Otto von Waldburg

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Lambert Sustris : Cardinal Otto von Waldburg ( Schloss Zeil )
Cardinal Otto von Augsburg (portrait at Waldburg Castle )
Cardinal Otto von Augsburg, fountain figure from Zeil Castle

Otto Truchseß von Waldburg-Trauchburg , also Cardinal Otto von Augsburg , (born February 25, 1514 in Scheer Castle near Sigmaringen , † April 2, 1573 in Rome ) was Bishop of Augsburg and Cardinal of the Catholic Church.

Life

Otto was a son of Wilhelm, Truchseß von Waldburg . It thus came the Jacobian line of the house Waldenburg , which in the Holy Roman Empire of the Erbtruchsessenamt held and conducted as part of their name.

Otto studied in Tübingen in 1524 , then in Dole , in 1531 in Padua , and in 1534 in Bologna , where he received his doctorate theologiae and in 1535 in Pavia . He received the tonsure as early as 1522 and was canon in Augsburg in 1525 and in Speyer in 1529 .

In 1537 Otto von Waldburg was trained in the curia for the diplomatic service, in 1538 he was promoted to papal chamberlain and returned to Germany. On March 22, 1539 he took over the office of cathedral cantor in Speyer and also became provost of the All Saints' Monastery , both as successors to cleric David Göler of Ravensburg († 1539). In 1540/41 he took part in the religious talks in Germany, he was papal secret council and imperial envoy.

1540 he was Domdekan in Trento , a year later named him Charles V to the Imperial Council . He uncompromisingly stood up for the Catholic faith, which he defended in 1542 at the Reichstag in Speyer as imperial commissioner. In 1542/43 he brought on behalf of Pope Paul III. in Germany and Poland the bulls of appeal for the Council of Trent .

Bishop of Augsburg

Coat of arms as bishop of Augsburg (around 1543; Veste Coburg art collections )

On May 10, 1543 Otto was elected bishop of Augsburg and was a priest and bishop in September and October dedicate . On December 19, 1544 the Pope made him cardinal . During these years he applied unsuccessfully for the archbishopric of Mainz , Trier and Cologne . In 1553 he was elected prince provost of the small ecclesiastical principality of Ellwangen and as such represented a counterweight to the Protestant forces in this region.

He took an active part in the Schmalkaldic War on the side of Charles V in 1546/47 . In 1548 he disapproved of the Augsburg Interim as the emperor's intervention in ecclesiastical affairs, but enforced his provisions and, in 1547/48, represented Charles's position in the dispute over the transfer of the council to Bologna.

In 1549 he founded the Collegium St. Hieronymi , also known as Collegium litterarum , with the Spanish Dominican Pedro de Soto as the founding rector in Dillingen , which was converted into a university in 1551 . In 1550 he founded a printing company in the same place in order to be able to distribute writings for the defense of the faith and had brought the printer Sebald Mayer to Dillingen for this purpose. Otto von Waldburg's attempts to set up a Jesuit college in Dillingen or Augsburg failed because of the lack of money and the resistance of the cathedral chapter.

In 1552 Otto was expelled from Augsburg by Moritz von Sachsen and stayed in Rome from May 1552 to April 1553, where he was involved in founding the Collegium Germanicum . In 1555 he protested against the concessions that were made to the Protestants in the Peace of Augsburg .

After 1555 he tried more to pastoral care and was advised mainly by Petrus Canisius , whom he appointed as cathedral preacher of Augsburg. In 1555 he transferred the University of Dillingen, which he had founded as a seminary in 1549, to the Jesuit order . He tried to reform his diocese through the diocesan synods in Dillingen in 1543, 1548 and 1567. In 1572 he commissioned Nikolaus Elgard to visit the diocese. Because of his political tasks and his frequent absence from his diocese and his constant financial need, he only succeeded in reforms in part.

Otto did not personally take part in the Council of Trent (1545–1563), but was against concessions to the Protestants in the lay chalice and in the marriage of priests . He was asked for advice by the council on the question of church music . In 1557 Ferdinand I gave him the protectorate of the German nation at the Roman Curia.

From 1559 to 1563 and from 1568 he lived again in Rome, from where he tried to strengthen the resistance of the German Catholics against the Protestants. He had a major influence on the sending of the legates Giovanni Morone in 1555 and Giovanni Francesco Commendone in 1566 to Germany. In 1566 he was able to persuade the Catholic estates at the Reichstag in Augsburg to reject the religious talks and a national council through his influence . In 1568 he achieved the establishment of the Congregatio Germanica at the Curia .

cardinal

Cardinal Otto von Augsburg (representation of Waldburg Castle )
Otto's cardinal coat of arms in Feliciano Ninguarda's register (1570)

When Otto by Pope Paul III. 1544 was raised to the dignity of cardinal, this appointed him in 1545 cardinal priest of Santa Balbina , in 1550 he received by Julius III. the titular church of Santa Sabina (until 1561) and was appointed cardinal priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere in 1561 by Pius IV . From 1562 he officiated as Cardinal Bishop of Albano , briefly became Cardinal Bishop of Sabina in 1570 and in the same year until his death in 1573 finally Cardinal Bishop of Palestrina .

He promoted science and art, was in contact with leading scholars of his time and spent a lot of money on the expansion of his castles, libraries and art collections. His constant financial difficulties led to repeated conflicts with the cathedral chapter, which even wanted to depose him as bishop in 1557.

As a cardinal Otto took part in five conclaves : 1549/1550 , April 1555 , May 1555 , 1559 and 1572 .

On April 3, 1573 he was buried in the church of Santa Maria dell'Anima in Rome. His bones were reburied in Dillingen in 1614 and in the university church there in 1643.

literature

  • Petrus à Rotis: Oratio Congratulatoria Ad Reverendissimum Et Illustrissimum Principem Ac Dominum, Dominum Othonem A Waldpurg, SRE Cardinalem, Episcopum Albanensem, & Augustanum: Archigymnasii Viennensis nomine habita, in festo Pentechostes, Anni 1564 , 1565 ( digitized )
  • Karl Bauder: Otto Trucheß von Waldburg . In: Leaves for Württemberg Church History . NF, 20th century 1916, pp. 1–9 ( digitized version )
  • Thomas Groll, Walter Ansbacher (ed.): Cardinal Otto Truchseß von Waldburg (1514–1573) (= yearbook of the Association for the History of the Augsburg Diocese, 49th year 2015). Kunstverlag Fink, Lindenberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-89870-986-6 ( content )
  • Julius Oswald (Ed.), Otto Truchsess von Waldburg (1514-1573) (= Yearbook of the Historical Association Dillingen an der Donau, 115th year, 2014) (= Jesuitica, Volume 21), Regensburg 2016, ISBN 978-3-7954 -3091-7 .
  • Bernhard Schwarz: Cardinal Otto, Truchseß von Waldburg, Prince-Bishop of Augsburg. His life u. Worked until his election as Prince-Bishop of Augsburg (1514–1543) . Borgmeyer, Hildesheim 1923
  • Ferdinand Siebert : Waldburg Otto . In: Michael Buchberger (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 1st edition. tape 10 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1938.
  • Ferdinand Siebert: Between Emperor and Pope. Cardinal Truchseß von Waldburg and the beginnings of the Counter Reformation in Germany. Berlin 1943
  • Albrecht Stauffer :  Otto . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, pp. 634-640.
  • Maximilian von Waldburg zu Wolfegg and Waldsee: Truchseß von Waldburg, Prince-Bishop of Augsburg. Cardinal Otto. A picture of life . Bader'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Rottenburg 1936
  • Wolfgang Wüst :  Otto Truchseß von Waldburg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , pp. 667-669 ( digitized version ).
  • Wolfgang Wüst: Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn (1545–1617) and Otto Truchsess von Waldburg (1514–1573) - Episcopal reform, rule and denominational concepts in comparison . In: Wolfgang Weiß (Ed.): Prince Bishop Julius Echter - adored, cursed, misunderstood? (Sources and research on the history of the diocese and bishopric of Würzburg 75) Würzburg 2017, pp. 155–180. ISBN 978-3-429-04371-1 .
  • Friedrich Zoepfl : Cardinal Otto Truchseß von Waldburg . In: Götz Freiherr von Pölnitz (Hrsg.): Images of life from Bavarian Swabia . Volume 4. Max Hueber Verlag, Munich 1955, pp. 204–248
  • Friedrich Zoepfl: Waldburg Otto . In: Josef Höfer , Karl Rahner (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 2nd Edition. tape 10 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1965.

Web links

Commons : Otto von Waldburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Konrad von Busch and Franz Xaver Glasschröder : Choir Rule and Younger Sea Book of the Old Speyer Cathedral Chapter , Speyer, Historischer Verein der Pfalz, 1923, page 201
  2. ↑ Otto Bucher: Ignaz Mayer as a printer in Dillingen / Danube (1654–1668). In: Gutenberg yearbook. 1957, pp. 200-206.
  3. ↑ Otto Bucher: Bibliography of the printed works of the Dillinger book printer Ignaz Mayer (1654–1668). In: Börsenblatt for the German book trade - Frankfurt edition. No. 89, November 5, 1968 (= Archive for the History of Books. Volume 62), pp. 2888–2912, here: p. 2888.
predecessor Office successor
Christoph von Stadion Bishop of Augsburg
1543–1573 		Johann Eglof von Knöringen
Cristoforo Madruzzo Cardinal Bishop of Albano
1562–1570 		Giulio della Rovere
Cristoforo Madruzzo Cardinal Bishop of Palestrina
1570–1573 		Giulio della Rovere
Giovanni Battista Cicada Cardinal Bishop of Sabina
1570 		Giulio della Rovere
Heinrich of the Palatinate Prince Provost of Ellwangen
1553–1573 		Christoph von Freyberg-Eisenberg
personal data
SURNAME Waldburg, Otto von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Waldburg-Trauchburg, Otto Truchsess von; Waldburg-Trauchburg, Otto Truchseß von; Cardinal Otto of Augsburg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop of Augsburg
DATE OF BIRTH February 25, 1514
PLACE OF BIRTH Scheer Castle near Sigmaringen
DATE OF DEATH April 2, 1573
Place of death Rome