Johann V (Brittany)
Johann V. KG called the Conqueror ( le Conquérant ) or the Brave ( le Vaillant ), (* 1339 ; † November 1, 1399 in Nantes ) was a Duke of Brittany , Count of Montfort-l'Amaury and Earl of Richmond .
He was the son of Duke John IV of Brittany and Johanna of Flanders .
Especially in France, John the Conqueror is usually given the ordinal number "IV.", Since his father was not recognized as Duke of Brittany by the French king. The father is therefore simply called "Johann von Montfort" in France and the numbering is shifted back by one number, which often leads to confusion in the historical literature.
Life
Johann grew up at the court of the English King Edward III. because in the Duchy of Brittany, which he claimed, his cousin Johanna von Dreux and her husband Karl von Blois ruled as a result of the War of the Breton Succession . In the Peace of Brétigny (1360) he was returned to the county of Montfort . In 1364 Johann landed on the coast of Brittany with English support and won a final victory over Karl von Blois in the battle of Auray , who was killed in the process. Johanna therefore had to give up her claims to Brittany and in the first Treaty of Guérande (April 12, 1365) recognized Johann V as the sole ruler of the duchy.
King Charles V of France also recognized John. He hoped to win him over to his side in the Hundred Years War . However, Johann remained loyal to the alliance with England and received the English county of Richmond in return, but triggered a civil war with his francophone vassals, above all Oliver de Clisson . In 1373, the King of France sent an army under Bertrand du Guesclin to Brittany, whereupon Johann fled to England. The attempt of the king to unite Brittany as a settled fiefdom with the crown domain in 1378 , however, led to a "national" outrage of the Breton barons, which in 1379 made a return of John possible. In the second treaty of Guérande (1381) he was again recognized as duke and from then on stood with France, which had meanwhile cost him Richmond. He initially continued the feud against Oliver de Clisson, which he only ended with a reconciliation in 1395.
Johann was considered a knightly and powerful figure. He has been described as energetic and clever, but also sly. He drove the development of a central administration and a functioning tax system in Brittany. Based on the English Order of the Garter , Johann founded the Breton Order of Ermine in 1381 . He is buried in the cathedral of Nantes .
Marriages and offspring
He was married three times. In his first marriage he married Maria Plantagenet (* 1344, † 1362), daughter of King Edward III. from England. After her death, he married Johanna Holland, (* 1350; † 1384), daughter of Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent and Johanna von Kent . After she died, he married Johanna von Navarre (* 1370, † 1437), daughter of King Charles II of Navarre, in his third marriage . While his first two marriages were childless, he and Joan of Navarre had the following eight children:
- Johanna (born August 12, 1387 in Nantes, † December 7, 1388);
- Johann VI. (* 1389; † 1442), Duke of Brittany, Count of Montfort
- Marie (February 18, 1391 - December 18, 1446), ∞ Duke John I of Alençon
- Margarethe (* 1392; † April 13, 1428), ∞ with Alain IX. de Rohan
- Arthur III , named by Richmond (* 1393; † 1458), Constable of France , Duke of Brittany, Count of Montfort
- Gilles (1394--19 July 1412)
- Richard (* 1395; † June 2, 1438 in Clisson), Count of Etampes
- Blanche (* 1397; † 1419), ∞ Count Johann IV. Von Armagnac
Web links
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Johann IV. |
Count of Montfort 1360-1399 |
Johann VI. |
|
Charles of Blois (de iure uxoris) |
Duke of Brittany 1364-1399 |
Johann VI. |
| John of Ghent |
Earl of Richmond 1372-1380 |
John of Lancaster |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Johann V. |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | John the Conqueror; John the Brave |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Duke of Brittany (1364-1399) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1339 |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 1, 1399 |
| Place of death | Nantes |