Louis IX (Bavaria)
Louis IX the rich (born February 23, 1417 in Burghausen ; † January 18, 1479 in Landshut ) was Duke of Bavaria-Landshut in the years 1450 to 1479. He was the second of the three "rich dukes" who were Bayern-Landshut in the 15th. Century ruled. In 1463, after a victorious campaign, he concluded the Peace of Prague . In 1472 he founded the University of Ingolstadt , which later became the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich.
Life
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Ludwig was born the son of Heinrich the Rich and his wife Margarete of Austria at Burghausen Castle , where he spent his childhood and youth.
After the death of his father on July 30th, 1450, the 33-year-old accepted the tribute of the estates in Landshut on July 30th, 1450 . On October 5th, he had all Jews in his empire captured. The mortgage notes of the ducal councilors and servants were returned to the exhibitors, and the other debtors only had to pay the capital after deducting the interest already paid. After a week all Jews had to leave the country with their belongings. It was only through baptism that some could escape this command.
On December 16, 1450 he concluded with Albrecht III. of Bayern-Munich signed the Treaty of Erding . This agreement confirmed by far the largest part of the completed Duchy of Bavaria-Ingolstadt , which made Ludwig considerably more powerful than his Munich cousin.
As with his father, Ludwig's famous wealth was mainly based on the possession of the mines in the lordships around Kitzbühel . At his splendid wedding celebration in 1452 he entertained 22,000 guests and 9,000 horses at his own expense for a week.
When a thief was hanged in the imperial city of Dinkelsbühl in the summer of 1456 , who had only been caught in the ducal area, he sent 1,500 horsemen to the city. Ludwig forced an honorable burial of the hanged man and the payment of an atonement of 1,000 guilders. Now he laid claim to the imperial city of Donauwörth , which in his opinion had been illegally expropriated from Ludwig the Bearded . On October 8, 1458, a strong ducal army appeared before Donauwörth, which forced the city to surrender after an eleven day siege.
Emperor Friedrich III. pronounced the imperial ban on Ludwig because of the annexation of Donauwörth in 1459 and transferred the enforcement to the Margrave Albrecht Achilles von Ansbach. Ludwig recognized the Eichstätter Bishop Johann III. von Eych as an intermediary. When the bishop decided against him, however, he declared war on him and the margrave at the end of March 1460. Ludwig conquered Eichstätt and the city of Roth , where on June 24, 1460 a comparison was made with the " Roth direction".
On July 13, 1461, Emperor Friedrich III. the Bavarian Duke the war and appointed Albrecht as Reich Governor. As the Bavarian War, the conflict between the two became a sideline to the Mainz collegiate feud . On July 19, 1462, Ludwig defeated his opponent in the Battle of Giengen ( Giengen an der Brenz ) when he wanted to expand his sphere of influence in Franconia . On August 23, 1462, an armistice was signed in Nuremberg . The peace in Prague , which confirmed Donauwörth as an imperial city, ended the dispute in 1463.
In 1472 he founded the University of Ingolstadt , which later became the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich . In 1474 he issued a new state order. The wedding of his son Georg to the Polish princess Jadwiga in 1475 went down in history as the Landshut wedding . His tomb is located in the Cistercian - Kloster Seligenthal Landshut .
Marriage and offspring
Duke Ludwig married Princess Amalia of Saxony (1435–1502), daughter of the Saxon Elector Friedrich II and his wife, Duchess Margarethe of Austria on February 21, 1452 in Landshut . The marriage had four children:
- Elisabeth (1452-1457);
- George the Rich (1455–1503) ⚭ 1475 Princess Hedwig of Poland (1457–1502);
- Margarete (1456–1501) ⚭ 1474 Elector Philip the Sincere of the Palatinate (1448–1508);
- Anna (* / † 1462).
family tree
Movie
- The tower full of guilders. The rich dukes of Baiern-Landshut . A film by Bernhard Graf , BR 2003
literature
- Helga Czerny: The death of the Bavarian dukes in the late Middle Ages and in the early modern period 1347–1579. Preparations - dying - funeral ceremonies - burial - memoria (= series of publications on Bavarian national history . Volume 146 ). CH Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-10742-7 , p. 154–167 (also dissertation, University of Munich 2004).
- Beatrix Ettelt: The Duchy of Bavaria-Landshut 1392–1479 . In: Bayern-Ingolstadt, Bayern-Landshut. 1392-1506. Splendor and misery of a division . Ingolstadt City Archives, Ingolstadt 1992, ISBN 3-932113-06-3 , p. 81-95 , especially 84-93 .
- Beatrix Ettelt-Schönewald: Chancellery, council and government of Duke Ludwig the Rich of Bavaria-Landshut (1450–1479) (= series of publications on Bavarian regional history . Volume 97 ). CH Beck, Munich (2 volumes, 1996–1999).
- Gerald Huber : The Rich Dukes. Bavaria's golden century . Pustet, Regensburg 2013.
- Irmgard Lackner: Duke Ludwig IX. the empire of Bavaria-Landshut (1450–1479). Princely policy towards emperors and imperial estates . edition vulpes, Regensburg 2011 ( uni-regensburg.de - specialist review by H-Soz-Kult ).
- Johannes Laschinger: Ludwig IX. the rich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-00196-6 , p. 365 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Sigmund von Riezler : Ludwig IX., The rich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, pp. 509-513.
- Beatrix Schönewald: Duke Ludwig the Rich of Bavaria-Landshut . In: Collection sheet of the historical association Ingolstadt . tape 106 , 1997, pp. 9–20 ( digital-sammlungen.de ).
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Henry XVI. |
Duke of Bavaria-Landshut 1450–1479 |
George |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Louis IX |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Louis the Rich |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Duke of Bavaria-Landshut |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 23, 1417 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Burghausen |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 18, 1479 |
| Place of death | Landshut |