Christoph von Stadion

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The grave of Christoph von Stadion at St. Peter's Basilica in Dillingen.

Christoph von Stadion (* mid-March 1478 in Schelklingen ; † April 15, 1543 in Nuremberg ) was bishop of Augsburg from 1517 to 1543 .

origin

Ancestral coat of arms of the noble family of Stadion

Christoph von Stadium came from the original in Oberstadion in Upper Swabia local noble family of the stadium , and in mid-March was born in 1478 in Schelklingen. Christoph was a son of Nikolaus (or Claus) von Stadion and Agatha von Validlingen. The father Nikolaus was not the lord of the lords of Ehingen, Schelklingen and Berg, as it is often called, but came from the so-called Alsatian line of the lords of Stadion. When Christoph von Stadion was growing up, Burkhard von Stadion was a pawnbroker († 1493), a nephew of the first Stadion'schen pawnbroker, Hans des Reichen von Stadion († 1458).

Decisive for the settlement of his father Nikolaus in Schelklingen - in addition to the possession of the pledge by the relatives of the so-called Swabian Line - was probably that Nikolaus' brother Konrad von Stadion was the daughter of Georg von Wernau, who sat in Altheim before January 17, 1486 (Ehingen), called Clara, had married. With this, Konrad von Stadion came into the majority ownership of the nearby village of Altheim. The lords of Wernau, who sat in Altheim, were wealthy in Schelklingen as early as the 15th century (Wernauer Schlößle).

So it was natural that Nikolaus von Stadion also settled near his brother Konrad. Shortly before 1475, Nicholas bought a house in Schelklingen. This house is probably the house where Christoph von Stadion was born. It has not yet been possible to determine where it was. The stadiums lien included ownership and right of residence at Hohenschelklingen Castle, but Christoph was more likely to have been born in the house of his father Nikolaus down in town. The father Nikolaus von Stadion died in 1507 and the younger brother of Christoph, who was also called Claus (Nikolaus) like his father, sold the house in 1514 to Ludwig von Freyberg zu Neusteußlingen, the son-in-law of Lutz von Freyberg zu Öpfingen (since 1507 the new pledgee of Herrschaft Ehingen, Schelklingen and Berg) and Sibylla Gossembrod, married to their daughter Johanna.

School and study

Accordingly, Christoph spent the first years of his life among the Schelklingen citizens and the children of the local nobility. He certainly attended the municipal Latin school in Schelklingen. In Schelklingen he probably made the acquaintance of Heinrich Bebel, who was six years older than him, and Wolfgang Bebel , who was thirteen years younger , who also attended the Latin school in Schelklingen in order to later study in Tübingen. At the age of 12 on April 22, 1490 , Christoph enrolled at the University of Tübingen . On December 15, 1491, he was awarded a bachelor's degree in the faculty of artists, and on January 28, 1494, he received his master's degree from the faculty of artists. This entry refers to him as "de Schelklingen". He then studied spiritual law in Bologna and did his doctorate there. 1500 returned from the stadium to Germany and rose in Augsburg in a short time to the bishop's council, then to canon (1507), then to official and finally to cathedral dean in 1515 . He also received the rank of Imperial Councilor .

Woodcut from 1517 of the coats of arms of the two Augsburg bishops Heinrich von Lichtenau (approx. 1445–1517) and Christoph von Stadion (1478–1543). Each left (genealogical right) Hochstift Augsburg and right (genealogical left) paternal coat of arms

Bishop of Augsburg

Soon afterwards, the then Augsburg Bishop Heinrich IV. Von Lichtenau (1443–1517) elected him as his coadjutor in consultation with the cathedral chapter . On April 10, 1517, Christoph von Stadion was entrusted with the right of succession by Pope Leo X. and finally consecrated bishop on July 5, 1517 in the Dillinger parish church by Eichstätter Prince-Bishop Gabriel von Eyb (1455-1535).

The beginning of his episcopal activity was dominated by the Reformation , which from 1517 gradually reached southern Germany. Martin Luther himself spoke to Cardinal Thomas Cajetan at the Diet of Augsburg from October 12 to 14, 1518 and counted many followers in the city. At first von Stadion took a very tough position against this tendency, which can be seen, among other things, from a severe judgment against Caspar Aquila (1488–1560), the pastor of Jengen - he awarded him the bull of excommunication because he was in the new Lutheran Preached senses.

In the following years, von Stadion left this attitude more and more, which is largely attributed to the influence of Erasmus of Rotterdam (1465–1536), with whom he had been in contact since 1528. He showed a conciliatory attitude , especially when the Confessio Augustana was proclaimed on June 25, 1530 at the Reichstag in Augsburg. However, he himself was in distress due to the Reformation: On January 18, 1537, a council decree was published in the Free Imperial City of Augsburg, which suppressed the Roman Catholic life in the city and forced the entire clergy to leave. The seat of the bishopric of Augsburg then became Dillingen on the Danube , where the bishop resided in Dillingen Castle from then on .

Christoph von Stadion never returned to Augsburg and died on April 15, 1543 in the St. Egidienkloster in Nuremberg, where he worked as Imperial Commissioner at the Reichstag there. His body was brought to Dillingen and buried in the local parish church. In the St. Egidien Church in Nuremberg , Emperor Charles V had a cast metal epitaph built next to the choir altar in his memory .

Works

literature

  • Freyberg-Eisenberg, Max Freiherr von (1884): Genealogical history of the family of the Freiherrn von Freyberg, compiled from documentary sources by Max Freiherrn von Freyberg-Eisenberg . Extended u. improved edition. Edited by Franz Rothenbacher. Mannheim: self-published, 2011.
  • Hermelink, Heinrich (1906), The matriculations of the University of Tübingen . First volume: The registers from 1477–1600 . Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer (matriculation no. 49 of April 22, 1490 “Cristoferus de Stadion”; later “Chr. Stadion de Schelklingen”).
  • Manfred Hörner:  Stadium, Christoph von. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 10, Bautz, Herzberg 1995, ISBN 3-88309-062-X , Sp. 1087-1090.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Jesse, Horst (1980), Christoph von Stadion, Bishop of Augsburg during the Reformation period 1517–1544. Journal for Bavarian Church History, Vol. 49, pp. 86–122.
  • Schlechter, Armin (2010), New Contributions to Southwest German Book and Library History around 1500. Zeitschrift für Württembergische Landesgeschichte Vol. 69, pp. 195–221.
  • Schübelin, Eugen (1906), Two famous Schelklingers. In: Leaves of the Swabian Alb Association Vol. 18, columns 173–180 (about Christoph von Stadion and Konrad von Bemelberg).
  • Schwarzmaier, Hansmartin, Jörg Martin and Wilfried Schöntag (edit.) (2007), From the archives of the Counts of Stadium: Documents and official books of the Count of Schönborn's archive in the Oberstadion . Konstanz and Eggingen: Edition Isele (= Documenta Suevica, Vol. 14).
  • Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.) (1981), European Family Tables . New Series Vol. IV. Able Magnificent houses I . Marburg: JA Stargardt, plates 156–160 (The (Counts of) Stadium).
  • Anton von Steichele :  Christoph von Stadion . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, pp. 224-227.
  • Stiefenhofer, Dominikus (1880), Chronicle of the Count's Family from Stadion . Oberstadion: Typescript, p. 42 ff.
  • Constantin von Wurzbach : Stadium, Christoph von . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 37th part. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing House, Vienna 1878, p. 25 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Zapf, Georg Wilhelm (1799), Christoph von Stadion, Bishop of Augsburg: A story from the times of the Reformation . Zurich: Orell, Füßli (full text PDF http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10310009-1 ).
  • Zoepfl, Friedrich (1959), Bishop Christoph von Stadion (1478–1543). In: Götz Freiherr von Pölnitz (ed.), Pictures of Life from Bavarian Swabia . Vol. 7, pp. 125-160. Munich: Max Hueber.
  • Zoepfl, Friedrich (1969), The Diocese of Augsburg and its Bishops in the Reformation Century . Munich. Schnell & Steiner; Augsburg: Winfried-Werk, pp. 1–172 (= History of the Diocese of Augsburg and its Bishops, Vol. II).
  • Friedrich Zoepfl :  Christoph von Stadion. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 242 f. ( Digitized version ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart H 234 Bd. 5 Urspringer Urbar from 1475, fol. 21 "Item Clauss von Stadion has ain huss köfft vmb Vlrich Hettichen vnd lit between Aubely Coppen huss vnd Vlrichs Hettich huss dar vß gat dem gotz huss vß dem huss vnd garden xv ß heller."
  2. ↑ Albert Schilling (1881), The Reichsherrschaft Justingen: A contribution to the history of the Alb and Upper Swabia . Stuttgart: Sailer and Mollenkopf, p. 49 Note 1. Schilling throws this Ludwig together with Ludwig von Freyberg zu Neusteusslingen (* Neusteusslingen 1491, + Beihingen 1569), who in 1534 acquired the rule of Beihingen am Neckar . But this was a son of Eglof von Freyberg zu Neusteusslingen and Agatha von Stadion. In the Freyberg family history of 1884 this latter Ludwig is missing (Max Freiherrn von Freyberg-Eisenberg 1884, fol. 75-76).
  3. ↑ Hermelink 1906, p. 79, No. 49: "Cristoferus de Stadion"; "Chr. Stadium de Schelklingen ”.
predecessor Office successor
Heinrich IV of Lichtenau Bishop of Augsburg
1517–1543 		Otto Truchsess von Waldburg
personal data
SURNAME Stadium, Christoph von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stadium, Christoph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop of Augsburg (1517–1543)
DATE OF BIRTH March 1478
PLACE OF BIRTH Rogue blades
DATE OF DEATH April 15, 1543
Place of death Nuremberg