1381

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1381
The Peasants' revolt in England ends with the killing of leader Wat Tyler during the negotiations.
1381 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	829/830 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1373/74
Aztec calendar	5. Feuerstein - Macuilli Tecpatl (until the end of January / beginning of February 4th pipes - Nahui Acatl )
Buddhist calendar	1924/25 (southern Buddhism); 1923/24 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	67th (68th) cycle Year of the metal rooster辛酉 ( at the beginning of the year metal monkey 庚申)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	743/744 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	759/760
Islamic calendar	782/783 (turn of the year March 27/28)
Jewish calendar	5141/42 (September 18-19)
Coptic calendar	1097/98
Malayalam calendar	556/557
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1691/92 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1692/93 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1419
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1437/38

Events

Politics and world events

Holy Roman Empire

• February 1 : The city of Siegen goes entirely to the Princely House of Nassau-Siegen .
• March 20 : The second Rhenish city federation is founded, which includes the cities of Frankfurt, Mainz, Worms, Speyer and Strasbourg. However, in the same year this federation merged with the Swabian federation to form the southern German city federation .
• May 15 : The Franconian robber knight Eppelein von Gailingen is executed by wheels with some allies after a night in Thann Castle in Neumarkt in Upper Palatinate .
• The Mandelsloh feud ends with an atonement.

England

King Richard II meets the insurgents.
(Representation from the 15th century)

• Late May / early June: A peasant uprising under Wat Tyler , John Ball and Jack Straw begins in England .
• June 14 : King Richard II of England listens to the demands of insurgents and peasants in the Peasants' Revolt in London . The next day, the leader Wat Tyler is murdered during the negotiations and the uprising collapses. Individual leaders, including John Ball, were executed a month later.

Iberian Peninsula

• Juan Fernandez de Andeiro mediates a new alliance between King Ferdinand I of Portugal and John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster , who jointly waged the third Ferdinandic War against King John I of Castile and León . However, there was a dispute between the allies when English troops began to pillage Lisbon without being stopped by their commanders.

Sea battle of Saltés

• July 17th : In the naval battle of Saltés, the allied Portuguese and English under the command of Juan Alfonso Tello, VI. Count of Barcelos suffered a crushing defeat against a Castilian fleet under Fernando Sánchez de Tovar . For the time being, this will lead to a predominance of Castile at sea.

Maritime Republics

Venice defeats Genoa in the Chioggia War . In Count Amadeus VI. The Treaty of Turin brokered by Savoy does not completely exclude Genoa from the concert of the maritime republics , but it has to bow to Venetian supremacy, especially in the eastern Mediterranean. Internal disputes between the Guelfs and Ghibellines continue to weaken Genoa. The city of Chioggia will never fully recover from the devastation of war. The local salt industry, which was already in crisis before the war, collapses completely and only covers its own needs. The city's seafarers limited themselves to lagoon and coastal fishing. The city, which flourished until 1379, came under Venetian control in the 15th century.

Balkans

• 1380 /1381: In the battle of dubravnica the troops conquer the Serbian Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović under the commander Vukoslavić Crep over the Ottoman Empire . It is the first military confrontation between the so-called Morava Serbia and the Ottomans.

Byzantine Empire

→ Main article : Byzantine Civil War (1373-1381)

First documentary mentions

• Les Genevez is first mentioned in a document.

society

The Breton Duke Johann V founds the Hermelin Order . It is the only knightly order that allows women to become members.

Born

Date of birth saved

• January 13 : Colette von Corbie , French abbess of the Poor Clares, Catholic saint († 1447 )
• October 13 : Thomas Fitzalan , English nobleman († 1415 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• before October 27: Elisabeth von der Pfalz , Duchess of Austria († 1408 )
• Giovanni Cavalcanti , Italian historian († around 1451)
• Jacob of Paradise , Roman Catholic theologian, monk and author († 1465 )
• Jean I , Duke of Bourbon († 1434 )
• Laurentius von Ratibor , Silesian astronomer, mathematician and theologian († 1448 )
• Leonhard von Laiming , Prince-Bishop of Passau († 1451 )
• Peter III von Rosenberg , Bohemian nobleman († 1406 )
• Rita von Cascia , Catholic saint († 1447 )
• Shōtetsu , Japanese monk and poet († 1459 )
• Taccola , Italian engineer, artist and civil servant of the city of Siena († 1453 )
• Agnes von Tengen , Abbess of Buchau († 1426 )

Born around 1381

• John Stewart , Scottish nobleman and military man († 1424 )

Died

Date of death secured

• January 3 : Marquard I. von Randeck , Bishop of Augsburg and Patriarch of Aquileja (* around 1300 )
• January 6 : Gilbert de Umfraville , English nobleman (* 1310 )
• February 1st : Konrad von dem Eichhorn , Mayor of the imperial city of Aachen
• March 11 : . John II , Count of Saarbrücken (* 1310 / 1313 )
• March 24 : Catherine of Sweden , Abbess of Vadstena and daughter of Bridget of Sweden (* 1331 / 1332 )
• May 15 : Eppelein von Gailingen , Franconian robber baron (* around 1320 )
• May 21 : Friedrich der Strenge , Landgrave of Thuringia and Margrave of Meißen (* 1332 )
• June 6th : Melchior von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen , Bishop of Osnabrück and Schwerin (* 1341 )
• June 14 : Simon Sudbury , Bishop of London, Archbishop of Canterbury and Chancellor of England (* around 1316 )
• June 15th : Wat Tyler , English peasant leader
• June 26th : Geoffrey Lister , English rebel
• July 5 : Beatrice of Portugal , Infanta of Portugal and Countess of Alburquerque (* around 1347 )
• July 15 : John Ball , English priest and insurgent (* 1335 )
• July 21 : Conrad VI. von Haimberg , Bishop of Regensburg
• August 1st : Jakob Pleskow , Mayor of Lübeck (* around 1323 )
• August 5th : Leopold von Sturmberg , Bishop of Freising
• August 23 : Jakob Colyn , Mayor of the Imperial City of Aachen
• August 27 : Simone Borsano , Archbishop of Milan and Cardinal (* around 1310 )
• September 11th : Almaric St Amand , English nobleman, military man and civil servant (* 1314 )
• September 28 : Taddea Visconti , Duchess of Bavaria (* around 1352 )
• October 16 : Withego II. Hildbrandi , Bishop of Naumburg
• November 19 : Thomas von Frignano , Franciscan General Minister, Patriarch of Grado and Cardinal (* around 1305 )
• December 2 : Jan van Ruysbroek , Flemish medieval theologian and mystic (* 1293 )
• December 27th : Edmund Mortimer , English nobleman (* 1352 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Gaston de Béarn , heir to Foix and Béarn (* around 1365 )
• Robert Hales , Prior of the Order of St. John and Chancellor of the Exchequer of England (* around 1325 )
• Johann II. , Count of Blois and Dunois (* around 1345 )
• Wenzel I , Duke of Troppau (* around 1361 )

Web links

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