François de Lorraine, duc de Guise
François de Lorraine (born February 17, 1519 in Bar-le-Duc , † February 24, 1563 in Saint-Hilaire-Saint-Mesmin ) was a French general and statesman. He followed his father in 1550 as Duke of Guise . He was also Duke of Aumale and Prince of Joinville .
Life
François was the son of Claude de Lorraines and his wife Antoinette de Bourbon . His sister Marie was the wife of Jacob V of Scotland and the mother of Mary Stuart .
In 1552 he successfully defended Metz against Emperor Charles V and defeated him in the battle of Renty in 1554 . In 1558 he conquered Calais from the English .
Together with his brother Charles , François was de facto so powerful under King Francis II that they were the actual rulers in France. In 1560 he founded the so-called triumvirate with Anne de Montmorency and Jacques d'Albon, seigneur de Saint-André .
François was one of the leaders of the Catholic faction in the First Huguenot War , which he provoked in 1562 with the bloodbath of Wassy . During the siege of Orléans on February 18, 1563 he was seriously wounded by a Huguenot and died a few days later.
He was the father of Louis , called Cardinal de Guise , Charles and Henri I , who became his eldest son.
progeny
François married Anna d'Este , daughter of Ercole II. D'Este , in 1548 . The marriage had seven children:
- Henri I (1550–1588), Duke of Guise
- Catherine Marie (1552–1596), ∞ Louis III. de Bourbon , Duke of Montpensier
- Charles (1554–1611), Duke of Mayenne
- Louis (1555–1588), cardinal and archbishop of Reims
- Antoine (1557-1560)
- François (1559–1573)
- Max (1562-1567)
coat of arms
The main shield shows in field 1, seven times divided red and silver ( Hungary , old); in field 2, for a blue background, seeded with golden lilies, on top a red, three-lipped tournament collar ( Kingdom of Naples , Anjou-Sicily); in field 3, on a silver background, a gold Jerusalem cross ( Kingdom of Jerusalem ); in field 4, on a golden background, four red posts ( Aragon , new); A red, three-legged tournament collar over these four fields. In field 5, within a red border, a blue ground with golden lilies ( Anjou , younger line); in field 6, on a blue background a golden lion, armed in red and tongued ( Htum Geldern ) in field 7, on a gold background a black lion, armed in red and tongued ( Htum Jülich ); in field 8, on a blue background, with small crosses, two golden barbel facing away from each other ( Htum Bar ). The heart shield shows the family arms of the Dukes of Lorraine ; on a golden background a red diagonal right-hand bar, covered with three silver Alérions .
On the shield a crown and around the shield the collar of the Order of St. Michael set with pilgrim shells , on the medallion St. Michael .
Web links
Individual evidence
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Claude de Lorraine |
Duke of Guise 1550–1563 |
Henri I. |
| Claude de Lorraine |
Prince of Joinville 1550–1563 |
Henri I. |
| Claude de Lorraine |
Duke of Aumale 1550–1563 |
Claude de Lorraine |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Lorraine, François de, duc de Guise |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Guise, François de |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French general and statesman, Duke of Guise |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 17, 1519 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Bar-le-Duc |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 24, 1563 |
| Place of death | Saint-Hilaire-Saint-Mesmin |