Cristoforo Madruzzo
Cristoforo Madruzzo (* July 5, 1512 in Castel Madruzzo in Calavino , † July 5, 1578 in Tivoli ), in older sources mostly German Christoph von Madruzz, was a cardinal in the Renaissance period and prince-bishop of Trento and Brixen.
Life
Madruzzo came from the old Trento noble family Madruzzo . He was the first of four bishops of Trento who came successively from the Madruzzo family. He studied at the universities of Padua and Bologna theology and rose in the church hierarchy quickly up. In 1539, he became the Prince Bishop of Trento appointed in 1542 he donated the Brixen Bishop Christoph Fuchs Fuchsberg the episcopal ordination and after his death Madruzzo was in addition to the Bishop of Brixen appointed. In 1542 he was promoted to cardinal in pectore , which was not published until 1545. He initially received the titular church of San Cesareo in Palatio , but in 1560 he moved as a cardinal priest to San Crisogono and shortly afterwards to Santa Maria in Trastevere .
Madruzzo's most important achievement as bishop was the opening and protection of the Council of Trent (1545–1563). Madruzzo was essentially a politician and a loyal helper to the Habsburgs . During the council he received King Philip II of Spain, Duke Emanuel Philibert of Savoy and other dignitaries not only in the prince-bishop's Castello del Buonconsiglio , but also in the Palazzo delle Albere near Trento, which he built especially for the occasion .
In 1556 Philip II appointed him governor of Milan . In 1567 he left this post and resigned from his episcopal chair in Trento in favor of his nephew Giovanni Ludovico Madruzzo (1532-1600), who was coadjutor with the right of succession since 1550. He served as Prince-Bishop of Brixen until his death.
After 1560, Cristoforo Madruzzo acquired the suburbicarian dioceses of Albano (1561), Sabina (1562), Palestrina (1564) and Porto e Santa Rufina (1570) as Cardinal Bishop . He was a participant in six papal elections , namely the conclaves of 1549/50 , April 1555 , May 1555 , 1559 , 1565/1566 and 1572 .
The sons of his sister Katharina († 1551), Johann Thomas von Spaur (1528–1591) and Christoph Andreas von Spaur (1543–1613) followed him as prince-bishops of Brixen.
Impact history
Madruzzo was friends with Vicino Orsini , the creator of the Sacro Bosco near Bomarzo . In the Leaning House of the Garden there is a dedication inscription: Animus quiescendo fit prudentior ergo - Cristoforo Madruzzo principi Tridentino dedicato (By calming down my mind becomes wiser, therefore dedicated to Christoph Madruzz, Prince of Trento).
In the opera Palestrina by Hans Pfitzner , Madruzzo appears as "Christoph Madruscht".
literature
- Rotraud Becker: Madruzzo, Cristoforo. In: Mario Caravale (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 67: Macchi – Malaspina. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2006.
- Hubert Jedin: Christoph von Madruzzo. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 247 f. ( Digitized version ).
Web links
- Madruzzo, Cristoforo. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed September 10, 2012.
- Trentino cultura - personaggi - life and work Cristoforo Madruzzo (Italian)
- Entry for Cristoforo Madruzzo on catholic-hierarchy.org
Individual evidence
- ↑ Heinrich Joseph Wetzer: Church Lexicon: or, Encyclopedia of Catholic Theology and its auxiliary sciences. Ed .: HJ Wetzer, B. Welte. General register volume. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1860, p. 136 ( google.at [accessed December 8, 2018]).
- ↑ Hansmartin Decker-Hauff : The park of Bomarzo. Vicino Orsini. In: Hansmartin Decker-Hauff: Gardens and Fates. Historic sites and characters in Italy. Fourier, Wiesbaden 1998, ISBN 3-932412-03-6 , p. 143 ff.
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Madruzzo, Cristoforo |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Madruscht, Christoph |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | cardinal |
DATE OF BIRTH | July 5, 1512 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Calavino |
DATE OF DEATH | July 5, 1578 |
Place of death | Tivoli |