Pair of France
The title Pair ( French Pair de France from Latin par 'equal' ) has been used since the 13th century to describe politically privileged high nobility in France . The English form is peer . The status of a pair of France was the highest in the French nobility and was bestowed by the king . The title was first abolished in 1789 at the beginning of the French Revolution . The chamber of peers , however, was replaced with the Charter of 1814 during the Restoration of the Bourbonsreintroduced. In 1831 the hereditary title was abolished, but the peerage continued to exist during the owner's lifetime until the title was finally abolished in the February Revolution of 1848 .
history
Originally, the term pares described the totality of all vassals of a feudal lord, regardless of their rank and actual power. In the France of the early Capetian kings , the vassals of the crown achieved an almost sovereign, prince-like position vis-à-vis kingship and stood outside of royal jurisdiction . But when the monarchy began to prevail over feudal structures in France in the second half of the 12th century and vassals could now also be cited before the royal court, the most powerful of the royal vassals claimed special legal treatment that was clearly different from that of the less had to demarcate the mighty “lower” nobility.
The grouping of pares regni 'Pairs of royal dignity' , or pares Franciae 'Pairs of France' was formed . The Count of Champagne was first mentioned as such in 1180 . The prominent position of these pairs was made clear, among other things, by the transfer of special tasks at royal coronations, and this remained one of their most important characteristics until the end of the Ancien Régime . Another early assignment was her role as an assessor in the feudal court of the French kings.
By 1216 there were nine pairs. These were the Archbishop of Reims , as well as the Bishops of Langres , Beauvais , Châlons-en-Champagne and Noyon . The pair rank of these persons was not based on their spiritual dignity, but rather on their secular offices as counts of their dioceses. They received these counties as fiefs from the crown. The other pairs were the dukes of Normandy , Burgundy and Guyenne / Aquitaine, as well as the Count of Champagne .
A few years later (before 1228) three pairs were added, bringing their number to twelve. They were often compared to the twelve "paladins" of Charlemagne from the Chansons de geste , which were very popular at the time. In fact, these stories were so closely associated with the rank of the Pairs of France that for a long time people thought it was from the time of Charlemagne. The three pairs added before 1228 were the Bishop of Laon and the Counts of Flanders and Toulouse .
After three secular pair titles (Normandy, Toulouse and Champagne) had risen in the crown by the later 13th century, three new pairs were created in 1297 with Artois, Anjou and Bretagne to replace them. In the following centuries, the limit of 12 pairs was removed until they reached a total of 25. A difference was made between the 12 “old” and the 13 “new” pair titles. Only the old had specific tasks at the coronation.
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The meeting room of the Chambre des Pairs in the Palais du Luxembourg (1841)
The 7th Marquis de Vibraye in the blue and white uniform of a member of the Chambre des Pairs
From 1814 to 1848 the Pairs were members of the 1st Chamber ( Chambre des Pairs ) of the French Parliament .
The years given below for the expiry of membership of the Pairs of France do not necessarily have to coincide with the expiry of the associated nobility.
The "old" pairs
| title | year | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Duke of Reims | before 1216 | held by the Archbishop of Reims |
| Duke of Langres | before 1216 | held by the Bishop of Langres |
| Duke of Normandy | before 1216 | lost 1203 |
| Duke of Burgundy | before 1216 | merged in 1361 |
| Duke of Aquitaine | before 1216 | lost 1203 |
| Count of Beauvais | before 1216 | held by the Bishop of Beauvais |
| Count of Châlons | before 1216 | held by the Bishop of Châlons |
| Count of Noyon | before 1216 | held by the Bishop of Noyon |
| Count of Champagne | before 1216 | merged 1316 |
| Duke of Laon | before 1228 | held by the Bishop of Laon |
| Count of Toulouse | before 1228 | merged in 1271 |
| Count of Flanders | before 1228 | ceded to Spain in 1531 |
The "new" pairs (1259–1789)
13th Century
| title | year | Title holder | abolition | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duke of Guyenne | 1259 | England ( House Plantagenet ) | lost 1369 | also lost 1294-1303 and 1347-1360 |
| Count of Anjou | 1297 | Royal family | merged 1328 | for Karl , brother of King Philip IV. |
| Count of Artois | 1297 | Artois (royal family) | ceded to Spain in 1526 | |
| Duke of Brittany | 1297 | Dreux (royal family) | merged in 1532 |
14th Century
| title | year | Title holder | abolition | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count of Poitou | 1314 | Royal family | merged 1316 | for Philipp , brother of King Ludwig X. |
| Count of La Marche | 1316 | Royal family | extinguished in 1321 | for Karl , brother of King Philip V. |
| Count of Evreux | 1316 | Évreux (royal family) | exchanged 1404 | |
| Count of Angoulême | 1317 | Évreux (royal family) | exchanged 1404 | |
| Count of La Marche | 1321 | Bourbon (royal family) | lost 1527 | |
| Count of Etampes | 1327 | Évreux (royal family) | submitted 1381 | |
| Duke of Bourbon | 1327 | Bourbon (royal family) | lost 1527 | |
| Count of Beaumont-le-Roger | 1328 | Artois (royal family) | lost in 1331 | |
| Earl of Maine | 1331 | Royal family | merged in 1350 | for Johann , son of King Philip VI. |
| Duke of Normandy | 1332 | Royal family | merged in 1350 | for Johann , son of King Philip VI. |
| Duke of Orléans | 1344 | Royal family | extinguished in 1392 | for Philip , son of King Philip VI. |
| Count of Valois | 1344 | Royal family | extinguished in 1392 | for Philip , son of King Philip VI. |
| Count of Nevers | 1347 | royal family, Flandres | extinguished in 1383 | for Margarete , daughter of King Philip V. |
| Count of Mantes | 1353 | Évreux (royal family) | exchanged 1404 | |
| Count of Beaumont-le-Roger | 1354 | Évreux (royal family) | exchanged 1404 | |
| Duke of Normandy | 1355 | Royal family | merged 1364 | for Karl , son of King Johann II. |
| Duke of Anjou | 1356 | Royal family | extinguished in 1481 | for Ludwig , son of King Johann II. |
| Count of Poitou | 1357 | Royal family | exchanged 1360 | for Johann , son of King Johann II. |
| Count of Mâcon | 1359 | Royal family | exchanged 1360 | for Johann , son of King Johann II. |
| Earl of Maine | 1360 | Royal family | extinguished in 1481 | for Ludwig , son of King Johann II. |
| Duke of Berry | 1360 | Royal family | extinguished in 1416 | for Johann , son of King Johann II. |
| Duke of Auvergne | 1360 | Royal family | extinguished in 1521 | for Johann , son of King Johann II. |
| Duke of Touraine | 1360 | Royal family | exchanged 1363 | for Philip , son of King John II. |
| Duke of Burgundy | 1363 | Royal family | extinguished in 1477 | for Philip , son of King John II. |
| Count of Poitou | 1369 | Royal family | extinguished in 1417 | for Johann , son of King Johann II. |
| Baron of Montpellier | 1371 | Évreux (royal family) | lost 1382 | |
| Duke of Touraine | 1386 | Royal family | exchanged 1392 | for Ludwig , brother of King Karl VI. |
| Duke of Orléans | 1392 | Royal family | merged in 1498 | for Ludwig , brother of King Karl VI. |
| Count of Valois | 1392 | Royal family | elevated to duchy in 1406 | for Ludwig , brother of King Karl VI. |
| Duke of Guyenne | after 1392 | Royal family | extinguished in 1401 | for Karl (1392–1401), son of King Karl VI. |
| Count of Périgord | 1399 | Orléans (royal family) | sold 1397 |
15th century
| title | year | Title holder | abolition | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duke of Guyenne | after 1400 | Royal family | extinguished in 1415 | for Ludwig , son of King Karl VI. |
| Duke of Touraine | 1401 | Royal family | extinguished in 1416 | for Johann , son of King Charles VI. |
| Duke of Alençon | 1404 | Alençon (royal family) | extinguished in 1525 | lost 1458–1461, 1474–1476 and 1482–1483 |
| Count of Soissons | 1404 | Orléans (royal family) | merged in 1498 | for Ludwig , brother of King Karl VI. |
| Baron de Coucy | 1404 | Orléans (royal family) | merged in 1498 | for Ludwig , brother of King Karl VI. |
| Duke of Nemours | 1404 | Évreux (royal family) | extinguished in 1503 | |
| Castellan of Châtillon | 1404 | ?? | ?? | |
| Count of Rethel | 1405 | Burgundy | extinguished in 1415 | |
| Duke of Valois | 1406 | Royal family | merged in 1498 | for Ludwig , brother of King Karl VI. |
| Count of Mortagne | 1407 | Royal family | extinguished in 1416 | for Johann , son of King Charles VI. |
| Count of Mortain | 1407 | Évreux (royal family) | lost 1408 | |
| Castellan of Evry-le-Châtel | 1408 | ?? | ?? | |
| Castellan of Jouy-le-Châtel | 1408 | ?? | ?? | |
| Count of Mortain | 1414 | Royal family | extinguished in 1415 | for Ludwig , son of King Karl VI. |
| Duke of Berry | 1416 | Royal family | extinguished in 1417 | for Johann , son of King Charles VI. |
| Duke of Touraine | 1416 | Royal family | merged 1422 | for Karl , son of King Karl VI. |
| Duke of Berry | 1419 | Royal family | merged 1422 | for Karl , son of King Karl VI. |
| Duke of Touraine | 1423 | Douglas | extinguished in 1424 | |
| Count of Evreux | 1427 | Stewart | exchanged after 1428 | |
| Count of Saintonge | 1428 | ?? | ?? | |
| Duke of Normandy | 1436 | Royal family | extinguished in 1436 | for Philip, son of King Charles VII. |
| Duke of Guyenne | 1436 | Royal family | extinguished in 1436 | for Philip, son of King Charles VII. |
| Count of Foix | 1458 | Foix, Albret, Bourbon | merged 1589 | |
| Count of Eu | 1458 | Artois (royal family), Burgundy, Kleve, Lorraine-Guise, Orléans, Bourbon | expired in 1775 | |
| Count of Nevers | 1459 | Burgundy (royal family) | extinguished in 1464 | |
| Duke of Berry | 1461 | Royal family | exchanged 1465 | for Karl , brother of King Ludwig XI. |
| Count of Nevers | 1464 | Burgundy (royal family) | extinguished in 1491 | |
| Duke of Normandy | 1465 | Royal family | exchanged 1469 | for Karl , brother of King Ludwig XI. |
| Count of Mortain | 1465 | Royal family | extinguished in 1474 | for Karl , brother of King Ludwig XI. |
| Duke of Guyenne | 1469 | Royal family | extinguished in 1474 | for Karl , brother of King Ludwig XI. |
| Count of Villefranche | 1480 | Aragon | extinguished ??? | |
| Duke of Valois | 1498 | Angoulême (royal family) | merged in 1515 |
16th Century
| title | year | Title holder | abolition | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count of Nevers | 1505 | Kleve | elevated to duchy in 1538 | |
| Countess of Soissons | 1505 | Royal family | merged in 1515 | for Claude , daughter of King Ludwig XII. |
| Baroness de Coucy | 1505 | Royal family | merged in 1515 | for Claude , daughter of King Ludwig XII. |
| Duke of Nemours | 1507 | Foix | extinguished in 1512 | |
| Duchess of Angoulême | 1515 | Savoy | extinguished in 1532 | for Luise of Savoy , mother of King Franz I. |
| Duchess of Anjou | 1515 | Savoy | extinguished in 1532 | for Luise of Savoy , mother of King Franz I. |
| Duke of Vendôme | 1515 | Bourbon (royal family) | merged 1589 | |
| Duke of Châtellherault | 1515 | Bourbon (royal family) | lost 1527 | |
| Duchess of Valois | 1516 | Orléans (royal family) | extinguished in 1520 | |
| Duchess of Berry | 1517 | Orléans (royal family) | extinguished in 1549 | |
| Duke of Nemours | 1524 | Savoy | extinguished in 1652 | for Luise of Savoy , mother of King Francis I , transferred to Luise's brother in 1528. |
| Duchess of Bourbon | 1527 | Savoy | extinguished in 1532 | for Luise of Savoy , mother of King Franz I. |
| Duchess of Châtellerault | 1527 | Savoy | delivered 1530 | |
| Duchess of Auvergne | 1528 | Savoy | extinguished in 1532 | for Luise of Savoy , mother of King Franz I. |
| Duchess of Châtellerault | 1530 | Savoy | extinguished in 1532 | for Luise of Savoy , mother of King Franz I. |
| Duke of Guise | 1528 | Lorraine | extinguished in 1675 | for Claude de Lorraine |
| Duke of Nevers | 1539 | Albret, Kleve, Gonzaga | sold 1659 | |
| Duke of Orléans | 1540 | Royal family | extinguished in 1545 | for Karl , son of King Franz I. |
| Duke of Angoulême | 1540 | Royal family | extinguished in 1545 | for Karl , son of King Franz I. |
| Duke of Châtellerault | 1540 | Royal family | extinguished in 1545 | for Karl , son of King Franz I. |
| Earl of Clermont | 1540 | Royal family | extinguished in 1545 | for Karl , son of King Franz I. |
| Count of La Marche | 1540 | Royal family | extinguished in 1545 | for Karl , son of King Franz I. |
| Duke of Bourbon | 1544 | Royal family | extinguished in 1545 | for Karl , son of King Franz I. |
| Duke of Aumale | 1547 | Lorraine Guise | extinguished in 1631 | for Claude de Lorraine, duc de Guise |
| Duchess of Berry | 1550 | Royal family | extinguished in 1574 | for Margarete , sister of King Heinrich II. |
| Duke of Montmorency | 1551 | Montmorency | lost 1632 | |
| Duke of Albret | 1556 | Albret, bourbon | merged 1589 | |
| Duke of Anjou | 1566 | Royal family | merged in 1574 | for Heinrich , brother of King Karl IX. |
| Duke of Bourbon | 1566 | Royal family | merged in 1574 | for Heinrich , brother of King Karl IX. |
| Earl of Forez | 1566 | Royal family | merged in 1574 | for Heinrich , brother of King Karl IX. |
| Duke of Alençon | 1566 | Royal family | extinguished in 1584 | for Franz , brother of King Karl IX. |
| Duke of Château-Thierry | 1566 | Royal family | extinguished in 1584 | for Franz , brother of King Karl IX. |
| Count of Perche | 1566 | Royal family | extinguished in 1584 | for Franz , brother of King Karl IX. |
| Count of Meulan | 1566 | Royal family | extinguished in 1584 | for Franz , brother of King Karl IX. |
| Count of Mantes | 1566 | Royal family | extinguished in 1584 | for Franz , brother of King Karl IX. |
| Duke of Auvergne | 1569 | Royal family | merged in 1574 | for Heinrich , brother of King Karl IX. |
| Duke of Penthièvre | 1569 | Luxembourg, Lorraine, Bourbon-Vendôme | extinguished in 1687 | |
| Duke of Evreux | 1569 | Royal family | extinguished in 1584 | for Franz , brother of King Karl IX. |
| Count of Dreux | 1569 | Royal family | extinguished in 1584 | for Franz , brother of King Karl IX. |
| Duke of Mercœur | 1569 | Lorraine | extinguished in 1712 | |
| Duke of Uzès | 1572 | Crussol | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Mayenne | 1573 | Lorraine-Guise, Gonzaga | sold 1654 | |
| Duke of Saint-Fargeau | 1574 | Bourbon-Montpensier (royal family) | extinguished in 1693 | |
| Duke of Anjou | 1576 | Royal family | extinguished in 1584 | for Franz , brother of King Heinrich III. |
| Duke of Touraine | 1576 | Royal family | extinguished in 1584 | for Franz , brother of King Heinrich III. |
| Duke of Berry | 1576 | Royal family | extinguished in 1584 | for Franz , brother of King Heinrich III. |
| Duke of Joyeuse | 1581 | Joyeuse, Lorraine-Guise | extinguished in 1675 | |
| Duke of Piney | 1581 | Luxembourg, Albert, Clermont, Montmorency-Luxembourg | abolished in 1790 | also known as the Duke of Luxembourg |
| Duke of Elbeuf | 1581 | Lorraine | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Retz | 1581 | Gondy | extinguished in 1634 | |
| Duke of Épernon | 1581 | Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette | extinguished in 1661 | |
| Duke of Rethel | 1581 | Gonzaga | sold 1658 | |
| Duke of Hallwin | 1588 | Hallwin | extinguished in 1611 (?) | |
| Duke of Montbazon | 1588 | Rohan | extinguished in 1593 | |
| Duke of Ventadour | 1589 | Lévis | extinguished in 1717 | |
| Duke of Montbazon | 1595 | Rohan | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Thouars | 1599 | La Trémoille | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Beaufort | 1597 | Estrées, bourbon | sold 1688 | for Gabrielle d'Estrées , the mistress of King Henry IV. |
| Duke of Vendôme | 1598 | bourbon | extinguished in 1712 | for César , illegitimate son of King Henry IV. |
| Duke of Biron | 1598 | Gontaut | lost 1602 | for Charles de Gontaut |
| Duke of Aiguillon | 1600 | Lorraine-Mayenne | extinguished in 1621 |
17th century
| title | year | Title holder | abolition | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duke of Rohan | 1603 | Rohan | extinguished in 1638 | |
| Duke of Sully | 1606 | Bethune | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Fronsac | 1608 | Orléans-Longueville | extinguished in 1631 | |
| Duke of Montpensier | 1608 | Bourbon (royal family), Orléans | extinguished in 1693 | |
| Duke of Damville | 1610 | Montmorency | lost 1632 | |
| Duke of Hallwin | 1611 | Hallwin | extinguished in 1620 | |
| Duke of Châteauroux | 1616 | Bourbon-Condé (royal family) | lost the family property in 1710 | |
| Duke of Luynes | 1619 | Albert | abolished in 1790 | for Charles d'Albert |
| Duke of Lesdiguières | 1620 | Bonne, Créquy | extinguished in 1711 | for François de Bonne |
| Duke of Bellegarde | 1620 | Saint-Lary | extinguished in 1646 | |
| Duke of Brissac | 1620 | Cossé | abolished in 1790 | for Charles II. de Cossé |
| Duke of Hallwin | 1621 | Hallwin, Schomberg | extinguished in 1656 | |
| Duke of Candale | 1621 | Nogaret de La Valette | extinguished in 1639 | Lifetime pair without territorial endowment |
| Duke of Chaulnes | 1621 | Albert | extinguished in 1698 | |
| Duke of Orléans | 1626 | Royal family | extinguished in 1660 | for Gaston , brother of Louis XIII. |
| Duke of Chartres | 1626 | Royal family | extinguished in 1660 | for Gaston , brother of Louis XIII. |
| Duke of Chevreuse | 1627 | Lorraine Guise | sold 1655 | |
| Duke of Valois | 1630 | Royal family | extinguished in 1660 | for Gaston , brother of Louis XIII. |
| Duke of Richelieu | 1631 | Plessis, Vignerot | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of La Valette | 1631 | Nogaret | extinguished in 1661 | |
| Duke of La Rochefoucauld | 1631 | La Rouchfoucauld | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Montmorency | 1633 | Bourbon-Condé (royal family) | abolished in 1790 | renamed Duke von Enghien in 1689 |
| Duke of Retz | 1634 | Gondy | extinguished in 1676 | |
| Duke of Fronsac | 1634 | Plessis, Maillé-Brézé, Bourbon-Condé, Vignerot | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Aiguillon | 1634 | Location | extinguished in 1635 | |
| Duke of Saint-Simon | 1635 | Rouvroy | extinguished in 1755 | |
| Duke of La Force | 1637 | Caumont | extinguished in 1755 | |
| Duke of Aiguillon | 1638 | Vignerot, Plessis | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Albret | 1641 | Bourbon-Condé (royal family) | delivered 1651 | |
| Duke of Valentinois | 1642 | Grimaldi | extinguished in 1731 | |
| Duke of Rohan | 1648 | Rohan Chabot | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Albret | 1665 | La Tour d'Auvergne | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Château-Thierry | 1665 | La Tour d'Auvergne | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Bourbon | 1661 | Bourbon-Condé (royal family) | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Orléans | 1661 | Royal family | abolished in 1790 | for Philip , brother of Louis XIV. |
| Duke of Chartres | 1661 | Royal family | abolished in 1790 | for Philip , brother of Louis XIV. |
| Duke of Valois | 1661 | Royal family | abolished in 1790 | for Philip , brother of Louis XIV. |
| Duke of Randan | 1661 | La Rochefoucauld-Randan, Foix de Candale | extinguished in 1714 | |
| Duke of Verneuil | 1663 | bourbon | extinguished in 1682 | for Heinrich , illegitimate son of Heinrich IV. |
| Duke of Estrées | 1663 | Estrées de Lauzières | extinguished in 1737 | |
| Duke of Gramont | 1663 | Gramont | abolished in 1790 | for Antoine II. de Gramont |
| Duke of La Meilleraye | 1663 | La Porte-Mazarin | extinguished in 1738 | |
| Duke of Rethel | 1663 | La Porte-Mazarin | extinguished in 1738 | |
| Duke of Villeroy | 1663 | Neufville | abolished in 1794 | for Nicolas de Neufville |
| Duke of Mortemart | 1663 | Rochechouart | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Poix | 1663 | Créquy | extinguished in 1687 | |
| Duke of Saint-Aignan | 1663 | Beauvilliers | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of La Rocheguyon | 1663 | Plessis-Liancourt | extinguished in 1674 | |
| Duke of Tresmes | 1663 | Potier | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Noailles | 1663 | Noailles | abolished in 1790 | for Anne de Noailles |
| Duke of Coislin | 1663 | Cambout | extinguished in 1732 | |
| Duke of Choiseul | 1665 | Choiseul | extinguished in 1705 | |
| Duke of Aumont | 1665 | Aumont | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Montausier | 1665 | Saint-Maure | extinguished in 1690 | |
| Duke of La Ferté-Senneterre | 1666 | Saint-Nectaire | extinguished in 1703 | |
| Duchess of La Vallière | 1667 | La Vallière, Bourbon | released in 1698 | for Louise de La Vallière , the mistress of Louis XIV. |
| Duke of Nemours | 1672 | Royal family | abolished in 1790 | for Philip , brother of Louis XIV. |
| Duke of Saint-Cloud | 1674 | nb | abolished in 1790 | held by the Archbishop of Paris |
| Duke of Béthune-Charost | 1690 | Bethune | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Damville | 1694 | bourbon | sold 1719 | for Ludwig-Alexander , legitimate son of Louis XIV. |
| Duke of Montpensier | 1695 | Royal family | abolished in 1790 | for Philip , brother of Louis XIV. |
| Duke of Aumale | 1695 | bourbon | sold 1773 | for Ludwig-August , legitimate son of Louis XIV. |
| Duke of Penthièvre | 1697 | bourbon | abolished in 1790 | for Ludwig-Alexander , legitimate son of Louis XIV. |
18th century
| title | year | Title holder | abolition | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duke of Châteauvillain | 1703 | bourbon | abolished in 1790 | for Ludwig-Alexander , legitimate son of King Ludwig XIV. |
| Duke of Guise | 1704 | Bourbon-Condé (royal family) | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Boufflers | 1708 | Boufflers | extinguished in 1751 | for Louis-François de Boufflers |
| Duke of Villars | 1709 | Brancas | extinguished in 1777 | |
| Duke of Harcourt | 1709 | Harcourt | abolished in 1790 | for Henri d'Harcourt |
| Duke of Alençon | 1710 | Royal family | extinguished in 1714 | for Karl, grandson of King Louis XIV. |
| Duke of Angoulême | 1710 | Royal family | extinguished in 1714 | for Karl, grandson of King Louis XIV. |
| Duke of Fitz-James | 1710 | Fitz-James | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Antin | 1711 | Pardaillan de Gondrin | extinguished in 1757 | |
| Duke of Rambouillet | 1711 | bourbon | abolished in 1790 | for Ludwig-Alexander , legitimate son of King Ludwig XIV. |
| Duke of Chaulnes | 1711 | Albert d'Ailly, Albert de Luynes | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Rohan -Rohan | 1714 | Rohan | extinguished in 1787 | |
| Duke of Joyeuse | 1714 | Melun | extinguished in 1724 | |
| Duke of Hostun | 1715 | Hostun | extinguished in 1755 | for Camille d'Hostun, comte de Tallard , Marshal of France |
| Duke of Villars-Brancas | 1716 | Brancas | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Roannais | 1716 | Aubusson de La Feuillade | extinguished in 1725 | |
| Duke of Valentinois | 1716 | Goyon de Matignon, Grimaldi | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Nevers | 1720 | Mazarin-Mancini | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Biron | 1723 | Gontaut de Biron | abolished in 1793 | for Charles-Armand de Gontaut |
| Duke of Lévis | 1723 | Lévis | extinguished in 1734 | |
| Duke of La Vallière | 1723 | La Baume Le Blanc | extinguished in 1780 | |
| Duke of Mercœur | 1723 | Bourbon-Conti (royal family) | sold 1770 | |
| Duke of Châtillon | 1736 | Châtillon | extinguished in 1762 | |
| Duke of Fleury | 1736 | Rosset | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Gisors | 1748 | Fouquet | extinguished in 1761 | for Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet de Belle-Isle |
| Duke of Duras | 1756 | Durfort | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Stainville | 1758 | Choiseul | extinguished in 1785 | |
| Duke of La Vauguyon | 1758 | Quel de Stuer de Caussade | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Praslin | 1762 | Choiseul | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Choiseul d'Amboise | 1764 | Choiseul | extinguished in 1785 | for Étienne-François de Choiseul |
| Duke of Anjou | 1771 | Royal family | abolished in 1790 | for Ludwig , brother of King Louis XVI. |
| Duke of Angoulême | 1773 | Royal family | abolished in 1790 | for Karl , brother of King Louis XVI. |
| Duke of Auvergne | 1773 | Royal family | exchanged in 1778 | for Karl , brother of King Louis XVI. |
| Duke of Mercœur | 1773 | Royal family | exchanged in 1778 | for Karl , brother of King Louis XVI. |
| Duke of Alençon | 1774 | Royal family | abolished in 1790 | for Ludwig , brother of King Louis XVI. |
| Duke of Clermont-Tonnerre | 1775 | Clermont Tonnerre | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Berry | 1776 | Royal family | abolished in 1790 | for Karl , brother of King Louis XVI. |
| Duke of Châteauroux | 1776 | Royal family | abolished in 1790 | for Karl , brother of King Louis XVI. |
| Duke of Aumale | 1776 | bourbon | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Gisors | 1776 | bourbon | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Brunoy | 1777 | Royal family | handed in 1786 | for Ludwig , brother of King Louis XVI. |
| Duchess of Louvois | 1777 | Royal family | abolished in 1790 | for Marie-Adélaïde and Sophie, daughters of King Louis XV. (common title) |
| Duke of Aubigny | 1777 | Lennox | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Amboise | 1787 | bourbon | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Choiseul | 1787 | Choiseul-Beaupré | abolished in 1790 | |
| Duke of Coigny | 1787 | Franquetot | abolished in 1790 | the last pair created before the revolution |
The Pairs of the Restoration Period (1814–1848)
- Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, duc de Richelieu
- Charles Pierre François Augereau
- Claude-Victor Perrin called Victor
- Emmanuel de Grouchy
- Emmerich Joseph von Dalberg
- Étienne André François de Paule Fallot de Beaumont de Beaupré
- Jacques MacDonald
- Étienne-Maurice Gérard
- François-Etienne Kellermann
- Henri Clarke d'Hunebourg
- Honoré Théodore Maxime Gazan de la Peyrière
- Louis Gabriel Suchet
- Jacques-Henri Wustenberg
- Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
- Jean-Denis Lanjuinais
- Jean Jacques Pelet (1777–1858), lieutenant general and military writer
- Charles Frédéric, Comte Reinhard
- Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
- Louis-Nicolas Davout
- Michel Ney
- Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult
- Philippe-Louis-Marc-Antoine de Noailles
- Pierre-Simon Laplace
- Roger Ducos (still named by Napoleon)
- Mathieu Dumas (1753–1837) (Lieutenant-Géneral, Minister of War, Intendant-Géneral, military historian) 1831
See also
literature
- Richard A. Jackson: Peers of France and Princes of the Blood. In: French Historical Studies. Vol. 7, No. 1, Spring 1971, ISSN 0016-1071 , pp. 27-46.
- Joachim Ehlers: History of France in the Middle Ages. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart et al. 1987, ISBN 3-17-009801-2 .