Cristoforo Madruzzo

Cristoforo Madruzzo, painted by Titian (1552)

Cristoforo Madruzzo (* July 5, 1512 in Castel Madruzzo in Calavino , † July 5, 1578 in Tivoli ), in older sources mostly German Christoph von Madruzz, was a cardinal in the Renaissance period and prince-bishop of Trento and Brixen.

Life

Madruzzo came from the old Trento noble family Madruzzo . He was the first of four bishops of Trento who came successively from the Madruzzo family. He studied at the universities of Padua and Bologna theology and rose in the church hierarchy quickly up. In 1539, he became the Prince Bishop of Trento appointed in 1542 he donated the Brixen Bishop Christoph Fuchs Fuchsberg the episcopal ordination and after his death Madruzzo was in addition to the Bishop of Brixen appointed. In 1542 he was promoted to cardinal in pectore , which was not published until 1545. He initially received the titular church of San Cesareo in Palatio , but in 1560 he moved as a cardinal priest to San Crisogono and shortly afterwards to Santa Maria in Trastevere .

Palazzo delle Albere , Trento

Madruzzo's most important achievement as bishop was the opening and protection of the Council of Trent (1545–1563). Madruzzo was essentially a politician and a loyal helper to the Habsburgs . During the council he received King Philip II of Spain, Duke Emanuel Philibert of Savoy and other dignitaries not only in the prince-bishop's Castello del Buonconsiglio , but also in the Palazzo delle Albere near Trento, which he built especially for the occasion .

In 1556 Philip II appointed him governor of Milan . In 1567 he left this post and resigned from his episcopal chair in Trento in favor of his nephew Giovanni Ludovico Madruzzo (1532-1600), who was coadjutor with the right of succession since 1550. He served as Prince-Bishop of Brixen until his death.

After 1560, Cristoforo Madruzzo acquired the suburbicarian dioceses of Albano (1561), Sabina (1562), Palestrina (1564) and Porto e Santa Rufina (1570) as Cardinal Bishop . He was a participant in six papal elections , namely the conclaves of 1549/50 , April 1555 , May 1555 , 1559 , 1565/1566 and 1572 .

The sons of his sister Katharina († 1551), Johann Thomas von Spaur (1528–1591) and Christoph Andreas von Spaur (1543–1613) followed him as prince-bishops of Brixen.

Impact history

The Crooked House in Bomarzo Park

Madruzzo was friends with Vicino Orsini , the creator of the Sacro Bosco near Bomarzo . In the Leaning House of the Garden there is a dedication inscription: Animus quiescendo fit prudentior ergo - Cristoforo Madruzzo principi Tridentino dedicato (By calming down my mind becomes wiser, therefore dedicated to Christoph Madruzz, Prince of Trento).

In the opera Palestrina by Hans Pfitzner , Madruzzo appears as "Christoph Madruscht".

literature

Rotraud Becker: Madruzzo, Cristoforo. In: Mario Caravale (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 67: Macchi – Malaspina. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2006.
Hubert Jedin: Christoph von Madruzzo. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 247 f. ( Digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Cristoforo Madruzzo - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Madruzzo, Cristoforo. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed September 10, 2012.
Trentino cultura - personaggi - life and work Cristoforo Madruzzo (Italian)
Entry for Cristoforo Madruzzo on catholic-hierarchy.org

Individual evidence

↑ Heinrich Joseph Wetzer: Church Lexicon: or, Encyclopedia of Catholic Theology and its auxiliary sciences. Ed .: HJ Wetzer, B. Welte. General register volume. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1860, p. 136 ( google.at [accessed December 8, 2018]).
↑ Hansmartin Decker-Hauff : The park of Bomarzo. Vicino Orsini. In: Hansmartin Decker-Hauff: Gardens and Fates. Historic sites and characters in Italy. Fourier, Wiesbaden 1998, ISBN 3-932412-03-6 , p. 143 ff.

predecessor	Office	successor
Giovanni Girolamo Morone	Cardinal Bishop of Porto 1570–1578	Alessandro Farnese
Giovanni Girolamo Morone	Cardinal Bishop of Palestrina 1564–1570	Otto Truchsess von Waldburg
Giovanni Girolamo Morone	Cardinal Bishop of Sabina 1562–1564	Alessandro Farnese
Giovanni Girolamo Morone	Cardinal Bishop of Albano 1561–1562	Otto Truchsess von Waldburg
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo	Governor of Milan 1556–1558	Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba
Christoph Fuchs from Fuchsberg	Bishop of Brixen 1542–1578	Johann Thomas von Spaur
Bernhard of Cles	Bishop of Trento 1539–1567	Giovanni Ludovico Madruzzo

personal data
SURNAME	Madruzzo, Cristoforo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Madruscht, Christoph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	cardinal
DATE OF BIRTH	July 5, 1512
PLACE OF BIRTH	Calavino
DATE OF DEATH	July 5, 1578
Place of death	Tivoli

[1] Heinrich Joseph Wetzer: Church Lexicon: or, Encyclopedia of Catholic Theology and its auxiliary sciences. Ed .: HJ Wetzer, B. Welte. General register volume. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1860, p. 136 ( google.at [accessed December 8, 2018]).

[2] Hansmartin Decker-Hauff : The park of Bomarzo. Vicino Orsini. In: Hansmartin Decker-Hauff: Gardens and Fates. Historic sites and characters in Italy. Fourier, Wiesbaden 1998, ISBN 3-932412-03-6 , p. 143 ff.