Jean de Valois, duc de Touraine

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Jean de Valois (born August 31, 1398 in Paris , † April 5, 1417 in Compiègne ) was the fourth son of the French king Charles VI. and the Queen Isabeau .

Life

Jean was appointed Baron of Mortagne in 1403 , Peer of France in 1407 , Duke of Touraine in 1414 and Dauphin of Viennois in 1415 and thus heir to the throne after his three older brothers died in 1386, 1401 and 1415.

In June 1406, when he was only 7 years old, Jean was betrothed to the four-year-old Jakobäa von Bayern , the Countess of Holland and Hainaut and heir to the Duke Wilhelm II of Bavaria . The wedding did not take place until August 6, 1415, when the bride and groom were ready for marriage. The couple's marriage remained childless. After the engagement ceremony in Compiègne Castle , Jean lived in Hainaut in Le Quesnoy at the court of his father-in-law Wilhelm II, who was allied with the Burgundian Duke Johann Ohnefurcht . Therefore, the appointment of Jeans as a Dauphin became a political issue during the Armagnakian occupation of Paris. Wilhelm II wanted Jean to travel there only in the company of the Duke of Burgundy . In September 1416 Jean wrote to the Queen, his mother, that he only wanted to negotiate his return to Paris with her alone without Bernard VII d'Armagnac .

Queen Isabeau therefore traveled to Senlis between January 21 and February 25, 1417 in order to prepare her son for the line of succession and to negotiate with William about moving to Paris. After their departure, the Crown Prince fell ill and died on April 5 of an "abscess on the ear", probably an otitis media. Johann Ohnefurcht specifically spread the rumor that Jean and his older brother Louis had been poisoned. Poisoning can neither be proven nor proven to this day. The court of the Duke of Anjou , Ludwig II , represented by his wife Jolanthe and Bernhard von Armagnac, who wanted to help the 14-year-old brother and later King Charles VII to the throne, had an interest in eliminating the Burgundy-friendly Dauphin To prevent alliance between France and England.

Jean's death led to the Queen's brief exile to Tours and later - through the union of the French royal family with Burgundy and England - to the third phase of the Hundred Years War .

Jean de Valois was buried in Compiègne in the monastery of Saint Corneille .

literature

  • Marie-Veronique Clin: Isabeau de Baviére. The misunderstood queen on France's throne . Olzog, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-7892-8064-X , pp. 197-210.
  • Anne Curry: The Hundred Years War (1337-1453) . Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2012, ISBN 978-3-534-25469-9 , pp. 65-76.
  • Joachim Ehlers: History of France in the Middle Ages . Stuttgart [u. a.], Kohlhammer, 1987, ISBN 3-17-009801-2 , p. 307.
  • Heidrun Kimm: Isabeau de Baviere, pure de France 1370-1435. Contributions to the history of the Bavarian duke's daughter and the French royal family (= Miscellanea Bavarica Monacensia. Dissertations on the Bavarian state and Munich city history . Volume 13). Utz, Munich 1969, ISSN  0581-0124 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Information on Jean de Valois on the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy website , accessed September 13, 2014.
  2. ^ Jean Markale: Isabeau de Bavière. The Wittelsbach girl on the throne of France . Diederichs, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-424-01207-6 , p. 260.
  3. ↑ Martin Saller: Queen Isabeau. The Wittelsbacherin on the lily throne . Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-485-00372-7 , p. 240.
predecessor Office successor
French crown domain Count of Ponthieu
1410-1417 		Bonne d'Artois
Louis of Orléans Duke of Touraine
1407-1417 		Charles VII
Louis of Guyenne Dauphin von Viennois
1415-1417 		Charles VII
Johann von Berry Duke of Berry
Count of Poitou
1416–1417 		Charles VII
personal data
SURNAME Jean de Valois
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jean de France; John of Valois; John of Touraine
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French dauphin
DATE OF BIRTH August 31, 1398
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH April 5, 1417
Place of death Compiègne