New Castle (Ingolstadt)

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View from the banks of the Danube to the Palas, which was started in 1479
The New Castle from the northwest
Portal to the New Castle
The portal of the New Palace at night

The New Castle in Ingolstadt is one of the most important secular buildings of the 15th century in Bavaria. The oldest parts of the complex go back to a city castle of Duke Ludwig VII of Bavaria-Ingolstadt from the 1430s. Between around 1470 and 1490, the New Palace was built by Duke Ludwig IX. von Bayern-Landshut and his son Duke Georg expanded the rich of Bavaria-Landshut considerably and developed it into a modern residence. The New Palace now houses the Bavarian Army Museum .

Building history and structure

Since the 13th century, the old castle , now known as the Herzogskasten , served as the residence of the Dukes of Bavaria-Ingolstadt. Duke Louis VII, brother of the French Queen Isabeau de Bavière , spent more than ten years in France. After returning to his residence city of Ingolstadt, he began building a new castle in the southeast of the city around 1430. The area at today's Paradeplatz was already a built-up area at that time. According to a document from 1429, Duke Ludwig VII had several town houses demolished in preparation for his planned new building.

The old Feldkirchner Tor , through which the city was accessible from the east, was to be integrated into the new castle. In 1434, Ludwig VII had a new city gate built a little further north to replace it. It was only from this point in time that the Duke was given the old Feldkirchner Tor for his new building. The New Feldkirchner Tor was demolished in 1874. Remnants of the original wooden furnishings have been preserved on the upper floor of the Old Feldkirchen Gate. The expansion of the former city gate to three living rooms separated by half-timbered walls probably took place in 1434.

The construction work started by Ludwig VII around the old Feldkirchner Tor is difficult to grasp. This area of ​​the later so-called Lieutenancy was remodeled several times until the 19th century and largely destroyed during the Second World War. The predecessor of today's flag house (exhibition rooms of the Bavarian Army Museum) probably also belonged to Ludwig VII's city castle from the 1430s.

After the line between Bavaria and Ingolstadt died out, the region fell to the Duchy of Bavaria-Landshut in 1450. Under Ludwig the Rich, the granary (later: armory) was built on the north side between 1470 and 1473. A round tower is included in the construction at the northwest corner. At the same time, the fortification of the New Palace was expanded. The trench around the facility was dug and a bastion was built facing the Danube.

In 1479, shortly after the death of Louis the Rich, the construction of the palace of the complex was finally started according to what was then an ultra-modern concept. The work on the Palas was largely completed around 1489 and the first furniture was delivered. In the 1490s, Duke George the Rich had the castle towers raised.

The entire complex lies on the edge of the city wall and is designed as a city ​​castle , which, with its deep and wide moat towards the city, offered protection both outside and inside. In the south, the plan of the elongated hall follows the former course of the Schutter . Towards the courtyard, the palace has two smaller corner towers with a square floor plan. A large, square tower connects to the southeast and the so-called pentagonal tower to the northeast.

With the expansion of Ingolstadt into the strongest state fortress in Bavaria, the New Palace was also reinforced in the form of bastions , such as the Donkey Bastion, of which, however, nothing has survived. The beginnings of the castle portal go back to around 1580, with the bell tower not being built until the middle of the 18th century.

inside rooms

Interior of the New Palace, lintel in the garb with monkeys on consoles with leaf masks are provided

Almost all of the rooms were vaulted in the 1480s, and the ducal living quarters are still easy to read. On the ground floor, the ribbed vaulting of the Great Hall is supported by two octagonal pillars , while in the Beautiful Hall the ribs unfold in a star shape from a central column. The frames of doors and windows are decorated with plastic jewelry. Old paintings have been preserved in the castle chapel , otherwise the rooms are plastered white.

Further development and current use

The New Castle in Ingolstadt around 1970

In the 19th century some tracts of the castle were closed or changed, during the Second World War it was badly damaged and had to be provided with an emergency roof. The extent of the damage can still be clearly seen in the partially missing vaults of the armory. After the war and the demolition of the Danube author, parts of the gate were added to the portal of the New Palace.

In the 1960s, the castle was extensively restored and since 1972 it has housed the Bavarian Army Museum, including workshops and restaurants.

In 2015 the Bavarian State Exhibition took place in the New Palace . Since the building had to be renovated beforehand, the part of the Army Museum there was temporarily closed. After the end of the state exhibition, the army museum will move into the same premises again with a newly designed exhibition.

In addition, the spatial environment of the castle serves as a location for numerous events. The highlight is the Ingolstadt Ducal Festival, which takes place every two years in honor of the builders. One of the main attractions is the Ingolstadt City Guard with a large field camp below the castle.

Exhibitions

  • Napoleon and Bavaria , catalog.

literature

  • Christa Syrer: The New Castle in Ingolstadt. Building history and functional structure of a residence of the rich dukes of Bavaria-Landshut . Master thesis LMU Munich 2014.
  • Stephan Hoppe : The residences of the rich dukes of Bavaria in Ingolstadt and Burghausen. Functional aspects of your architecture around 1480 in a European context. In: Alois Schmid , Hermann Rumschöttel (ed.): Wittelsbacher studies. Ceremony for Duke Franz of Bavaria on his 80th birthday. (Series of publications on Bavarian regional history, vol. 166), Munich 2013, pp. 173–200 online version on Art-Dok of the Heidelberg University Library .
  • Christa Syrer: The Duke's "newe veste". On building activity under Ludwig the Bearded in Ingolstadt in the first half of the 15th century . In: Art History. Open Peer Reviewed Journal, 2013.
  • G. Ulrich Großmann (photographs), Hans-Heinrich Häffner (text): New Ingolstadt Castle (= castles, palaces and defensive structures in Central Europe. Volume 9). Schnell + Steiner publishing house, Regensburg 2003, ISBN 3-7954-1391-5 .
  • Frank Becker, Christina Grimminger, Karlheinz Hemmeter: City of Ingolstadt. Ensembles, architectural monuments, archaeological monuments (= monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Monuments in Bavaria, Vol. 12, I.1). Munich 2002, here pp. 373–400.
  • Gerd A. Hits: Sightseeing flight over old Ingolstadt (= pictures from Ingolstadt. Volume 1). Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-960-4 , p. 52f.
  • Siegfried Hofmann: History of the City of Ingolstadt, Vol. 1: From the beginnings to 1505 . Ingolstadt 2000.
  • Siegfried Hofmann: The building history of the Ingolstadt palace as reflected in the received building bills. In: Collection sheet of the historical association Ingolstadt. Volume 88, 1979, pp. 78-109 ; Volume 89, 1980, pp. 25-108 ; Volume 99, 1990, pp. 173-202 .
  • Friedrich Mader (Ed.): Ingolstadt. Verlag Donau-Courier, Ingolstadt 1988, ISBN 3-920253-21-3 , p. 12 f.
  • Franz Dietheuer: “Talking stones” at the Liebfrauenmünster and at the New Palace in Ingolstadt . In: Collective sheet of the Historisches Verein Ingolstadt 92 (1983), pp. 123-144.
  • Peter Jaeckel: Herzogskasten and Neues Schloss In: Theodor Müller, Werner Reissmüller (eds.): Ingolstadt. The ducal city. The university town. The fortress, vol. 1 . Ingolstadt 1974, pp. 221-260.
  • Max Eberhard Schuster: The castle in the Neue Feste zu Ingolstadt . Dissertation TU Munich 1955.
  • Kuhn, Hanns: Small contributions to the city history . In: SHVI 58 (1940), pp. 13-62.
  • Gustav von Bezold, Berthold Riehl (edit.): The art monuments of the administrative district of Upper Bavaria, Part I: City and district office of Ingolstadt. District offices Pfaffenhofen, Schrobenhausen, Aichach, Friedberg, Dachau (= The art monuments of the Kingdom of Bavaria 1), Munich 1895 (1887), reprint Munich, Vienna 1982.

Web links

Commons : Neues Schloss  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schuster 1955, p. 10.
  2. ↑ Kuhn 1940, p. 25f.
  3. ↑ The woods used were felled in the winters of 1432/33 and 1433/34. Dendrochronological report by Georg Brütting MA, Dendroscan, January 2014.
  4. ↑ Syrians 2013; Jäckel 1974, p. 244.
  5. ↑ Dendrochronologically dated, see Syrer 2014, pp. 27–29.
  6. ↑ Syrians 2013 a. 2014; Hoppe 2013; Siegfried Hofmann: The building history of the Ingolstadt palace as reflected in the received building bills. In: Collection sheet of the historical association Ingolstadt. Volume 88, 1979, pp. 78-109 ; Volume 89, 1980, pp. 25-108 ; Volume 99, 1990, pp. 173-202 .
  7. ↑ Bavarian State Exhibition 2015 “Napoleon in Bavaria” in Ingolstadt

Coordinates: 48 ° 45 '53 "  N , 11 ° 25' 50"  E