Claude de Lorraine, duc de Guise

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Claude de Lorraine painted by Jean Clouet

Claude I. de Lorraine, 1st duc de Guise, duc d'Aumale (* October 20, 1496 ; † April 12, 1550 in Joinville ) was the first Duke of Guise and Baron of Elbeuf from 1528 and also the first Duke of from 1547 Aumale .

Life

As the second surviving son of René II, Duke of Lorraine and Philippa von Geldern , Claude was tutored at the court of King Francis I of France . At the age of 17, Claude Antoinette de Bourbon (1493–1583), daughter of François de Bourbon Count von Vendôme and Marie de Luxembourg (1462–1546), married.

Claude distinguished himself in the Battle of Marignano (1515), in which he sustained 22 serious wounds. In 1521 he fought near Fuenterrabia , whose successful conquest Luise of Savoy attributed to him. In 1523 he became governor of Champagne and Burgundy after defeating the troops of the Holy Roman Empire , which had occupied the provinces, at Neufchâteau . On May 17, 1525, he had about 20,000 rebellious peasants of the Peasants' War butchered in Lorraine near Lupstein near Zabern after he had lured them into a trap. This event went down in history as the "peasant battles near Lupstein".

After Francis I returned from captivity in 1528, he made Claude Duke of Guise and elevated him to the status of a pair of France , although the title of duke and pair of France had previously only been reserved for princes from the royal house. The Guise , as a branch of the House of Lorraine and descendants of the younger House of Anjou , suddenly had a rank similar to the Bourbon princes of Condé and Conti .

Claude's eldest son François de Lorraine, duc de Guise , succeeded him.

progeny

Claude married Antoinette de Bourbon (1493–1583), daughter of Count François de Bourbon , in 1513 . The couple had the following children:

⚭ Louis of Orléans-Longueville
⚭ James V of Scotland
  • François (1519–1563)
  • Luise (January 10, 1520 - October 18, 1542) ⚭ Charles II. De Croÿ
  • Renée (September 2, 1522 - April 3, 1602), Abbess of St. Pierre in Reims
  • Charles (1524–1574), French cardinal and diplomat
  • Claude (1526–1573) ⚭ Louise de Brézé (* 1518; † 1577)
  • Louis (1527-1578), cardinal
  • Philip (September 3, 1529 - September 24, 1529)
  • Peter (April 3, 1530; † young)
  • Antoinette (born August 31, 1531 - † March 6, 1561), Abbess of Faremoutiers
  • Francis, Grand Prior of the Maltese Knights (April 18, 1534 - March 6, 1563)
  • René (August 14, 1536; † December 14, 1566), Marquis of Elbeuf ⚭ February 3, 1555 Louise de Rieux (* 1531; † around 1570)

literature

  • François Roche, Claude de Lorraine, 1st Duke of Guise , 2005, ISBN 2-908456-47-8 (French)

Web links

Commons : Claude, Duke of Guise  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The great Brockhaus - Handbook of Knowledge in twenty volumes , Volume 20, page 522b under the heading “Zabern”, Leipzig 1935.
predecessor Office successor
Francis I King of France Duke of Guise
1520–1550 		François de Lorraine
René II. Prince of Joinville
1508–1550 		François de Lorraine
René II. Duke of Aumale
1508–1550 		François de Lorraine
René II. Baron d'Elbeuf
1508-1550 		René
personal data
SURNAME Guise, Claude de Lorraine, duc de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Guise, Claude I. von; Aumale, Claude de Lorraine, duc d '
BRIEF DESCRIPTION First Duke of Guise
DATE OF BIRTH October 20, 1496
DATE OF DEATH April 12, 1550
Place of death Joinville (Haute-Marne)