Agostino Mainardi

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Agostino Mainardi (* 1482 in Caraglio , Piedmont , Italy ; † July 31, 1563 in Chiavenna , Valtellina ) was an Italian Augustinian monk and prior, Catholic theologian and teacher, who preached evangelically, was excommunicated, was able to flee and from 1542 reformer and reformed pastor of Chiavenna, which at that time belonged to Graubünden .

Life

Mainardi was a son of Giovanni Mainardi. In 1509 he entered the Augustinian order in Florence . In 1513 he completed his studies with a theological master's degree . The order general Egidio da Viterbo sent him to the monastery in Siena in 1514 and to Pavia in 1515 . From 1516 he was rector of the Augustinian monastery school there, 1519 in Rome, 1521 in Siena and 1523 again in Florence. In 1525 the general of the order warned him to refrain from making pre-reformatory statements. In 1526 he was sent to Genoa . In 1533 he became prior of the monastery of San Mustiola in Pavia, where he worked with the rhetorician Celio Secondo Curione , with Giulio da Milano , Ortensio Lando and Ambrogio Cavalli for the dissemination of the Reformation teachings in Lombardy . Therefore he received a reprimand from Bishop Scipione Roero and was also admonished by the Dominican Tommaso Badia . Mainardi, however, prevailed with his biblically founded argumentation, so that he was on September 28, 1535 by Pope Paul III. was rehabilitated. With the blessing of Vicar General Giovanni Antonio di Chieti and with great rhetorical skill, Mainardi continued to preach in the evangelical sense during Lent 1538 in Rome . Here he also appeared against Ignatius of Loyola . In 1539 he preached in Pavia during Lent, in Venice in 1540 and in Milan in 1541 . Members of influential patrician families also accepted the evangelical faith. That is why Mainardi was imprisoned in Milan with Niccolò da Verona in June 1541 and brought to trial for heresy . At the end of 1541 he was able to flee to Tirano in Valtellina.

In 1542, under pressure from Caesar Trivulzios, the bishop of Como , Mainardi had to leave Tirano and settled in Chiavenna in Graubünden. Hercules of Salis employed him as a teacher and gave him the salary of a parish priest. From Chiavenna he came into close contact with the Zurich reformer Heinrich Bullinger from 1545 . With his support he built a Protestant church together with his friend and assistant Francesco Negri , whose pastor he remained until his death in 1563. He was an avid defender of Reformed Orthodoxy in the Valtellina, a border area where numerous Italian religious refugees sought refuge. Especially with Francesco Stancaro and the Baptist Camillo Renato , he was involved in polemics about the interpretation of the Lord's Supper . That is why he wrote a creed with 20 articles in 1547 , which was approved by the Bündner Synod . In 1549 he took in the fleeing, converted bishop Pier Paolo Vergerio . In 1551 his Trattato dell'unica et perfetta satisfattione di Christo appeared , a presentation of the most important evangelical doctrines. In 1552 he published under the pseudonym Antonio di Adamo an Annotomia della messa , a critical analysis of the mass , which was also translated into French by Jean Crespin in 1555 , into English in Strasbourg in 1556 and into Latin in 1561. It was listed on the Forbidden Books Index in 1559 .

Due to the great growth of the Protestant church, Mainardi saw himself again induced in 1561 to enforce the Reformation line , which led to the exclusion of Michelangelo Florio and Pietro Leone. After Mainardi's death in 1563, Girolamo Zanchi succeeded him as the Protestant pastor of Chiavennas.

Works

  • Annotomia missae (German about: Critical Analysis of the Mass ), 1550 ( digital )
  • Trattato dell'unica e perfetta satisfattione di Cristo nel qual si dichiara e manifestamente per la parola di Dio si pruova che sol Christo ha satisfatto per li peccati del mondo (German: treatise on the only and perfect justification by Christ, shown in the Word of God proves that only Christ made satisfaction for the sins of the world ), 1551 ( digital )
  • Il vero ordine di pregare e di confessarsi a Dio solo con il modo di vivere il matrimonio (German: The true order, to pray and to confess before God, together with the way to live marriage ), 1551
  • Uno pio e utile sermone della gratia di Dio, contra li meriti umani (German: A pious and useful sermon on the grace of God, against human merit ), 1552
  • Sermone del sacramento della eucharestia (German: Sermon on the Sacrament of the Eucharist ), 1552

literature

  • S. Caponetto: La Riforma protestante nell'Italia del Cinquecento , 1997
  • Emidio Campi : Protestantesimo italiano nei secoli. Fonti e documenti, I, Cinquecento e Seicento italiano , Torino, Claudiana, 1991
  • Emidio Campi and Giuseppe La Torre: Il protestantesimo di lingua italiana nella Svizzera. Figure e movimenti tra Cinque e Ottocento , Torino, Claudiana, 2000
  • Pierre Favre: Memorie spirituali, Spiritualità nei secoli , Volume 50, Testi di spiritualità della Compagnia di Gesù , Volume 5, Ed. G. Mellinato, Città Nuova, 1994, ISBN 978-8-83114-050-8 , pp. 34– 35
  • Augusto Armand Hugon: Il trattato della Soddisfazione di Cristo di Agostino Mainardo , in Bollettino della Società di Studi Valdesi, 71, 1939
  • Augusto Armand Hugon: Agostino Mainardo. Contributo alla Storia della Riforma in Italia , Società di Studi Valdesi, Torre Pellice, 1943
  • Robert A. Pierce: Agostino Mainardi, Pier Paolo Vergerio and the "Anatomia missae" , in Bibliothèque d'humanisme et Renaissance, LV, 1, 1993
  • Antonio Rotondò: Esuli italiani in Valtellina nel Cinquecento , in "Rivista storica italiana", LXXXVIII, 1976
  • Manfred E. Welti: Brief history of the Italian Reformation (= writings of the Association for Reformation History . Vol. 193). Mohn, Gütersloh 1985, ISBN 3-579-01663-6 , pp. 40-108 ( digitized in the Google book search).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lukas Vischer : The Communion Difficulties in Chiavenna. In: Bündner monthly newspaper. Journal for Bündner Geschichte, Landeskunde and Baukultur , Issue 8–9, 1956, pp. 268–278 ( PDF file ).
  2. ↑ Simonetta Adorni Braccesi and Simona Feci: Mainardi, Agostino . DBI, vol. 67, 2007
  3. ^ Emidio Campi: Agostino Mainardi. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . September 1, 2008 , accessed July 7, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Mainardi, Agostino on the website www.eresie.it
personal data
SURNAME Mainardi, Agostino
ALTERNATIVE NAMES di Adamo, Antonio (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Augustinian monk, prior, Catholic theologian, pastor and reformer of Chiavenna
DATE OF BIRTH 1482
PLACE OF BIRTH Caraglio , Piedmont , Italy
DATE OF DEATH July 31, 1563
Place of death Chiavenna , Valtellina