Julius III.
Julius III. (* September 10, 1487 in Rome ; † March 23, 1555 ibid), actually Giovanni Maria Ciocchi Del Monte , was Pope of the Catholic Church from February 7, 1550 to March 23, 1555 .
Education and ecclesiastical career
As the son of a well-known Roman lawyer, he himself studied law and theology in Perugia and Siena . In 1512 he was named Archbishop of Manfredonia and in 1520 by Pavia . He was appointed cardinal priest of San Vitale as curial lawyer and administrative specialist on December 22, 1536 by Pope Paul III. appointed. From 1542 to 1543 he was cardinal of the titular church of Santa Prassede .
He was instrumental in the preparations for the Council of Trent and became its first chairman. He took much the interests of the Pope against Emperor Charles V . He also remained President after the Council was moved to Bologna in 1547. In 1550, as Pope, he arranged for the Council to be moved back to Trento.
pontificate
After the death of Paul III. he was elected Pope as a compromise candidate after a long conclave that began on November 29, 1549. The pope's name refers to Julius II , the patron of his family. After his election, he first tried to strengthen the imperial side in Italy. After this was unsuccessful, he held back politically here. He carried on the Council of Trent; In the 13th and 14th sessions the decrees on the Eucharist, Confession and the Anointing of the Sick were passed.
His pontificate was strongly influenced by nepotism , although he should have abolished this abuse. In his first consistory of March 30, 1550 , he elevated his adoptive nephew Innocenzo Ciocchi del Monte to cardinal, in the consistory of November 20, 1551 his cousin Cristoforo Ciocchi del Monte , the bishop of Marseille, and in another on December 22, 1553 Roberto de 'Nobili , a nephew, to the rank of cardinal. In 1553 he ordered the burning of all Hebrew books, which led to heavy losses of the flourishing Hebrew printing industry, especially in Italy.
literature
- Pierre Bayle : Jules III. Dictionnaire historique et critique . Issue 15, Paris: Desoer, 1820
- Giampiero Brunelli: Giulio III, papa. In: Mario Caravale (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 57: Giulini – Gonzaga. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2001.
- Giampiero Brunelli: Giulio III . In: Enciclopedia dei papi, Rome 2000
- Francis A. Burkle-Young and Michael Leopoldo Doerrer: The Life of Cardinal Innocenzo del Monte: A Scandal in Scarlet , Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen, 1997
- Giovanni Dall'Orto, Julius III. Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History from Antiquity to World War II. Robert Aldrich and Garry Wotherspoon , London: Routledge, 2001, 234-35
- JND Kelly: The Oxford Dictionary of Popes , Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986
- Herbert Immenkötter: Julius III. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 3, Bautz, Herzberg 1992, ISBN 3-88309-035-2 , Sp. 815-818.
- Entry in the Catholic Encyclopedia , Robert Appleton Company, New York 1913.
Web links
- CIOCCHI DEL MONTE, Giovanni Maria (1487-1555). In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed February 19, 2017.
- Entry to Julius III. on catholic-hierarchy.org
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Paul III |
Pope 1550–1555 |
Marcellus II. |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Julius III. |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Ciocchi Del Monte, Giovan Maria; Del Monte, Giovanni Maria (real name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Pope (1550–1555) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 10, 1487 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Rome |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 23, 1555 |
| Place of death | Rome |