Ortensio Lando

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Ortensio Lando or Ortensio Landi (* before 1512 in Milan , † after 1556 in Naples ) was an Italian Augustinian monk , humanist , writer , translator and printer.

Life

Lando is the son of Domenico Lando and Caterina Castelletta, who originally came from Piacenza . Probably they belonged to the noble Landi family who came from Piacenza and settled in Milan. Based on statements made by himself, it can be assumed that he learned the Latin language from Alessandro Minuziano and Bernardino Negro in Milan. His teachers also included Celio Rodigino (also known by the name: Ludovico Ricchieri) and Bernardino Donato da Verona. In 1523 he was accepted into the Augustinian order with the name Geremia (German: Jeremia). In 1527 he was sent to Padua , then to Genoa , Siena and Naples . From 1531 to 1534 he lived in the monastery of S. Giacomo in Bologna and studied theology and medicine at the university with Romolo Quirino Amaseo; he also acquired the humanistic subjects, especially the Greek language. He maintained contact with the physician Giovanni Angelo Odoni and the dissident theologian Camillo Renato .

In the hermit Augustinian order of the province of Milan, he had some confreres who were also inclined to the Reformation , including Giulio Della Rovere , Agostino Mainardi and Ambrogio Cavalli . From them and the outsider Giulio Camillo Delminio he also received a thorough introduction to the works of the humanist Erasmus von Rotterdam . In Bologna he belonged to the humanistic circle of Achille Bocchi , Romolo Amaseo, Ludovico Boccadiferro, Alessandro Manzoli and Bassiano Lando. Around 1531 he was able to travel to Bellinzona with Giulio da Milano , and in 1533 he became a reader in the monastery of S. Agostino in Pavia .

In 1534 he went first to Rome , then to Lyon , thereby also leaving his order. With a new name Ortensio Appiano , he tried to get by as a Latin teacher and proofreader. Through the French publisher Sebastian Gryphius , who published his two-part, mediating work on Marcus Tullius Cicero , he met the humanist Étienne Dolet and the open-minded cultural elite of Lyons. He also met his Italian friends Giovanni Angelo Odoni and Fileno Lunardi again. In 1535 he traveled on to Geneva , Germany and back via Lion to Lucca , where he visited the Protestant banker Vincenzo Buonvisi on his estate in Forci. Under the pseudonym Philalethes Polytopiensis he wrote the Forcianae quaestiones , the Conversations of Forci, which were influenced by the English utopian Thomas More .

Lando's life was unsettled, he went on to Florence , Bologna and Naples. From 1536 to 1540 he seemed to have stayed in Thuringia and Strasbourg . Now he maintained good relations with the Venetian humanists Benedetto Agnello and Fortunato Martinengo , to whom he dedicated his work il Desiderii Erasmi Roterodami Funus in 1540 . In 1540 he was in Zurich and Ferrara , where he was introduced to the academy. In 1541 he went on to Trento to protect the new bishop Cristoforo Madruzzo ; he followed him to Rimini , Ferrara and Pesaro . In 1542 he worked for the Archbishop of Senigallia , Marco Vigerio della Rovere , and for other Italian nobles, including Galeotto Pico , the Count of Mirandola . In 1543 he had contact with Joachim von Watt , the reformer of St. Gallen , he translated the writings of Martin Luther , he met the reform-friendly Bishop of Catania Nicola Maria Caracciolo and went back to Lyon.

In 1544 he supported the residents of Serravalle against the invading French; shortly afterwards he met Johann Jakob Fugger and Bishop Otto Truchsess von Waldburg in Augsburg . In 1545 he stayed for four months in Brescia , where he was under the protection of Captain Marcantonio da Mula. In the same year he entered the Horticultural Academy in Piacenza, where he became a lecturer and translator of the Hellenistic Agrippa , just as Lodovico Domenichi, Giuseppe Betussi and Anton Francesco Doni had been.

From 1546 he lived with B. Agnello in Venice, where he was able to work for and with the publishers M. Sessa, Gabriele Giolito de 'Ferrari and Arrivabene; in the latter he published four works. Lando corresponded with the philosopher and poet Pietro Aretino and frequented dissident religious and political circles in Venice, which included Gabriele Giolito de 'Ferrari, Niccolò Franciotti, Girolamo Donzellini and Pietro Perna . In 1550 he lived in Padua, where he must have met the educated women Caterina da Passano Sauli and Lucrezia Gonzaga di Gazzuolo. In 1552 he returned to Venice, where he lived with Francesco Carrettone and published with Gabriel Giolito.

Probably in 1554, the Roman physician and alchemist Pietro de Megis told the Inquisition that Vincenzo Maggio and Ortensio Lando had made heretical statements of faith. Lando wrote to Bishop Madruzzo, who he knew in Trento, that he should intercede at the Inquisition in Venice. After that there are hardly any records left by and about Lando, except for a note in the Congregation's index that he died in Naples between 1556 and 1559.

plant

Lando wrote numerous works; his first was "Cicero relegatus et Cicero revocatus" , which could be printed by Sebastian Gryphius in Lyon in 1534, and it was dedicated to the sick Pomponio Trivulzio , perhaps to give him some relief. It is only marked with the letters HASD , which stand for Hortensius Anonymus or Amicus Salutem Dicit . The book consists of two dialogues; the first discusses shortcomings in Cicero and his writings, and he is in exile; the second dialogue answers successfully and the judgment is just reversed, so that on January 1, 1534 Cicero enters in triumph in Milan.

In his work "Forcianae quaestiones" (1536) he dealt with contemporary customs; “Paradossi” (1543) and “Confutazione” (1543) were satires in which Lando was a master. The Paradossi were signed with SuisnetroH TabeduL , which could be read backwards and was thus called Hortensius ludebat .

He also wrote short stories and translated " Utopia " by Thomas More into Italian .

Works

  • Cicero relegatus et Cicero revocatus Dialogi festivissimi (German: The banished Cicero and the recalled Cicero, very entertaining conversations ), Sebastian Gryphius, Lyon 1534 and Michael Blum, Leipzig 1534.
  • Forcianae quaestiones, in quibus varia Italorum ingenia explicantur, multaque alia scitu non indigna (German: Conversations in Forci ), Martinus de Ragusia, Lyon / Naples 1535; Basel 1541, 1542 and 1544, Leuven 1550 and Nuremberg 1559.
  • Il Desiderii Erasmi Roterodami Funus, Dialogus lepidissimus, Nunc primum in lucem editus , Basel 1540.
    • Italian: I funerali di Erasmo da Rotterdam , ed. Lorenzo di Leonardo, Forum, Udine 2012.
  • Paradossi , Gioanni Pullon da Trino, Lyon 1543. (Ed. Antonio Corsaro, Edizioni di storia e letteratura, Rome 2000).
    • French: Paradoxes , trad. M.-F. Piéjus, Les Belles Lettres, Paris 2012.
  • Confutazione del libro dei paradossi nuovamente composta, et in tre orationi distinta , 1544/1545.
  • Commentario delle più notabili, et mostruose cose d'Italia, & altri luoghi, di lingua Aramea in Italiana tradotto, nel qual s'impara, et prendesi istremo piacere. Vi si e Poi aggionto un breve Catalogo delli inventori delle cose, che si mangiano, & se beveno, novamente ritrovate , M. Anonymo di Utopia composto, Venezia 1548. ( Commentario delle più notabili e mostruose cose d'Italia e altri luoghi. Catalogo de gli inventori delle cose che si mangiano & si beveno , eds. G. and P. Salvatori, Pendragon, Bologna 2002).
  • Lettere di molte valorose donne, nelle quali chiaramente appare non esser ne di eloquentia ne di dottrina alli huomini inferiori , Gabriel Giolito de Ferrari, Venice 1548; contains 263 letters from educated and well-known Italian women.
  • Sermoni funebri de vari authori nella morte de diversi animali , Gabriel Giolito, Venice 1548.
  • La sferza de scrittori antichi e moderni di M. Anonimo di Utopia alla quale, è dal medesimo aggiunta una essortatione allo studio delle lettere , Venice 1550. ( La sferza de 'scrittori antichi e moderni , ed. Paolo Procaccioli, Vignola, Rome 1995)
  • Dialogo di M. Hortensio Lando, nel quale si ragiona della consolatione, et utilità, che si gusta leggendo la Sacra Scrittura. Trattasi etiandio dell'ordine, che tener si dee nel leggerle, & mostrasi essere le Sacre lettere di vera eloquenza, e di varia dottrina alle Pagane lettere superiori , Comin da Trino, Venice 1552.
  • Quattro libri de dubbi con le solutioni a ciascun dubbio accomodate. La materia del primo è naturale, del secondo è mista (benche per lo piu sia morale) del Terzo è Amorosa, et del Quarto è Religiosa , Gabriel Giolito, Venice 1552.

literature

  • Pierre Bayle, Pierre Desmaizeaux, Anthelme Tricaud and Alexis Gaudin: The dictionary historical and critical of Mr. Peter Bayle , Volume 3, JJ and P. Knapton, D. Midwinter, J. Brotherton, A. Bettesworth and C. Hitch, University of Michigan, 1736, digitized May 6, 2011, p. 722 f.
  • Marlen Bidwell-Steiner: The human border being: Premodern natural philosophy and literature in dialogue with postmodern gender theory , Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2017, ISBN 978-3-1105-2182-5 , pp. 251-253
  • Herbert Jaumann: Handbook of scholarly culture of the early modern times, bio-bibliographical repertory , Volume 1, Walter de Gruyter, 2004, ISBN 978-3-1101-6069-7 , pp. 382–383
  • Meredith K. Ray: Writing Gender in Women's Letter Collections of the Italian Renaissance. Toronto Italian studies , University of Toronto Press, Toronto 2009, ISBN 978-0-8020-9704-0
  • Silvana Seidel Menchi : Spiritualismo radicale nelle opere di Ortensio Lando attorno al 1550 , Archive for Reformation History - Archive for Reformation History, 1974, ISSN (Online) 2198-0489, ISSN (Print) 0003-9381, p. 210 f. doi : 10.14315 / arg-1974-jg12 .
  • Silvana Seidel Menchi: Erasmus as Heretic: Reformation and Inquisition in Italy in the 16th Century , Volume 49, Studies in medieval and reformation thought, Brill 1993, ISbN 978-9-0040-9474-1, p. 96
  • Judith Steiniger: Ortensio Lando, an "irregolare" and capriccioso "between Catholicism and Reformation, Zwingliana, Zurich 2010
  • Manfred E. Welti: Brief history of the Italian Reformation (= writings of the Association for Reformation History . Vol. 193). Mohn, Gütersloh 1985, ISBN 3-579-01663-6 , pp. 23-50 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  • Stefanie Wolff: Death Laughter: Laughter in the religious and profane culture and literature in France of the 17th century , Peter Lang, Bern 2009, ISBN 978-3-6315-8753-9 , pp. 70–82: Traditional aspect : Paradoxe Epideixis and Ortensio Lando

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Biography of Ortensio Lando in the Italian encyclopedia Treccani
  2. ↑ Biography of Ortensio Lando in the Italian encyclopedia Treccani
  3. ^ William EA Axon: Ortensio lando, a humorist of the Renaissance
  4. ↑ Angelo Paratico: Ortensio Lando, a forgotten feminist , July 1, 2017
  5. ^ Judith Steiniger: On Lando's early works , lecture at the 2nd Swiss History Days at the University of Basel on February 6, 2010
personal data
SURNAME Lando, Ortensio
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Landi, Ortensio; Landus, Hortensius Anonymus; Landus, Hortensius Amicus (Latin); Hortensius ludebat (Latin); Appiano, Ortensio; Philalethes Polytopiensis (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian Augustinian monk, humanist, writer, translator and printer
DATE OF BIRTH before 1512
PLACE OF BIRTH Milan
DATE OF DEATH after 1556
Place of death Naples