Connétable of France
Connétable of France , German : Konnetabel ( French Connétable de France , from Latin comes stabuli , from it French comte des étables "Count of the stables", stable master ; see also : Constable ) was one of the highest major offices in France for several centuries .
history
The stable master was initially in charge of the stables, then of the royal cavalry. Later his area of responsibility expanded: after the abolition of the Seneschal of France ( Sénéchal de France ) in 1191 as the highest court office, he became the commander-in-chief of the royal army (Kronfeldherr) after the king. The Connétable and his military deputy, the General-Marshal ( Maréchal général des camps et armées du roi ), also acted as supreme court lords. They commanded the police force of the Connétablie and Maréchaussée , a forerunner of the French gendarmerie founded in 1373 . The Connétables added a sword-bearing hand coming from a cloud to their coat of arms on the left and right.
Under Cardinal Richelieu the office of connétable of France was abolished by royal decree in January 1627 because it was connected with too much power, which stood in conflict with the claim to omnipotence of the absolutist rulers. His powers were intermittently transferred to the deputy, the newly created office of General Marshal in the late 16th century .
List of connétables of France
- 1060 Aubry de Montmorency ( list of the Montmorency tribe )
- 1065 Baudry
- 1069 Gauthier
- Thibaud, † 1071 (see tribe list of the Montmorency )
- 1071 Aleaume
- around 1080 Adam de L'Isle-Adam
- 1090 Dreux
- around 1107 Gasce or Gaston de Chaumont, seigneur de Poissy
- around 1115 Guy
- around 1118 Hugues de Chaumont, called le Borgne ( House Beaumont-sur-Oise )
- 1138 Mathieu I. de Montmorency , † 1160 (family list of Montmorency )
- 1150 Simon III. de Neauphle-le-Château
- 1164 Raoul I. le Roux , Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis , † 1191 before Acre ( Third Crusade )
- 1193 Dreux IV. De Mello , seigneur de Saint-Bris, † 1218, cousin of Raoul I de Clermont
- 1219 Mathieu II. De Montmorency , called le Grand Connétable , grandson of Mathieu I de Montmorency, † 1230 ( list of the Montmorency family )
- 1230 Amaury VII , Count of Montfort , † 1241, nephew of Mathieu II. De Montmorency
- 1239 Humbert V. de Beaujeu , † 1250, nephew of Mathieu II. De Montmorency
- 1248 Gilles de Trazegnies , † after 1272
- 1250 Guichard V. de Beaujeu , † 1265
- 1277 Humbert II. De Beaujeu , Seigneur de Montpensier, † 1285, cousin of Guichard V. de Beaujeu
- 1285 Raoul II. De Clermont , Seigneur de Nesle , † 1302, great-great-nephew of Raoul I de Clermont
- 1302 Gaucher V. de Châtillon , Count of Porcéan , † 1329
- 1329 Raoul I. de Brienne , Count of Eu , Count of Guînes , † 1344 ( House of Brienne )
- 1344 Raoul II. De Brienne , Count of Eu , † 1350, son of Raoul I de Brienne
- 1350 Charles de la Cerda , dit d'Espagne, Count of Angoulême , † 1354
- 1354 Jacob I of Bourbon , Count of La Marche , † 1362
- 1356 Gautier VI. , Count of Brienne , titular duke of Athens , † 1356, grandson of Gaucher V. de Châtillon, brother-in-law of Raoul II. De Brienne
- 1356 Robert de Fiennes , called Moreau , † 1370
- 1370 Bertrand du Guesclin , Duke of Molina, † 1380
- 1380 Olivier V. de Clisson , Count of Porhoët , until 1392
- 1392 Philippe d'Artois , Count of Eu , † 1397
- 1397 Louis de Sancerre , seigneur de Bomiers, † 1402
- 1402 Charles I. d'Albret , Count of Dreux , † 1415
- 1412 Valeran III. de Luxembourg , Count of Ligny and Saint-Pol , † 1415
- 1413 Charles I. d'Albret , Count of Dreux , † 1415 at the Battle of Azincourt
- 1415 Bernard VII , Count of Armagnac , † 1418
- 1415 Charles II. Duke of Lorraine , † 1431 by Queen Isabeau appointed
- 1424 John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Buchan , † 1424
- 1424 Arthur , Earl of Richmond , 1457 Duke of Brittany , called Connétable de Richemont , † 1458
- 1465 Ludwig von Luxemburg , Count of Saint-Pol , † 1475
- Charles de Ventadour , Comte de Ventadour , † 1486 ( House Comborn )
- 1483 Johann II , Duke of Bourbon , † 1488
- 1515 Charles de Bourbon, Count of Montpensier , † 1527, Duc de Bourbonnais (called de Bourbon ), Peer of France
- 1538 Anne de Montmorency , † 1567, Seigneur de Montmorency et de Damville , since 1551 Duke of Montmorency and Peer of France, First Baron of France, Grand Master of France, Marshal of France
- 1593 Henri I. de Montmorency , † 1614, Seigneur de Damville , later Duke of Montmorency and Peer of France, Marshal of France
- 1614 Claude de La Châtre , baron de La Maisonfort, † 1614
- 1621 Charles d'Albert , † 1621, Seigneur , then Duc de Luynes and Peer of France, Marquis d'Albert , Grand Fauconnier de France (Great Falconer of France)
- 1622 François de Bonne , † 1626, Seigneur de Lesdiguières et du Glaizil , later Duke of Lesdiguières, peer and marshal of France , the last connétable of France
literature
- Dictionnaire des marechaux de France du moyen age a nos jours. Perrin, Paris 2001, ISBN 2-262-01735-2 .
- Jean Favier , Dictionnaire de la France médiévale , Fayard, 1993, pp. 304-306
