List of rulers of Bavaria

The crown of the Kingdom of Bavaria in the treasury of the Munich residence

Older tribal duchy

Agilolfinger
Domination	Surname	Remarks
approx. 548-595	Garibald I.	first proven Duke of Bavaria
approx. 595-610	Tassilo I.
approx. 610-630	Garibald II
approx. 630-640	Fara
approx. 640-680	Theodo I.
approx. 680	Lantpert
approx. 680-716	Theodo II
approx. 711-719	Theudebald
approx. 715-725	Grimoald II.
approx. 716-719	Tassilo II
approx. 719-725	Theodbert (Theodo III.)
approx. 725-737	Hugbert
approx. 737-748	Odilo	had to recognize the supremacy of the Franks in 744
circa 748	Grifo	Usurper, Carolingian , but related to the Agilol fingers through his mother
approx. 748-788	Tassilo III.	788 by Charlemagne deposed

Carolingian kingship in Bavaria

From 788 until the beginning of the 10th century there was no Baier duke. The Carolingians ruled as kings or sub-kings of Bavaria. They sealed documents from this time as kings of Bavaria or sometimes appointed governors (prefects) to exercise their rule .

Carolingian (often in personal union with the Franconian Empire or from 843 the Eastern Franconia )
Domination	Surname	Remarks
788-814	Charlemagne	Exercise of power by prefects Gerold († 799) and Audulf († 819)
814-817	Lothar	as (sub) king
817-865	Ludwig the German The nickname "the German" comes from the first half of the 18th century.	ruling king in Bavaria since 825 and king of eastern France since 843
865-880	Karlmann	as (sub) king
880-882	Ludwig III.	as (sub) king
882-887	Charlemagne	King of Eastern Franconia
887-899	Arnulf of Carinthia	King of Eastern Franconia
899-907	Ludwig the child	King of Eastern Franconia
With Ludwig the child, the line of the East Franconian Carolingians died out

Younger tribal duchy

Luitpoldinger
Domination	Surname	Remarks
907-937	Arnulf I. the Evil one	at times also dubbed the king
937-938	Eberhard
938-947	Berthold
Liudolfinger (Ottonen)
948-955	Heinrich I.
955-976	Henry II the brawler
976-982	Otto I.
Luitpoldinger
983-985	Henry III. of Carinthia
Liudolfinger (Ottonen)
985-995	Henry II the brawler	(for the 2nd time)
995-1004	Henry IV.	the future emperor Heinrich II. † 1024
Luxembourger
1004-1009	Henry V of Lorraine
Liudolfinger (Ottonen)
1009-1017	Henry IV.	(for the 2nd time)
Luxembourger
1017-1026	Henry V of Lorraine	(for the 2nd time)
Salier
1026-1027	The duchy remained vacant for a year. Konrad (I) as the German king de facto duke.
1027-1042	Henry VI.	the later Emperor Heinrich III. † 1056
Luxembourger
1042-1047	Henry VII of Luxembourg
Salier
1047-1049	Henry VI.	(for the 2nd time)
Ezzonen
1049-1053	Konrad I. von Zütphen (* 1020; † 1055)
Salier
1053-1054	Henry VIII	the later Emperor Heinrich IV.
1054-1055	Konrad II. (* 1052; † 1055)
1055-1061	Agnes
Northeimer
1061-1070	Otto II of Northeim
Guelphs
1070-1077	Welf I.
Salier
1077-1095	Henry VIII	(for the 2nd time)
Guelphs
1096-1101	Welf I.	(for the 2nd time)
1101-1120	Welf II.
1120-1126	Henry IX. the black one
1126-1139	Heinrich X. the Proud	also Duke of Saxony
Babenberger
1139-1141	Leopold	also Margrave of Austria
Staufer
1141-1143	Conrad III.
Babenberger
1143-1156	Henry XI. Jasomir god	also Duke of Austria
Guelphs
1156-1180	Heinrich XII. the lion	also Duke of Saxony

Duchy of Bavaria as a territorial state

After Heinrich the Lion was ousted in 1180, Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa transferred Bavaria to the House of Wittelsbach . After the younger Baier tribal duchy was established in 907 , the Duchy of Carinthia was split off in 976 , the Duchy of Merania in 1153 and the Duchy of Austria in 1156 . Finally, in 1180, the Duchy of Styria was also separated. The duchy , which had shrunk to today's Old Bavaria in 1180 , thus increasingly acquired the character of the late medieval territorial state .

1180: Beginning of the Wittelsbach rule over Bavaria, which did not end until 1918
Domination	Surname	Remarks
1180-1183	Otto I. the red head
1183-1231	Ludwig I. the Kelheimer	also Count Palatine near Rhine
1231-1253	Otto II the illustrious	also Count Palatine near Rhine
1253-1255	Ludwig II the severity Heinrich XIII.	joint government over the Duchy of Bavaria and the Palatinate County near the Rhine

1255: First Bavarian state division into Upper Bavaria and Lower Bavaria
Upper Bavaria Domination Surname 1253-1294 Ludwig II the Strict , also Count Palatine of the Rhine 1294-1317 Rudolf I , also Count Palatine near the Rhine 1294-1340 Ludwig IV the Bavarian , from 1314 Roman-German King and from 1328 Emperor in the Holy Roman Empire 1329: In the house contract of Pavia , Ludwig IV ceded the Palatinate near Rhine and the Upper Palatinate to the sons of Rudolf I. In 1628 Bavaria got the Upper Palatinate back, in 1777 Karl Theodor von der Pfalz inherited Bavaria and united the two states to form Electoral Palatinate Bavaria	Lower Bavaria Domination Surname 1253-1290 Henry XIII. 1290-1312 Otto III. , also King of Hungary 1290-1296 Ludwig III. 1290-1310 Stephan I. 1310-1339 Heinrich XIV. The Elder 1310-1334 Otto IV. 1312-1333 Henry XV. the Natternberger 1339-1340 Johann I. the child After Johann's death, Lower Bavaria falls to Ludwig IV.
Reunified Bavaria Domination Surname Remarks 1340-1347 Ludwig IV. The Bavarian Emperor of St. Rom. Rich 1347-1349 Ludwig V , Stephan II. , Ludwig VI. , Wilhelm I. , Albrecht I. , Otto V. Joint government of the sons of Ludwig IV.

In the Landsberg Treaty of 1349 and the Regensburg Treaty of 1353, the six sons of Ludwig IV, who had initially ruled together from 1347, shared their inheritance, which also included territories outside Bavaria, in Upper Bavaria (with Brandenburg and Tyrol ), Bavaria-Landshut and Straubing-Holland (with Holland , Zealand and Hainaut ).
Upper Bavaria Domination Surname 1349-1361 Ludwig V the Brandenburger , also Count of Tyrol and 1323-1351 Margrave of Brandenburg 1349-1351 Louis VI. the Roman , from 1351 Margrave and Elector of Brandenburg 1349-1351 Otto V the Lazy , from 1351 Margrave and Elector of Brandenburg 1361-1363 Meinhard , also Count of Tyrol After Meinhard's death, Upper Bavaria falls to Stephan II.	Bavaria-Landshut Domination Surname 1349-1375 Stephan II with the detention 1373-1379 Otto V. 1375-1392 Stephan III. , Friedrich , Johann II.	Straubing-Holland Domination Surname 1349-1389 Wilhelm I , also Count of Holland, Zealand and Hainaut 1349-1404 Albrecht I and Albrecht II † 1397, also Counts of Holland, Zealand and Hainaut 1404-1417 Wilhelm II , also Count of Holland, Zealand and Hainaut 1404-1425 Johann III. Without mercy , also Count of Holland, Zealand and Hainaut after him the Straubinger Ländchen , the Bavarian part of Straubing-Holland, is divided into the three lines created by the division of the country in 1392, Holland, Zealand and Hennegau are lost to the Wittelsbachers
1392: Division of the inheritance of Stephen II among his sons in Bavaria-Ingolstadt , Bavaria-Landshut and Bavaria-Munich , after they had previously ruled together from 1375-1392
Bavaria-Ingolstadt Domination Surname 1392-1413 Stephan III. the knuckle 1413-1447 Louis VII the bearded 1438-1445 Louis VIII the Younger In 1447 the duchy comes to Bavaria-Landshut	Bavaria-Landshut Domination Surname 1392-1393 Frederick the Wise 1393-1450 Henry XVI. the rich 1450-1479 Louis IX the rich 1479-1503 George the Rich Georg bequeathed the duchy to his daughter, which led to the Landshut War of Succession , at the end of which Bavaria-Landshut fell to Albrecht IV in 1505 , resulting in the final reunification of Bavaria	Bayern Munich Domination Surname 1392-1397 Johann II. 1397-1438 serious 1397-1435 William III. 1435-1441 Adolf 1438-1460 Albrecht III. the pious one 1460-1463 Johann IV. 1460-1467 Siegmund , then Duke of Bavaria-Dachau 1465-1508 Albrecht IV the Wise

Reunified Duchy of Bavaria

image	Surname	Beginning of rule	End of rule	Remarks
	Albrecht IV, the Wise	July 30, 1505	March 18, 1508	united Bavaria in his hand after the Landshut War of Succession ; ensured through the Primogeniture Act of July 8th 1506 that Bavaria was no longer divided in future.
	William IV	March 18, 1508	March 6, 1550	Son of Albrecht the Wise; ruled together with his brother Ludwig
	Louis X.	February 17, 1514	April 22, 1545	ruled together with his brother Wilhelm; had his residence in Landshut
	Albrecht V, the magnanimous	March 6, 1550	October 24, 1579	Son of Wilhelm IV.
	Wilhelm V, the pious	October 24, 1579	October 15, 1597	Son of Albrecht the Magnanimous; abdicated in favor of his son
	Maximilian I.	October 15, 1597	February 23, 1623	since 1597 already co-regent of his father Wilhelm; was made electoral prince in 1623, the duchy thereby became the electorate of Bavaria

Electorate of Bavaria

image	Surname	Beginning of rule	End of rule	Remarks
	Maximilian I.	February 25, 1623	September 27, 1651	Bavarian Duke since 1597, and in 1623 he was elected Elector of the Palatinate .
	Ferdinand Maria	September 27, 1651	May 26, 1679	ruled in the early years under the tutelage of his mother Maria Anna .
	Maximilian II Emanuel	May 26, 1679	February 26, 1726	1692-1706 also governor of the Spanish Netherlands
	Karl I. Albrecht	February 26, 1726	January 20, 1745	from 1742 as Charles VII. also Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
	Maximilian III Joseph	January 20, 1745	December 30, 1777	with him the Bavarian line of Wittelsbach died out
	Charles II. Theodore	December 30, 1777	February 16, 1799	came from the house of Pfalz-Sulzbach ; as Karl IV. Theodor, from 1743 on he was also elector of the Palatinate and Duke of Jülich and Berg
	Maximilian IV Joseph	February 16, 1799	December 31, 1805	like all the following monarchs came from the Palatinate-Zweibrücken family ; became the first Bavarian king as Maximilian I Joseph in 1806 after the elevation of Bavaria to the Kingdom of Bavaria .

Kingdom of Bavaria

image	Surname	Beginning of rule	End of rule	Remarks
	Maximilian I. Joseph	January 1, 1806	October 13, 1825	ruled from 1799 as elector under the name Maximilian IV Joseph
	Ludwig I.	October 13, 1825	March 20, 1848	Son of Maximilian I; abdicated during the revolution of 1848 due to his affair with the dancer Lola Montez .
	Maximilian II Joseph	March 20, 1848	March 10, 1864	Son of Ludwig I.
	Ludwig II.	March 10, 1864	June 13, 1886	eldest son of Maximilian II; was declared unfit for office on June 10, 1886
	Otto I.	June 13, 1886	October 11, 1916	Son of Maximilian II and younger brother of Ludwig II; he was incapable of office from the beginning of his rule, which is why two prince regents ruled for him: Luitpold (June 10, 1886 - December 12, 1912), son of Ludwig I, brother of Maximilian II, and uncle of Ludwig II and Otto I. Ludwig (December 12, 1912 - November 5, 1913), son of Luitpold and cousin of Ludwig II and Otto I. In 1913, Prince Regent Ludwig was declared king; Otto remained in office and dignity until his death
	Ludwig III.	November 5, 1913	November 7, 1918	was Prince Regent until 1913; was deposed in the November Revolution, thus marked the end of 738 years of uninterrupted Wittelsbach rule

Free State of Bavaria

After the deposition of the Bavarian king, the Free State of Bavaria came into being .

For the heads of government of the Free State of Bavaria, see the list of Bavarian Prime Ministers .

See also

• History of Bavaria
• Bavarian division of the country
• Heads of the Wittelsbach family after 1918

Web links

• Genealogy of the Wittelsbach family
• Another list of the ruling families of Bavaria ( memento from October 26, 2009 on WebCite ) (in the WebCite archive)
• History of Bavaria (House of Bavarian History)

References

1. ↑ ... Freising documents date - after the first year when King L. came to Bavaria