Philip V (France)

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Philip V , called the Long ( French: Philippe V le Long ; * 1293 ; † January 3, 1322 Longchamp Abbey ), from the Capetian dynasty , was King of France from 1317 to 1322 and (as Philip II) King of Navarre .

King Philip V of France is crowned. To the left of it, the scene is observed by his nephew Johann I, who died young. Illustration from the Grandes Chroniques de France , 14th century.

Life

Philip V was the second son of King Philip IV the Handsome of France († 1314) and his wife Queen Joan I of Navarre († 1305). However, his date of birth is controversial. Bernhard Töpfer, for example, gives 1291 as the year of birth, while Elisabeth Lalou gives the year 1294. He was married to Count Palatine Johanna II of Burgundy in 1307, with whom he took over the reign of Franche-Comté as her husband . In 1311 he was awarded the county of Poitou as a separate appanage. Philip's wife was accused of adultery by his sister Isabella in 1314 and was imprisoned in Dourdan Castle, but she was able to convince Parliament of her innocence and return to her husband.

Regency

In the summer of 1316, Philip's older brother, King Ludwig X. the quarrel, died suddenly, leaving behind a problematic succession, as he had left behind only one daughter and a heavily pregnant woman. Philip was at this time in Lyon , the election of a new Pontiff after the death of Pope Clement V to conduct. He then had the assembled cardinals locked up and arrived in Paris in July 1316 , where he was recognized by the greats of the kingdom as regent of the orphaned throne. He ousted the three-member Regency Council around his uncles Karl von Valois , Ludwig von Évreux and his younger brother Karl von La Marche , whom the king had appointed before his death and who was particularly dominated by Karl von Valois. Ludwig von Évreux was compensated with the award of the peerage , Karl von La Marche developed no greater ambition anyway. The cardinals in Lyon were meanwhile able to break free of their captivity by referring to John XXII. agreed.

Philip's government, which was not yet consolidated, immediately tried to use several dissatisfied nobles for their own interests. In Artois , the deposed Count Robert von Beaumont , a cousin of Philip's wife, caused unrest, which forced Philip to lead an army under Gaucher von Châtillon against him, which could take the Count prisoner. In addition, Duke Odo IV of Burgundy harassed the regent with the rights of their niece Johanna , who could also become a potential heir to the royal crown.

On November 15, 1316, the queen widow gave birth to the new King John I , for whom Philip would continue to reign. But the new king died just 4 days later on November 19th.

Domination

A document from Philip V, May 1317. Paris, Archives nationales, J 396, no.18

Philip was anointed and crowned king on January 9, 1317 in Reims . He was the first king of the Capetian dynasty who did not immediately succeed his father, which illustrated the Capetian dynastic crisis. From his older brother only the daughter Johanna remained, who after the death of John I moved into the focus of the succession and could thus have brought her future husband the crown of France into the marriage. But Johanna was still a minor, and immediately after his coronation, Philip convened an assembly of nobles, prelates and representatives of the city and university of Paris ( Estates General , February 1317), which the Lex Salica , according to which women were excluded from the succession to the French throne , recognized as the sole valid successor law. With Johanna's guardian, Duke Odo IV of Burgundy, Philip did not agree on other still controversial inheritance regulations until March 1318. Johanna was to take over the county of Champagne after Philip's own death, but in the Kingdom of Navarre she should only be allowed to inherit in the event of Philip's male successors becoming extinct.

Philip's main problem was the war that broke out again in Flanders after his father's death . In October 1318 Philip succeeded in settling with Count Robert III. of Flanders to agree on an armistice that would last until Easter of the following year. In several meetings Philip only succeeded to a limited extent in persuading the estates to pay subsidies for the coming fighting. With the help of his confidante Henri de Sully, the king managed to make household management more efficient in several ordinances . Furthermore, he successfully combated the abuse of office by forcing his officials such as Baillis and Seneschalle to lead their offices personally again and not through deputies, which in particular reduced the financial burdens of the people. In return, these measures increased the revenue of the royal treasury. Philip was able to persuade the Pope to leave the tithe to the crown for two years. The fight with Flanders did not come again after all, the Count of Flanders was ultimately forced to peace by the war weariness of the Flemish cities. In May 1320 he made the feudal oath to the king in Paris and renounced the handing over of the cities of Lille , Douai and Béthune . The peace was sealed by the marriage of the count's heir-grandson with a daughter of Philip.

Grave of King Philip V

Philipp was able to record further successes in Artois, where he finally achieved the return of his mother-in-law Mathilde . Even more important was the feudal oath of Philip's brother-in-law, King Edward II of England , in Amiens on July 29, 1320 , for the Duchy of Guyenne , which was postponed for a long time. But he then suffered a defeat in his attempt to standardize measurements, weights and the coin system. At the meeting in Orléans in October 1320 , however, especially the representatives of the cities objected, as they feared higher tax demands as a result of this reform.

During a visit to Poitiers in 1321, Philip ordered the arrest of all lepers after learning of the rumor that the lepers had planned to poison all wells in the south of France. As a result, there were also attacks on Jews , a large number of whom were burned.

Philip V died on January 3, 1322 after a long dysentery at the age of 28 in Longchamp Abbey. The heart was buried in Paris in the Couvent des Cordeliers , the monastery of the Minor Brothers of St. Francis of Assisi, the bones were buried in the grave of the French rulers in the abbey church of Saint-Denis . Since he did not leave behind a son entitled to succeed him, his younger brother Charles the Fair followed him . When the royal tombs of Saint-Denis were sacked during the French Revolution , his tomb was opened and looted on October 21, 1793, and his remains were buried in a mass grave outside the church.

ancestors

Louis IX Kg. Of France (1214-1270)

Philip III , King of France (1245–1285)

Margaret of Provence (1221–1295)

Philip IV King of France (1268-1314),

James I of Aragon (1208–1276)

Isabella of Aragón (around 1243–1271)

Yolanda of Hungary (1219–1251)

Philip V King of France

Theobald I of Navarre (1201–1253)

Henry I of Navarre (around 1244–1274)

Margaret of Bourbon-Dampierre (died 1256)

Joan I of Navarre (1273–1305)

Robert I of Artois (1216-1250)

Blanche d'Artois (1248–1302)

Mathilde of Brabant (1224-1288)

Marriage and offspring

He married in January 1307 in Corbeil (Marne) the Countess Palatine Johanna von Burgund († January 21, 1330), a daughter of the Count Palatine Otto IV of Burgundy and his wife Countess Mathilde von Artois . Your children were:

• Johanna (* May 1 or 2, 1308; † August 10 or 15, 1347), Countess Palatine of Burgundy, Countess of Artois
  • ⚭ 1318 with Duke Odo IV of Burgundy (* 1295; † 1350)
• Margarete (around 1309 - 9 May 1382), Countess Palatine of Burgundy, Countess of Artois
  • ⚭ 1320 with Count Ludwig I of Flanders († fallen in 1346 near Crécy )
• Isabelle (* 1312; † 1348)
  • ⚭ 1323 with Dauphin Guigues VIII. Von Viennois (* 1309; † 1333)
  • ⚭ 1339 with Sire Johann III. by Faucogney († 1345) ( House of Faucogney )
• Blanche (* 1313 - † April 26, 1358), nun in Longchamps
• Ludwig (June 24, 1316 - February 24, 1317)

literature

• Bernhard Töpfer : Philipp VI. 1328–1350, in: Joachim Ehlers, Heribert Müller, Bernd Schneidmüller Eds .: The French kings of the Middle Ages. From Odo to Charles VIII (888–1498). CH Beck, Munich 2006 (CH Beck'sche series), first 1996, pp. 228-240
• Elisabeth Lalou: Philipp V the Long , Lexicon of the Middle Ages , 6, Sp. 2063-2064
• Annie Ernaux : Fragments around Philippe V. Feminist Review, Vol. 61, April 1999 10.1080 / 014177899339289 Translated from the French. Lyn Thomas

Web links

Commons : Philipp V.  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Töpfer, Bernhard: Philipp VI. 1328–1350, in: Ehlers, Joachim / Müller, Heribert / Schneidmüller, Bernd (eds.): The French kings of the Middle Ages. From Odo to Karl VIII. (888–1498), CH Beck Verlag, Munich 2006 (= 1st edition of the CH Beck series; original edition 1996), pp. 228–240, here p. 228.
2. ↑ Lalou, Elisabeth: Philipp V., the Tall One, in: Lexikon des Mittelalters, Vol. 6, Col. 2063-2064, here: 2063.
3. ↑ Philippe V is not dealt with himself, his name serves as a reference for the man in a short, self-experienced love story. French first in L'infini , vol. 56, winter 1996, Gallimard ISBN 9782070747177 pp. 25 - 26 engl. in google books

predecessor	Office	successor
French crown domain	Count of Poitou 1311-1316	French crown domain
John I the Posthumous	King of France King of Navarre 1316–1322	Charles IV the Handsome