Bavarian division of the country from 1392
In the Bavarian division of 1392 , the legacy of Duke Stephan II of Bavaria-Landshut, who died in 1375, was divided into the three duchies of Bavaria-Landshut, Bavaria-Ingolstadt and Bavaria-Munich . Since Bayern had already been divided twice before, she is often called "Third Bavarian division " means, even if they did not cover the whole territory of Bavaria, since about Straubing-Holland belonging Straubinger little country was not affected.
history
An initial agreement had been reached with the division of the country in 1376 , which only defined the administrative areas. The driving force behind the division of 1392 was Stephen's son Johann II , who was no longer willing to pay for the costly court keeping of his brother Stephan III. and the Italian policy of Stephen and Frederick to arise. Johann had already tried to divide the country in 1384 and 1387, but failed due to the resistance of his brothers and the Upper Bavarian estates and had to promise to continue the joint governance in 1384 in Aichach and 1390 in Munich . It was not until 1392, with the help of his son Ernst, that he was able to win the city of Munich and part of the estates on his side, which probably feared a war between the brothers, that he finally had success.
The three dukes agreed on a peace treaty in Landshut on October 18, 1392 and set up a state parliament in Munich at which the partition of Bavaria was to be decided. Johann II. And Stephan III. set up a committee of 40 representatives of the knighthood and the cities of Upper Bavaria for this purpose. The aim of the negotiations was to create three fiscally equivalent parts. However, these efforts were thwarted by the fact that Friedrich secured the profitable Lower Bavaria in advance. On November 19, the division was sealed in the Munich state parliament: Bayern-Landshut fell to Friedrich as discussed, Stephan got Bayern-Ingolstadt and Johann Bayern-Munich.
The division into the financially particularly lucrative Bavaria-Landshut, economically less developed Bavaria-Munich and Bavaria-Ingolstadt, which consists mainly of free float on the Danube and in the foothills of the Alps, already bore the seeds of new conflicts. Above all, the disputes between the Landshut and Ingolstadt dukes did not end. Bavaria only came to rest with the reunification of the country after the Landshut War of Succession in 1505.
Development of the sub-duchies
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Straubing Ländchen (until 1425/29 part of Straubing-Holland ) |
Bavaria-Landshut with Upper Bavaria (1363-1392) | ||||||||||||||
| Bavaria-Landshut (1392–1429) | Bavaria-Ingolstadt (1392–1429) | Bavaria-Munich (1392–1429) | |||||||||||||
| Press | burger | Schied (1429) | |||||||||||||
| Bavaria-Landshut (1429–1503 / 5) | Bavaria-Ingolstadt (1429–1447) | Bavaria-Munich (1429–1505) | |||||||||||||
| Bavaria-Landshut with Bavaria-Ingolstadt (since 1447) | |||||||||||||||
| Bavaria (since 1505) | |||||||||||||||
Chronology of the dukes
Bayern-Munich is shown in blue, Bayern-Ingolstadt in green, Bayern-Landshut in yellow and Straubing-Holland in red.
literature
- Beatrix Ettelt: The partition contract of November 19, 1392 . In: Siegfried Hofmann, Beatrix Ettelt (ed.): Bayern-Ingolstadt, Bayern-Landshut 1392–1506. Splendor and misery of a division . Ingolstadt City Archives, Ingolstadt 1992, ISBN 3-932113-06-3 , p. 9-17 .
- Bernhard Glasauer: Duke Heinrich XVI. (1393–1450) the empire of Bavaria-Landshut. Territorial politics between dynasty and empire (= Munich contributions to historical science . Volume 5 ). 1st edition. Herbert Utz Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-8316-0899-7 , p. 37–46 (also dissertation, University of Munich 2009).
- Karin Kaltwasser: Duke and nobility in Bavaria-Landshut under Heinrich XVI. the rich (1393-1450) . Dissertation, University of Regensburg 2004, p. 29–31 ( opus-bayern.de [PDF]).