1563

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1563
François de Lorraine, duc de Guise is murdered by Jean de Poltrot .	Lázaro Luís publishes an atlas of the known world.
The three-crown war between Denmark-Norway and Sweden begins with the sea ​​battle off Bornholm .
1563 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1011/12 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1555/56
Buddhist calendar	2106/07 (southern Buddhism); 2105/06 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	70th (71st) cycle Year of the Water Pig癸亥 ( at the beginning of the year Water Dog 壬戌)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	925/926 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	3896/97 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	941/942
Islamic calendar	970/971 (turn of the year 20/21 August)
Jewish calendar	5323/5324 (September 17-18)
Coptic calendar	1279/80
Malayalam calendar	738/739
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1873/74 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1874/75 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1619/20 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

First Huguenot War

• February 18 : At the siege of Orléans , François de Lorraine, duc de Guise , the leader of the Catholic armed forces in the First Huguenot War , is seriously wounded by an assassination attempt by Jean de Poltrot de Mérés ; six days later he dies. The assassin will be executed on March 18 .
• March 19 : In the Edict of Amboise , the Huguenots in France were granted freedom to practice their religion by Catherine de Medici , except in Paris and a few other cities.

Other events in Europe

Contemporary depiction of the three crown war

• May 30th : The Swedish admiral Jakob Bagge destroys a Danish squadron in the sea ​​battle off Bornholm . The three-crown war between Denmark-Norway and Sweden begins .
• October 17th : Count Joachim von Ortenburg introduces the Reformation in his empire-free county . This is seen as the trigger for the Ortenburg aristocratic conspiracy in the Duchy of Bavaria.

Africa

• February 1st : After the death of Minas , his son Sarsa Dengel is elected Negus negest of Ethiopia . He faces a number of riots.

India

• In the Indian Mughal Empire , the special tax for Hindus is abolished and Hindus are allowed to join the civil service.

science and technology

• Establishment of the first Hebrew printing company in Palestine in the city of Safed

Culture

architecture

• April 23 : The construction of El Escorial near Madrid , the largest Renaissance building in the world, begins. It has been part of the World Heritage of Humanity since 1984 .

Visual arts

• Giorgio Vasari , Agnolo Bronzino and Bartolomeo Ammanati , three of the most important Mannerist artists , founded the Accademia di Belle Arti in Florence , the first academy for painting in Europe , under the patronage of Cosimo I de 'Medici .

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  Pieter Bruegel the Elder : Tower of Babel (Viennese Version)

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  Pieter Bruegel the Elder: Landscape with the Flight into Egypt

• 

  Paolo Caliari : The wedding at Cana

• Giuseppe Arcimboldo paints the first series of his Four Seasons , the so-called "Viennese Series".

• 

  The spring

• 

  The summer

• 

  The winter

• around 1563: The four portraits of the Archduchesses are made in Vienna .

• 

  Archduchess Helena or Barbara?

• 

  Archduchess Johanna

• 

  Archduchess Magdalena

• 

  Archduchess Anna

literature

• The stages Book (russ. Step Well kniga ), a collection of highly hagiographic stained Fürstenviten is completed. In it, a linguistic monument of honor is erected for the Moscovite dynasty in the typical pathetic style of the Moscovite period of ancient Russian literature , which allows 17 generations of secular princes to appear in the light of saints.

music

• June 17th : With the order to found a "Hof-Cantorej", today's Mecklenburg State Orchestra Schwerin , Duke Johann Albrecht von Mecklenburg appoints David Köler as court conductor.

society

• Trier fire book from 1563

religion

• March: The Heidelberg Catechism , a summary of 129 doctrines of the Reformed Church , is published in Heidelberg after Elector Friedrich II of the Palatinate signed it on January 19th .
• October 17 : Count Joachim leads in the middle of Old Bavaria located Reich county Ortenburg the Reformation one.

Tridentinum 1563

• November 11th : In its 24th session, the Council of Trent orders the establishment of marriage registers and the introduction of baptismal records .
• December 4th : The Council of Trent comes to an end with the third session. The Roman Catholic Church differentiates itself from Protestantism .

• The Thirty-Nine Articles , an important part of the testimony of the Anglican Confession , are compiled under the direction of the Archbishop of Canterbury , Matthew Parker , in the Canterbury Provincial Synod (Convocation).
• Johann Weyer publishes the demonology De praestigiis daemonum ( From the dazzling works of demons ).

Historical maps and views

Barcelona 1563

Diogo Homem : Mediterranean 1563

Born

Date of birth saved

• January 30th : Franciscus Gomarus , Flemish Reformed theology professor in Leiden, Saumur and Groningen († 1641 )

• April 15 : Arjan Dev , also Arjun Dev , fifth guru of the Sikhs († 1606 )

• 0June 1 : Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury , English statesman and minister of Elizabeth I and Jacob I († 1612 )
• 0July 9 : Orazio Gentileschi , Italian painter († 1639 )

• 0September 4 : Wanli , Chinese emperor of the Ming dynasty († 1620 )
• September 15 : Elisabeth von Anhalt , Electress of Brandenburg († 1607 )
• September 30th : Enno III. , Count of East Friesland († 1625 )

• 0October 4th : Dorothea von Sachsen , Duchess of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel († 1587 )
• October 13 : Franz von Carácciolo , Neapolitan nobleman, founder of the order and saint of the Roman Catholic Church († 1608 )
• October 14 : Bernhardine zur Lippe , Countess of Leiningen-Leiningen († 1628 )
• October 14 : Jodocus Hondius , Flemish cartographer and publisher of atlases and maps († 1612 )

• 0November 5 : Anna von Oranien-Nassau , Dutch aristocrat, Countess of Nassau-Dillenburg († 1588 )
• 0November 8 : Henry II , Duke of Lorraine († 1624 )
• November 15 : Abraham Suarinus , German Lutheran theologian († 1615 )

• 0December 2 : Mutio Vitelleschi , Roman clergyman, order general of the Societas Jesu († 1645 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• John Bull , English organist and harpsichordist († 1628 )
• John Dowland , English composer († 1626 )
• Michael Drayton , English poet († 1631 )
• January Leonhard Hutter , also Hütter or Hutterus , German Lutheran theologian († 1616 )

Born around 1563

• Hendrick Cornelisz. Vroom , Dutch painter and draftsman, founder of European marine painting († 1640 )

Died

Date of death secured

• 0January 4th : Elisabeth of Hesse , Duchess of Zweibrücken and Countess Palatine von Simmern (* 1503 )
• 0February 1st : Minas , Negus negest (Emperor) of Ethiopia
• 0February 2 : Hans Neusidler , German composer and lutenist (* 1508 or 1509 )
• February 24 : François de Lorraine , Duke of Guise, French military leader and statesman (* 1519 )

• March 17 : Girolamo Seripando , Italian theologian, Prior General of the Augustinian Hermits and Archbishop of Salerno (* 1493 )
• March 18 : Albrecht II , Count of Hoya (* 1526 )
• March 19 : Arthur Brooke , English playwright
• 0April 5 : Georg Melhorn , German educator and Protestant theologian (* 1513 )
• April 15 : Bernhard VIII , Count zur Lippe (* 1527 )

• June 29th : Katharina von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , Duchess of Saxony-Lauenburg (* 1488 )
• July 31 : Agostino Mainardi , reformer and pastor in Chiavenna (* 1482 )

• August 22 : Johann Travers , Swiss lawyer, Graubünden governor, military leader, pioneer and co-founder of the Rhaeto-Romanic language in the Engadine (* 1483 )
• August 30 : Wolfgang Musculus , Reformed theologian (* 1497 )

• September 11th : Johann Pennarius , auxiliary bishop in Cologne (* 1517 )
• September 20 : Pankraz Labenwolf , German ore caster (* 1492 )

• October 10 : Jakob Zili , Swiss businessman and politician (* 1481 )
• October 13 : Bernhard Abel , German stonemason and sculptor of the Renaissance (* 16th century)
• October 22 : Diego de Siloé , Spanish architect and sculptor (* around 1495 )

• December 29th : Sébastien Châtillon , French humanist scholar (* 1515 )
• December 29th : Thomas Naogeorg , German theologian and writer (* 1508 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Domenico dell'Allio , Italian builder (* around 1515 )
• November John Bale , English clergyman and playwright (* 1495 )
• Gaspar Correia , Portuguese historian and chronicler (* around 1492 )
• Francesco Negri , Italian Benedictine monk, humanist, teacher, writer and reformer (* 1500 )
• Jane Stuart , Scottish noblewoman, governess Maria Stuarts, mistress of the French king Henry II (* 1520 )

Web links

Commons : 1563  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files