of construction. This was followed in the second half of the 12th century by a more massive construction as a three-aisled Romanesque pillar basilica and probably the first towers, of which there is neither a description nor an illustration. In the middle of the 13th century, the church, as part of the monastery monastery, was expanded to include the very well-preserved cloister , which is well worth seeing , "whose architectural decorations illustrate certain ties between the monastery and the Hohenstaufen monarchy", a vestibule and two towers.

Modifications and additions between the 13th and 16th centuries

Georg Matthäus Vischer : The Princely Stüfft Berchtolsgaden , 1650

The Gothic overbuilding in the following centuries began at the turn of the 13th to the 14th century with provost Johann Sax von Saxenau and the design of a new choir (1283–1303) in the early Gothic style. The church suffered damage when the Bavarian Duke Friedrich, called for support by Provost Ulrich I. Wulp, invaded Berchtesgaden in 1382 and also had the church plundered in order to enforce Ulrich's position in the schism with the opposing Provost Sieghard Waller .

The northern porch was added to the church in 1474 under Erasmus Pretschlaiffer .

At the beginning of the 16th century, Provost Gregor Rainer initiated a “major renovation” and the addition of a “custorey” or sacristy .

After secularization (1803)

In the course of secularization and after the abolition of the prince-provost of Berchtesgaden , which had emerged from the Augustinian canons , the collegiate church replaced the parish church of St. Andreas, which was built in 1397 by the Berchtesgaden citizens . While the church building of St. Andrew is still referred to as the "parish church", the actual parish church, in which all high offices and festive services are celebrated on Christian holidays, is still called the "collegiate church".

The Collegiate Church of affiliated convent of the Augustinian Canons went along with the built in 1180, developed until the middle of the 13th century and still perfectly preserved Romanesque cloister together Kreuzgarten over the House of Wittelsbach from 1810 in the possession. Its relatives still use the building as a royal palace today .

The towers were rebuilt and rebuilt in the 19th century

Romanesque step portal

The Romanesque as well as the Gothic designs by the provosts Johann Sax von Saxenau, Bernhard II. Leoprechtinger and Erasmus Pretschlaiffer have only survived to a small extent. Only the inner stepped portal in the Romanesque style in the vestibule of the main portal dates from the oldest construction period .

It is in particular the numerous renovations in the 19th century that give the church its present-day appearance. Both towers were rebuilt between 1856 and 1864 under the direction of Heinrich Hübsch (1795–1863) in the neo-Romanesque style, each 50.6 meters high. This was preceded by their destruction by lightning strikes. The south tower was hit again in 1596, and the north tower, which was also affected at the time and was soon rebuilt in the Renaissance style to a height of 76 meters, in 1819.

  • Still with two tower stumps (1863)

  • After the tower stumps were demolished (1864)

present

The Collegiate Church is still part of a self-contained group of buildings to which the castle building to its right, the opposite from the 16th century, with its arcades to 1803 as stables serving Hofbau and two arched gates include (south the castle gate , north of the Treasurer bow , later Rentamtbogen , on the right next to the collegiate church, the former Rentamt itself, which served as a stable manager before 1803 ).

former Marstall, Rentamtbogen, former Rentamt, collegiate church and royal palace

Interior

Choir stalls and elders

Inside the collegiate church, only the choir stalls carved by Marquard Zehentner in 1449 have survived as a Gothic inventory.

Choir stalls (re: detail) Choir stalls (re: detail)
Choir stalls (re: detail)

The altars date from the middle of the 17th century, including the marble high altar made by Bartholomäus van Opstal on behalf of the Wittelsbach administrator Maximilian Heinrich von Bayern from 1661 to 1669 , which is similar to that of Salzburg Cathedral . The altarpiece from 1665 (according to A. Helm: 1669) with the depiction of the Assumption of Mary into heaven by the later Viennese court painter Johann Spillenberger (according to A. Helm: the painter Zott) is adorned with a silver antependium by Franz from Augsburg on high feast days Thaddäus Lang from 1735. Lang also created the rococo altarpiece with a silver tabernacle, which is flanked on the left by the patron saints John the Baptist and St. Peter and on the right by St. Augustine and St. Paul. Since the last renovation (1995–98), the side or choir altars of St. Stephen (left) and St. John on Patmos (right), which were removed after the redesign in the 1960s, have been located next to the high altar. Their representations on the altar leaves created by Johannes Zick from 1742 form a theological unit with the high altar.

High altar with side altars

The two side altars of the nave from 1657 and 1666 are consecrated to Saint Sebastian (left aisle) and Saint Augustine as patron saint of the Canons (right aisle).

  • Altar, left aisle

  • Altar, right aisle

During the last interior renovation from 1995 to 1998, “some unfortunate interventions” in the redesign in the years 1963 to 1966 as p. o. the removal of the choir altars of St. Stephen and St. John on Patmos reversed. The people's altar for the celebration of the Eucharist also showed two of three panels from 1549 found in the floor in the mid-1960s. These panels have now been inserted one above the other in the nave wall in front of the altar of the right aisle and together with a gold-clad niche in between a “stele-like wall shrine” for a Bible open behind glass with the respective Sunday Gospel. The plate, which at the time points inside the church and is now attached below, shows Peter with the coat of arms of the prince provost Wolfgang Griesstätter , which formerly turned to the high altar, now the upper part of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit with Mary and the apostles.

Wall shrine

The new people's altar was created by the Laufen sculptor Friedrich Koller and has stood together with the new ambo between the side altars on the raised presbytery since 1998 .

New popular altar with ambo

Tombs

On and in front of the side walls are several tombs of Berchtesgaden monastery and prince provosts , on which they are mostly depicted in high relief and sometimes life-size in their regalia . Most artistically significant is the tombstone on the left choir wall for Gregor Rainer († 1522), which presumably shows him exactly as a portrait under a late Gothic canopy made of branches. The tombstone for Wolfgang I. Lenberger († 1541) on the right choir wall opposite is also elaborately designed. Both were buried in their own tombs in the ground immediately in front of their grave monuments . The comparatively simple grave of the first provost Eberwin is located under a floor slab in front of the people's altar .

organ

The organ goes back to an instrument that was made in 1869 by the organ builder Max Maerz from Munich. In 1969 the organ was rebuilt by the organ builder Carl Schuster (Munich). It has 31 stops on three manuals and a pedal . The playing and stop actions are electric.

Gallery with organ prospect
Disposition of the organ:
I main work C–
Gedacktpommer 16 ′
Principal 8th'
Reed flute 8th'
octave 4 ′
Coupling flute 4 ′
Rauschpfeife II 2 2 ⁄ 3  '
Octave 2 ′
Mixture V-VI 2 ′
Trumpet 8th'
II positive C–
Wooden dacked 8th'
Praestant 4 ′
Schwiegel 2 ′
Chamois fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  '
Zimbel III 1 ⁄ 3 '
shawm 4 ′
III breastwork C–
Wooden flute 8th'
Willow pipe 8th'
Wide principal 4 ′
Tube bare 4 ′
Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  '
Glöckleinton II 2 ′
third 4 ⁄ 5 '
Sharp IV 1'
oboe 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C–
Revelation 16 ′
Sub-bass 16 ′
Octave bass 8th'
Pommer 8th'
Chorale flute 4 ′
Back set IV 2 2 ⁄ 3  '
Bombard 16 ′

Trivia

literature

  • Walter Brugger: Stiftskirche Berchtesgaden (= Schnell-Kunstführer No. 551). 5th edition. Schnell and Steiner, Munich 1995, DNB 944730264 .
  • Manfred Feulner : Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants . Berchtesgadener Anzeiger Verlag , Berchtesgaden 1985, p. 18 ISBN 3-925647-00-7 .
  • A. Helm , Hellmut Schöner (ed.): Berchtesgaden in the course of time . Reprint from 1929. Association for local history d. Berchtesgadener Landes. Verlag Berchtesgadener Anzeiger and Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1973. P. 338 f.
  • Hellmut Beautiful (Ed.): Berchtesgaden through the ages - Supplementary Volume I . Association for local history d. Berchtesgadener Landes. Verlag Berchtesgadener Anzeiger and Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1982, pp. 185, 309 f. ISBN 3-87490-528-4 .
  • Reinhard Weidl: Berchtesgaden Collegiate Church . Ed. Catholic Parish Office Berchtesgaden. Series: Christian Art in Bavaria, No. 9. Verlag St. Peter, Salzburg 2002.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Manfred Feulner: Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants . P. 18
  2. ↑ A. Helm : Berchtesgaden in the course of time, keyword: Geschichte des Landes, pp. 106 to 111, pp. 107–108.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Hellmut Schöner (ed.), A. Helm : Berchtesgaden in the course of time . Keyword: Collegiate Church p. 338 f.
  4. ↑ a b c d Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments: Specialist information former Stiftspfarrkirche St. Andreas and Schlossplatz including the collegiate church. Retrieved April 17, 2009 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f stiftskirche-berchtesgaden.de To the collegiate church: Homepage of the Roman Catholic parish of St. Andreas in Berchtesgaden.
  6. ↑ stiftskirche-berchtesgaden.de Among other things, on the function of the collegiate church.
  7. ↑ List of monuments for Berchtesgaden (PDF) at the Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments, monument number DD-1-72-116-135
  8. ↑ Hellmut Schöner: Berchtesgaden through the ages. Supplementary volume I, 1982, on the cloister p. 185
  9. ↑ Hellmut Schöner: Berchtesgaden through the ages. Supplementary volume I, 1982, on the castle pp. 185, 309 f.
  10. ↑ Hellmut Schöner: Berchtesgaden through the ages. Supplementary Volume I, 1982, p. 311.
  11. ↑ a b Reinhard Weidl: Berchtesgaden Abbey Church. Verlag St. Peter, Salzburg 2002; P. 32.
  12. ↑ Reinhard Weidl: Berchtesgaden Abbey Church . Verlag St. Peter, Salzburg 2002; P. 24
  13. ↑ stiftskirche-berchtesgaden.de Tombs in the collegiate church
  14. ↑ Information on the organ of the collegiate church
  15. ↑ Christian Holzner: Contemporary art in the Berchtesgadener Stiftskirche ( Memento of the original from September 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rfo.de archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Television report for regional television Upper Bavaria (RFO) on February 13, 2013
  16. ↑ berchtesgadener-anzeiger.de Rediscover the sacred in “Fasting the Eyes” , in the Traunsteiner Tagblatt on March 21, 2013; online via Berchtesgadener Anzeiger
  17. ↑ “Fasting to look” in the Berchtesgaden collegiate church ( memento from September 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), PDF file on a contemporary wrapping project from February 13 to March 22, 2013 with the participation of six artists, online at stiftskirche -berchtesgaden.de .
  18. ↑ salz-der-heimat.eu Notes on the project from the participating artist and organizer Peter Karger

Web links

Commons : Collegiate Church of St. Peter and John the Baptist  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 47 ° 38 ′ 1.1 ″  N , 13 ° 0 ′ 13.5 ″  E