Taddea Visconti

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Taddea Visconti (* around 1352; † September 28, 1381 ), one of the hundred thousand gulden daughters of the Milanese city lord Bernabò Visconti , was the wife of Stephen III from 1367 until her death . Duchess of Bavaria.

Life

Taddea was born around 1352 as one of at least 15 children of Bernabò Visconti. When the Bavarian dukes allied themselves with their father in 1365, this alliance was sealed by a double engagement: On August 12, 1365, Taddea and Stephan III became engaged in Milan . von Bayern as well as her younger brother Marco and Stephan's niece Elisabeth , the four-year-old daughter of his brother Friedrich . The further negotiations between Wittelsbachers and Visconti are documented in nine documents from the years 1366 and 1367: In October 1366 a Bavarian embassy won Count Meinhard von Görz as a courtship and clarified open questions in Milan, in November Bernabò sent envoys to Bavaria to conclude the contract who also obtained the approval of the Habsburgs , and in April 1367 the dowry was finally handed over in Milan , which amounted to an impressive 100,000 guilders. Even after deducting the money that his niece Elisabeth brought into his marriage to Marco Visconti, Stephan still had 55,000 guilders, which he probably invested in building up his own rule.

After the negotiations had come to an end, Taddea made her way to Bavaria, where the wedding was still taking place in 1367. After that she lived with her husband Stephan in the various residences of the Bavarian dukes in Munich , Landshut , Burghausen and Ingolstadt and accompanied him on his travels. On September 29, 1376, she was recorded in Augsburg with her husband and his brother Friedrich, who had been Swabian provincial bailiffs since 1374 . On that day, Taddea and her mother-in-law Margaretha von Zollern received a wine gift from the city and took part in an evening dance in honor of the ducal guests. When she returned to Munich in 1380, probably after a long absence, she received a cash gift of 10 pounds from the city council. Taddea died on September 28, 1381 at the age of only 29.

Perhaps Taddea was buried in the Frauenkirche in Munich , but her grave has not yet been found. Her two children with Stephan III, Duke Ludwig VII of Bavaria-Ingolstadt (1368–1447) and Queen Isabeau of France (1370–1435), kept her an honorable memory. Ludwig put them first in the petitions that were to be made in his memory, and Isabeau had them honored in Paris, like the parents and grandparents of the king, with an anniversary . Even today, a richly decorated book of hours from the 14th century in the holdings of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek , bearing the coat of arms of the Wittelsbachers and Visconti, reminds of the connection between the two families.

literature

  • Hans Patze : The Wittelsbacher in medieval politics in Europe . In: Journal for Bavarian State History . tape 44 , 1981, pp. 33-79 , especially 72-73 ( online ).
  • Beatrix Schönewald: The Duchesses of Bavaria-Ingolstadt . In: Collection sheet of the historical association Ingolstadt . tape 113 , 2004, pp. 35-54 , especially 36-38 .
  • Theodor Straub : Bavaria under the sign of the divisions and partial duchies . In: Max Spindler , Andreas Kraus (Hrsg.): Handbook of Bavarian History . 2nd Edition. tape II . CH Beck, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-406-32320-0 , p. 196-287 , especially 214 .
  • Theodor Straub: The five Ingolstadt duchesses . In: Bayern-Ingolstadt, Bayern-Landshut. 1392-1506. Splendor and misery of a division . Ingolstadt City Archives, Ingolstadt 1992, ISBN 3-932113-06-3 , p. 43-50 , especially 43-44 .
  • Theodor Straub: The Milanese marriage of Duke Stephen III. of the Kneißels and The real year of birth of Duke Louis the Bearded and his sister Isabeau de Bavière . In: Collection sheet of the historical association Ingolstadt . tape 77 , 1968, pp. 5-12 ( online ).

Remarks

  1. Because of the amount of her dowry so described by Benno Hubensteiner, Bayerische Geschichte , Munich 1952, p. 126. Likewise Karin Kaltwasser, duke and nobility in Bavaria-Landshut under Heinrich XVI. dem Reichen (1393–1450) , Regensburg 2004, p. 8, note 57 and p. 40, note 201 ( PDF ).
  2. Straub, Teilungen und Teilherzogtenschaften , p. 214, note 3, after Bernardino Corio, Storia di Milano , 2nd volume, Milano 1865, p. 220; Straub, Milan Marriage , p. 7.
  3. ^ Document dated October 7, 1366, Austrian Main State Archives Vienna; Letter from the same day, Landesregierungsarchiv Innsbruck (after Straub, Milan marriage , note 8).
  4. ^ Document dated October 7, 1366, Bavarian Main State Archives, Munich, State Administration , No. 3582 (after Straub, Marriage in Milan , note 7).
  5. Document dated November 17, 1366, Bibliothèque Nationale Paris, Manuscript Français 20780, fol. 351 (after Straub, Marriage in Milan , note 9).
  6. Document of November 13, 1366, Bibliothèque Nationale Paris, Manuscript Français 6537, fol. 19 (after Straub, Marriage in Milan , note 10).
  7. Document of April 10, 1367, Bibliothèque Nationale Paris, Manuscript Français 20780, fol. 350 (after Straub, Marriage in Milan , note 13).
  8. According to Straub, Milanese marriage , note 25a, he released pledges for more than 55,000 guilders and thus received, among other things, the city of Neuburg an der Donau and the customs of Ingolstadt.
  9. Stadtarchiv Augsburg, master builder calculations 1376, fol. 240v (after Straub, Marriage in Milan , note 24).
  10. Munich City Archives, Chamber Account 1380, fol. 36 (after Straub, Marriage in Milan , note 25).
  11. Seligenthaler Nekrolog . In: Monumenta Boica , Volume 15, p. 539 (after Straub, Milanese marriage , note 27).
  12. So Christian Häutle, genealogy of the illustrious parent company Wittelsbach , Munich 1870, p 123rd
  13. Straub, Milan Marriage , p. 10.
  14. ^ Archives Nationales Paris, KK 45, fol. 15, 47, 75v, 106v, 142; KK 46, fol. 7, 131v (after Straub, Marriage in Milan , note 29).
  15. ^ Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Clm 6116 (according to Schönewald, Duchesses of Bavaria-Ingolstadt , note 7). Schönewald calls it her [Taddeas] prayer and hours book (ibid, p. 36), Straub, Mailänder Heirat , p. 11 only regards his origins from one of the three Bavarian-Milanese marriages as certain.