Ludwig VIII (Bavaria)
The Wittelsbacher Ludwig VIII. The Hunchback (born September 1, 1403 in Paris ; † April 13, 1445 in Ingolstadt ), also called the Höckiger or to distinguish it from his father the Younger , was Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt in the years 1438–1445 .
Origin and childhood
Ludwig VIII was the only surviving son of Ludwig VII , the bearded, Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt, and Anna of Bourbon . When the Bavarian state was divided in 1392 , Bavaria was divided into the duchies of Bavaria-Ingolstadt, Bavaria-Landshut and Bavaria-Munich under the three sons of Stephen II ; the resulting three Wittelsbach lines stubbornly fought each other in the following decades and the protagonists sometimes faced each other in irreconcilable hatred. In this family dispute, Bavaria-Ingolstadt (initially under Stephen II's son Stephan III., After his death in 1413 under Ludwig VII.) Found itself a coalition of Bavaria-Munich (under Stephen III's brother Johann II and, after his death, among his sons Ernst and Wilhelm III. ) On the one hand and Bayern-Landshut (under Stephen III. Other brother Friedrich and his son Heinrich XVI. ) On the other side.
Ludwig VII distinguished himself in this dispute through a power-conscious approach, whereby he was active through his sister Isabeau de Bavière into high European politics. By marrying her lady-in-waiting Anna of Bourbon, Queen Isabeau tried to strengthen her household power with the help of her brother. The dispute with the ducal cousins of Bavaria-Munich and Bavaria-Landshut, however, required the increasing attention of Ludwig VII, who took over rule in the territorially divided Bavaria-Ingolstadt in 1413 after the death of his father. Ludwig VII had his son Ludwig brought to Bavaria in 1408 after his mother's death. The difficulties of the journey caused the five-year-old severe damage, the "hump".
Co-regent
Meanwhile, Louis VIII became more and more involved in government affairs with increasing age. In 1416 he received the title of Count von Graisbach and represented his father in the 1420s when he was out of the country. In the battles of the Bavarian War in the years 1420-22, which were not very fortunate for his father , he stood by his side and achieved through his personal mediation efforts that his father was released from the eight imposed on him. The inheritance disputes over the Straubinger Ländchen after the end of the Straubing line of the Wittelsbach family were unsatisfactory for the Ingolstadt line, which had to make do with a quarter of the inheritance according to the Pressburg arbitration in 1429. However, in 1439 Ludwig concluded an inheritance with the Munich cousins, but this did not take effect in 1445/47.
Rebellion against the father
The amicable relationship between father and son deteriorated in the late 1430s. The reason for this was on the one hand differences of opinion regarding a general peace in the country (which the son advocated in contrast to the father), but above all the father's support for the illegitimate half-brother of Ludwig VIII, Wieland von Freyberg. The legitimate son, feeling neglected, rose up against his father in 1438 and not only allied himself with Albrecht III. from Bavaria-Munich, but in 1443 even with Heinrich XVI., who had wanted to kill his father in Constance. The conflict led to Ludwig VIII taking his father prisoner in Neuburg an der Donau . As a result, Ludwig VIII himself became Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt, but could not reside for long in the new castle in Ingolstadt built by his father , as he died two years later at the age of 41, two years before his father had been captured.
Ludwig VIII had been married to Margarethe , daughter of the Hohenzollern Elector Friedrich I of Brandenburg , since 1441 , but had no children with her, so that after the death of his father in 1447, Bavaria-Ingolstadt fell almost entirely to Bavaria-Landshut.
family tree
literature
- Ludwig VIII (Bavaria) . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 5, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1991, ISBN 3-7608-8905-0 , Sp. 2194.
- Helga Czerny: The death of the Bavarian dukes in the late Middle Ages and in the early modern period 1347–1579. Preparations - dying - funeral ceremonies - burial - memoria (= series of publications on Bavarian national history . Volume 146 ). CH Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-10742-7 , p. 120–126 (also dissertation, University of Munich 2004).
- Siegfried Hofmann, Theodor Straub: The Duchy of Bavaria-Ingolstadt . Ingolstadt City Archives, Ingolstadt 1980 (exhibition catalog).
- Ludwig Hüttl: Ludwig VIII the hunchback. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-00196-6 , pp. 363-3365 ( digitized version ).
- Renate Kremer: The disputes about the Duchy of Bavaria-Ingolstadt 1438–1450 (= series of publications on Bavarian regional history . Volume 113 ). CH Beck, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-406-10694-3 (also dissertation, Mannheim 1989).
- Sigmund Ritter von Riezler : Ludwig VIII. The hunchback . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, p. 507.
- Theodor Straub: Duke Ludwig the hunchback . In: Bayern-Ingolstadt, Bayern-Landshut. 1392-1506. Splendor and misery of a division . Ingolstadt City Archives, Ingolstadt 1992, ISBN 3-932113-06-3 , p. 41–42 (exhibition catalog).
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Louis VII |
Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt 1438–1445 |
to Bavaria-Landshut ( Heinrich XVI. ) |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Louis VIII |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Ludwig the Hunchback; Ludwig the Younger |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt (1443–1445) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 1, 1403 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Paris |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 13, 1445 |
| Place of death | Ingolstadt |