April 15th
The April 15 is the 105th day of the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years ), thus remain still 260 days until the end of the year.
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Historic anniversaries March · April · May |
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Events
Politics and world events
- 73 : After a year-long siege, the Roman Legio X Fretensis under Lucius Flavius Silva Nonius Bassus takes the Jewish rock fortress Masada, defended by 973 Zealots under the leadership of Eleazar ben Ja'ir , and thus ends the Jewish war . They only find seven survivors, two women and five children; all others have chosen to commit suicide or have been killed by their families.
- 1071 : The hungry residents of Bari surrender to the Normans under Robert Guiskard after three years of siege . The Byzantine Empire loses its remaining territory in southern Italy.
- 1191 : Henry VI. Pope Coelestin III of the Staufer family . who resisted it, was crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in Rome .
- 1218 : The Golden Handfests certificate is issued by King Friedrich II in Frankfurt am Main. Bern receives city rights and becomes a Free Imperial City . The document is said to be a forgery, but the attached imperial seal is real.
- 1450 : France achieves a decisive victory in the Battle of Formigny against an army of the English in the final phase of the Hundred Years War .
- 1621 : The Mayflower sets sail to return to England from the newly established colony of Plymouth .
- 1632 : In the Battle of Rain am Lech , the Swedes under King Gustav II Adolf defeat the troops of the Catholic League during the Thirty Years' War . Their general Johann T'Serclaes von Tilly dies 15 days later from a gunshot wound in the thigh.
- 1638 : In Japan , the rebels of the Christian Shimabara uprising under Amakusa Shirō are defeated by the shogunate that occupies the last fortress, Hara. The underdogs are beheaded by the thousands . The Christianity in Japan survived only underground.
- 1683 : A uniform Danish legal code, the Danske Lov , is put into effect by King Christian V and replaces traditional rights of the regions.
- 1736 : Rebellious Corsicans rise against the rule of the Republic of Genoa and proclaim the Westphalian Theodor von Neuhoff as King Theodor I, the first and only king in the history of Corsica .
- 1745 : In the Battle of Pfaffenhofen during the War of the Austrian Succession , Austrian troops under Karl Josef Batthyány defeat a French- Bavarian- Electoral Palatinate army and take Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm . The defeated Bavaria left the coalition against the Pragmatic Sanction only a few days later .
- 1796 : Austrian troops under Joseph Philipp Vukasović appear one day late for the battle of Dego , but can cause confusion in the victorious Napoleonic Italian army and hold out against the superior forces with captured cannons for a while before they have to retreat.
- 1798 : The Republic of Geneva loses its independence through annexation . As the Département du Léman , France forcibly incorporated it in the second attempt after 1792.
- 1809 : Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria crosses the Pilitza with most of his troops and invades the Duchy of Warsaw , where he disseminates a proclamation against France and Napoleon Bonaparte . The Austrian campaign against the Duchy of Warsaw as part of the Fifth Coalition War lasted until July 15.
- 1834 : The second uprising of the silk weavers in Lyon is bloodily suppressed by army units. Over 600 people lost their lives in the rebellion lasting several days.
- 1865 : After the assassination of Abraham Lincoln , his Vice President Andrew Johnson is sworn in as the 17th US President.
- 1900 : In the Chinese empire of the Qing Dynasty , the boxer movement is banned, which has little effect as it finds allies among the regular Chinese troops.
- 1941 : The German Air Force carries out an air raid on Belfast during World War II . Over 1,000 people are killed in the Belfast Blitz .
- 1945 : In Gardelegen , US troops discover the scene of the massacre in the Isenschnibber field barn of 1,016 concentration camp prisoners. Immediately they begin with their documentation and preservation of evidence of the traces of this final phase crime , one of the largest Nazi death march crimes in Europe.
- 1945 : The Bergen-Belsen concentration camp is liberated by handing it over to British-Canadian troops under Bernard Montgomery without a fight .
- 1945 : Karl Renner , designated by the Soviets to form a provisional Austrian government, writes his letter to Stalin .
- 1961 : In preparation for the Bay of Pigs invasion, US warplanes bearing Cuban emblems bomb three airfields in Cuba . Five planes are shot down.
- 1962 : Georges Pompidou becomes Prime Minister of France under President Charles de Gaulle .
- 1974 : President Hamani Diori is overthrown in an army coup in Niger , accused of corruption and inefficient handling of aid supplies during the famine in the Sahel . His successor is Seyni Kountché .
- 1986 : In retaliation for the attack on the La Belle discotheque in Berlin on April 5, in which two US soldiers were killed, the US Air Force bombs the Libyan cities of Tripoli and Benghazi , killing 36 people. This attack is believed to be the catalyst for the Lockerbie attack two years later.
- 1989 : The reformist Hu Yaobang dies in China . His death two days later led to the first demonstrations in Tian'anmen Square in Beijing .
- 1996 : The politician and former minister Mona Sahlin renounces her mandate in the Swedish parliament as a result of the Toblerone affair .
- 2001 : In Kazakhstan , under President Nursultan Nazarbayev, a new restrictive press law comes into force that allows control of foreign television programs and the Internet .
- 2003 : The Palestinian terrorist Abu Abbas is captured by US soldiers in Iraq. He had been wanted since 1985 as the mastermind behind the kidnapping of Achille Lauro, convicted in Italy .
- 2019 : In a major fire , the roof structure of the Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral burns down completely and its crossing tower collapses.
economy
- 1775 : In Arc-et-Senans the foundation stone for the by the architect Claude-Nicolas Ledoux on behalf of King Louis XVI. planned royal salt works . It is one of the most important construction projects of the so-called revolutionary architecture .
- 1812 : After the French occupation brought freedom to trade in the Hanseatic city of Lübeck , the former council pharmacist Adolph Christoph Sager announces the establishment of the private Löwenapotheke at Johannisstrasse 5.
- 1892 : The two rival companies Edison General Electric Company and Thomson-Houston Company are merged to form the General Electric Company , based in Schenectady , New York.
- 1994 : The agreement to found the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) is signed in Marrakech , Morocco . The aim of the organization is the dismantling of trade barriers and thus the liberalization of international trade with the further aim of international free trade . It started its work on January 1st, 1995.
- 2010 : The ash cloud from the erupted Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull leads to massive disruption of air traffic in Europe for days .
science and technology
- 136 BC Chr . : A total solar eclipse occurs over Babylon . The exact records of this allow astronomers to calculate the slowdown in the rotation of the earth that has occurred since then .
- 1755 : After nine years of labor, Samuel Johnson publishes his Dictionary of the English Language . It is still considered to be one of the most influential dictionaries in the history of the English language .
- 1779 : The French astronomer Charles Messier discovers a spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo , which he records as number 58 in his directory .
- 1784 : While observing the sky in the constellation of Virgo, the German-British astronomer Wilhelm Herschel finds the objects NGC 3833 and NGC 5506, as well as the galaxy NGC 5248 in the constellation Bear Guardian , in addition to the lens-shaped galaxy NGC 4417 belonging to the Virgo galaxy cluster .
- 1817 : In Hartford, Connecticut , Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc found America's first school for the deaf, the Connecticut Asylum for the Education and Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons .
- 1866 : In Tanis , the Prussian Egyptologist Richard Lepsius finds the Canopus decree of an Egyptian synod of priests on a limestone stele . The stele with a calendar regulation was built in 237 BC. BC and survived the times under rubble.
- 1875 : The French Joseph Crocé-Spinelli and Théodore Sivel died of a lack of oxygen at an altitude of about 8,000 meters during a balloon flight for the purpose of spectroscopic investigations . The third participant, Gaston Tissandier , survived and was able to land, but is now deaf .
- 1928 : The Australian polar explorer Hubert Wilkins takes off on a trans arctic flight with pilot Carl Ben Eielson . In Point Barrow , Alaskan , the plane takes off with the aim of Svalbard .
- 1928 : Umberto Nobile's semi-rigid airship Italia starts his North Pole expedition to Spitsbergen from Milan, Italy . Its crash on May 25 leads to one of the most extensive rescue operations in the history of the North Pole expeditions .
- 1952 : The American long-range bomber Boeing B-52 Stratofortress completes its maiden flight.
- 2016 : The largest lock in the world, the Kieldrecht lock, starts operating in Antwerp .
Culture
- 1582 : The Kronborg fortress on the Danish island of Zealand , which was expanded into a castle by order of King Frederick II of Denmark and Norway , is inaugurated. The construction work will then take another three years.
- 1738 : The opera Serse by Georg Friedrich Handel , HWV 40 , is premiered in London's Kings' Theater . The famous castrato Caffarelli sings the title role, but he is not enthusiastic about the role. The piece is canceled after five performances and has not been played for almost 200 years.
- 1799 : The premiere of the opera Montano et Stéphanie by Henri Montan Berton takes place at the Opéra-Comique in Paris.
- 1839 : The comic opera Les treize by Jacques Fromental Halévy is premiered at the Opéra-Comique in Paris.
- 1865 : The comic opera Le Bœuf Apis by Léo Delibes has its world premiere at the Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens in Paris.
- 1874 : Thirty painters exhibit their works in the studio of the photographer Nadar in Paris . This also includes Claude Monet's painting “Impression, soleil levant” ( Impression, sunrise ). The inspired article heading L'exposition des Impressionnistes gives the new art direction Impressionism its name.
- 1907 : The veristic opera Gloria by Francesco Cilea is premiered at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan.
- 1921 : The operetta Der Vetter aus Dingsda by the composer Eduard Künneke is premiered in Berlin, which will become his most successful piece. The libretto is by Herman Haller and Fritz Oliven .
- 1922 : The world premiere of the operetta Verliebte Menschen by Eduard Künneke with the libretto by Herman Haller and Fritz Oliven takes place at the Theater am Nollendorfplatz in Berlin.
- 1928 : The opera Spring Awakening by Max Ettinger based on the play of the same name by Frank Wedekind is premiered in Leipzig.
- 1942 : The Singspiel Dornröschen or Die drei Urewigen by Cesar Bresgen with the libretto by Otto Reuther is premiered in Strasbourg.
- 1972 : The oratorio Das Raft der Medusa by Hans Werner Henze , dedicated to Che Guevara , is staged for the first time in Nuremberg, after the first performance had failed four years earlier in Hamburg.
society
- 1920 : Two men armed with small arms shoot dead two employees of the Slater & Morrill Shoe Company in South Braintree, Massachusetts . The perpetrators stole $ 15,776.51 in wages. A little later, Ferdinando "Nicola" Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti are arrested for this act.
- 1951 : Hermann Gmeiner opens the first SOS Children's Village in Imst in Tyrol . The first house is named House of Peace .
- 1958 : The kidnapping of Joachim Göhner in Stuttgart is the first kidnapping in the Federal Republic of Germany. The perpetrator strangles the seven-year-old, but demands a ransom from the father .
- 2003 : A court in Amsterdam sentenced the murderer of Dutch right-wing populist Pim Fortuyn to 18 years in prison.
- 2013 : The attack on the Boston Marathon kills three people and injures 264 others.
religion
- 1949 : Pope Pius XII. in the encyclical Redemptoris nostri cruciatus pleads for the internationalization of Jerusalem on the basis of the UN partition plan , the right of return of refugees and the protection of holy places and places in Palestine .
- 1979 : In the apostolic constitution Sapientia Christiana , Pope John Paul II issues an ordinance concerning the ecclesiastical universities and faculties .
Disasters
- 1912 : The luxury liner Titanic sinks in the Atlantic at 2:20 a.m. after colliding with an iceberg. Between 1490 and 1517 people die. The RMS Carpathia , which was the first to arrive at the scene of the accident, only found lifeboats.
-
1917 : The former ocean liner Cameronia , which has been converted into a troop transport , is sunk east of Malta by the German submarine U 33 . 210 people die.
- 1979 : Earthquake in Montenegro , Yugoslavia, with severe damage in the republic, such as the old town of Kotor , and in northern Albania .
- 1989 : In the Hillsborough disaster at Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield , Northern England , many Liverpool fans are pressed together in a crowded grandstand at the FA Cup game Nottingham Forest against Liverpool FC . 96 people lose their lives, 730 are injured.
- 1997 : A fire breaks out on a camp site for Muslim pilgrims in Mecca , killing 343 people and injuring around 1,500.
- 2002 : A Boeing 767 of Air China , coming from Beijing, collapsed at the last landing attempt at Busan , South Korea, in a wooded area. 128 of the 166 people on board are killed.
Minor accidents are listed in the sub-articles of Catastrophe .
Sports
- 1888 : A couple of friends found the football club BFC Germania 1888 in the Berlin suburb of Tempelhof . Today it is the oldest still existing football club in Germany.
- 1896 : The first modern Olympic Games end with the closing ceremony in the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens . The Briton George Stuart Robertson delivers a self-composed classical ode , which King George is so enthusiastic about that he spontaneously honors the athlete with a sprig of laurel. Then the Olympic champions are honored . The most outstanding athletes are the Germans Carl Schuhmann , Hermann Weingärtner and Fritz Hofmann . The most successful countries are the USA and Greece.
- 1947 : Jackie Robinson becomes the first black baseball player to play with the Brooklyn Dodgers at Ebbets Field to make his major league baseball debut . Within a year, the previously separate Negro League Baseball will be history.
Born
Before the 18th century
- 1282 : Frederick IV , Duke of Lorraine
- 1340 : Angelo Acciaioli , Italian bishop and cardinal of the Catholic Church
- 1452 : Leonardo da Vinci , Italian polymath
- 1469 : Nanak Dev , Indian saint and founder of Sikhism
- 1523 : Blaise de Vigenère , French diplomat and cryptographer
- 1525 : Tilemann Stella , German librarian, mathematician, geometer, cartographer and astronomer
- 1545 : Charles II , Duke of Münsterberg and Oels
- 1554 : Simon VI. , Graf zur Lippe
- 1563 : Johann Hartmann Beyer , German doctor, mathematician and councilor
- 1563 : Arjan Dev , guru of the Sikhs
- 1567 : Johann Ludwig I , Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein
- 1584 : Henning Cramer von Clausbruch , merchant, diplomat and mayor of the free imperial city of Goslar
- 1585 : Adam von Herberstorff , Bavarian governor of Upper Austria
- 1588 : Claudius Salmasius , French classical philologist and polymath
- 1594 : Georg von Frantzke , German lawyer and court official
- 1620 : Christoph Schelhammer , German medic
- 1624 : Andrés Lorente Spanish music theorist, organist and composer
- 1642 : Suleyman II , Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
- 1646 : Christian V , King of Denmark and Norway
- 1659 : Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt , Swedish general
- 1662 : Fernando de Alencastre Noroña y Silva , Spanish officer, colonial administrator and viceroy of New Spain
- 1682 : Jan van Huysum , Dutch painter
- 1684 : Catherine I , Tsarina of Russia
- 1688 : Johann Friedrich Fasch , German baroque musician and composer
- 1695 : Hermann Werner von Bossart , priest, diplomat and canon in Cologne
18th century
- 1703 : Luisa Bergalli , Venetian poet and librettist
- 1707 : Claude-Louis, comte de Saint-Germain , French minister of war and Marshal of France
- 1707 : Leonhard Euler , Swiss mathematician
- 1710 : Marie Camargo , French dancer
- 1710 : William Cullen , Scottish medic and chemist
- 1711 : Stefano Evodio Assemani , Arab orientalist
- 1714 : Claude Yvon , French theologian and encyclopedist
- 1723 : Franz Balthasar Schönberg von Brenkenhoff , Prussian state landlord
- 1724 : Friedrich IV. , Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
- 1728 : Giovanni Alessandro Brambilla , Italian doctor and military surgeon
- 1730 : Felice Fontana , Italian natural scientist
- 1733 : Johann Heinrich Zang , German baroque composer
- 1741 : Charles Willson Peale , American portrait and landscape painter
- 1751 : Friedrich August Wiedeburg , German pedagogue and philologist
- 1759 : Carl Leberecht Messow , German Protestant clergyman
- 1766 : Friedrich Ludewig Bouterweck , German philosopher and writer
- 1767 : Ludwig Wachler , German literary historian
- 1770 : Nina d'Aubigny von Engelbrunner , German writer, singer and music teacher
- 1771 : Karl Philipp zu Schwarzenberg , Austrian general
- 1772 : Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire , French zoologist
- 1781 : Christian Schreiber , German theologian, philologist, philosopher, poet and educationalist
- 1786 : John Franklin , British polar explorer
- 1792 : Anastasio Mártir Aquino San Carlos , Indian prince
- 1793 : Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve , German astronomer
- 1798 : Ludwig Hofacker , Protestant theologian
- 1799 : Franz Georg Stammann , German architect
- 1800 : James Clark Ross , British explorer and navigator
19th century
1801-1850
- 1801 : Fritz Tillisch , Danish lawyer, landlord and minister
- 1806 : Émile Souvestre , French novelist and stage poet
- 1809 : Ernst Deger , German painter
- 1809 : Hermann Graßmann , German mathematician
- 1810 : Karl Georg Winkelblech , German economist
- 1812 : Théodore Rousseau , French painter
- 1813 : Theodor Kotschy , Austrian botanist
- 1814 : Karl Goedeke , German literary historian
- 1814 : John Lothrop Motley , American diplomat and historian
- 1814 : Adalbert Schnizlein , German botanist
- 1820 : Armand Barthet , French poet
- 1821 : Joseph E. Brown , American politician
- 1828 : Johanna Mestorf , archaeologist, first female museum director in Germany
- 1832 : Wilhelm Busch , German poet and draftsman
- 1832 : Herbert Vaughan , British clergyman, Archbishop of Westminster, Order founder, Cardinal
- 1834 : Eugen Lucius , German chemist, industrialist and patron
- 1836 : George Engel , German anarchist
- 1841 : Henry Harrison Aplin , American politician
- 1843 : Henry James , American writer
- 1843 : Franz Schwackhöfer , Austrian chemist, professor and university director
- 1845 : Moritz Erdmann , German painter from the Munich School
- 1848 : Richard Kissling , Swiss sculptor
1851-1900
- 1852 : Josef Freinademetz , Austrian Catholic religious, China missionary and saint
- 1855 : Jakob Minor , Austrian literary scholar
- 1856 : Jean Moréas , Franco-Greek poet
- 1865 : Olga Boznańska , Polish painter
- 1866 : Robert Livingston Beeckman , American politician
- 1867 : Max Sannemann , German composer and music teacher
- 1868 : Francisco Braga , Brazilian composer
- 1870 : Mina Benson Hubbard , Canadian explorer
- 1871 : Jonathan Zenneck , German physicist and radio pioneer
- 1873 : Juliette Atkinson , American tennis player
- 1874 : Heinrich Langwost , German politician, MdL, MdR
- 1874 : Karl Ernst Osthaus , German art patron, planner and designer
- 1874 : Johannes Stark , German physicist, Nobel Prize winner
- 1875 : James J. Jeffries , American boxer and world heavyweight champion
- 1876 : Raoul Auernheimer , Austrian lawyer, journalist and writer
- 1877 : Georg Kolbe , German sculptor
- 1877 : Arthur Werner , German politician
- 1878 : Robert Walser , Swiss writer
- 1879 : Karl Bösch , Austrian politician
- 1879 : Alexander Gleichmann von Oven , German rower
- 1880 : Max Wertheimer , German gestalt psychologist, co-founder of gestalt theory and psychology
- 1882 : Giovanni Amendola , Italian journalist and politician
- 1883 : Stanley Bruce , Australian politician, Prime Minister
- 1883 : Lucien Molon , French racing car driver
- 1885 : Franz Böhme , Austrian officer and general of the mountain troops in the German armed forces, alleged war criminal
- 1885 : Tadeusz Kutrzeba , Polish general
- 1885 : Hans Rose , German naval officer and submarine commander
- 1886 : Frank E. Adcock , British ancient historian
- 1886 : Nikolai Stepanowitsch Gumiljow , Russian poet
- 1886 : Heinrich Höcker , German politician, Lord Mayor of Herford, Member of the Bundestag, Member of the Bundestag
- 1888 : Hermann Köhl , German aviation pioneer, first to cross the Atlantic in an east-west direction
- 1889 : August Adolphi , German local politician
- 1889 : Galka Scheyer , German-American painter, art dealer and collector
- 1890 : Billy DeBeck , American comic book artist
- 1891 : Karl Alwin , German conductor
- 1891 : Peter Horn , German politician, Member of the Bundestag, Member of the Bundestag
- 1891 : Väinö Raitio , Finnish composer
- 1891 : Wallace Reid , American actor
- 1892 : Corrie ten Boom , Dutch Christian, savior of many Jews from the Holocaust, Righteous Among the Nations
- 1892 : Gregor Schwake , German Benedictine and priest, church musician, composer and poet, staunch critic of National Socialism
- 1892 : Cesare Zerba , Italian Roman Catholic theologian, bishop and cardinal
- 1893 : William C. McGann , American film director, special effects designer, and cameraman
- 1894 : Nikita Sergejewitsch Khrushchev , Soviet politician, party leader, head of government
- 1894 : Theodor Heckel , German Protestant theologian and bishop
- 1894 : Edith von Sanden-Guja , German animal sculptor and painter
- 1894 : Bessie Smith , American blues singer
- 1895 : Corrado Alvaro , Italian writer
- 1895 : Clark McConachy , New Zealand snooker and English billiards player, world champion
- 1896 : Gerhard Fieseler , German aircraft designer
- 1896 : Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Semjonow , Russian physical chemist, Nobel Prize winner
- 1898 : Peter DePaolo , American racing car driver
- 1898 : Ria Ginster , German singer and singing teacher
- 1898 : Flemming Weis , Danish composer
- 1899 : Curtis Bernhardt , German-American film director
- 1900 : Zygmunt Modzelewski , Polish politician and economist
- 1900 : Wilhelm Wagenfeld , German consumer designer
20th century
1901-1925
- 1901 : Joe Davis , English snooker and billiards player
- 1901 : René Pleven , French politician
- 1903 : Erich Arendt , German poet and literary translator
- 1903 : Gerd Horseling , German politician
- 1903 : John Williams , British actor
- 1904 : Arshile Gorky , American painter
- 1905 : Bernard Addison , American jazz guitarist and banjo player
- 1906 : Christian Frederik von Schalburg , leader of the Danish volunteers of the Waffen SS
- 1907 : Gerald Abrahams , British chess player, composer and author of mostly legal and chess-specific books
- 1907 : Jean Fourastié , French economist
- 1907 : Nikolaas Tinbergen , Dutch behavioral biologist, Nobel Prize winner
- 1907 : Giselher Wirsing , German journalist
- 1908 : Eden Ahbez , American composer
- 1908 : Lita Gray , American actress
- 1908 : Ernst Lehmann , German politician, resistance fighter
- 1908 : Richard Löwenthal , German political scientist and publicist
- 1909 : Leo Gottesleben , German politician
- 1910 : Miguel Najdorf , Polish chess grandmaster
- 1911 : Yuri Arbatsky , composer and folklorist
- 1912 : Kim Il-sung , North Korean politician
- 1913 : Hans Egon Holthusen , German poet
- 1913 : Bärbel Inhelder , Swiss developmental psychologist
- 1913 : Werner Muensterberger German psychoanalyst, ethnologist and art historian
- 1913 : Johannes Overath , German Catholic theologian and priest
- 1913 : Manfred Schmidt , German comic artist and humorous travel writer
- 1913 : Lotte Strauss , German pathologist
- 1915 : Walter Washington , American politician
- 1919 : Fernando Namora , Portuguese writer
- 1920 : Robert Aulotte , French Romance studies and literary scholar
- 1920 : Thomas Szasz , American psychiatrist
- 1920 : Richard von Weizsäcker , German politician, Governing Mayor of Berlin, Federal President
- 1921 : Georgi Beregowoi , Soviet cosmonaut
- 1921 : Ray Poole , American football player
- 1922 : Michael Ansara , American actor
- 1922 : Hans-Joachim Baeuchle , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
- 1922 : Bruno Merk , Bavarian Minister of the Interior
- 1922 : Jacques Normand , Canadian singer and entertainer
- 1922 : Harold Washington , American politician
- 1922 : Graham Whitehead , British racing car driver
- 1922 : Siegfried Wischnewski , German actor
- 1923 : Otto Schnellbacher , American football player
- 1924 : Neville Marriner , British conductor and violinist
- 1925 : Peter Zwetkoff , Bulgarian composer
1926-1950
- 1927 : Wolf Häfele , German physicist
- 1927 : Robert L. Mills , American physicist
- 1928 : Hanna-Renate Laurien , German politician
- 1929 : Roland Cardon , Belgian composer and professor
- 1929 : Renate Rössing , German photographer
- 1930 : Richard Davis , American jazz bassist
- 1930 : Vigdís Finnbogadóttir , Icelandic politician, President
- 1930 : Herb Pomeroy , American jazz trumpeter
- 1931 : Tomas Tranströmer , Swedish poet, translator and psychologist, Nobel Prize winner
- 1932 : Eva Figes , British writer, social critic and activist against traditional realistic literature
- 1933 : Roy Clark , American country musician
- 1933 : David Hamilton , British fine art photographer
- 1933 : Elizabeth Montgomery , American film actress
- 1936 : Rainer Hess , German Romance scholar, Lusitanist and literary scholar
- 1936 : Raymond Poulidor , French cyclist
- 1936 : Héctor Quintanar , Mexican composer
- 1937 : Michael Armacost , American business manager and diplomat
- 1937 : Werner Labsch , German politician
- 1938 : Claudia Cardinale , Italian actress
- 1938 : Abdul Rahman bin Haji Abbas , Malaysian politician
- 1938 : Walter Scholz , German trumpeter
- 1938 : Willi Wrenger , German football player
- 1938 : Manfred Zucker , German chess problem composer
- 1939 : Marty Wilde , British rock 'n' roll singer
- 1940 : Jeffrey Archer , British politician and writer
- 1940 : Wilfried Erdmann , German single-handed sailor
- 1940 : Josef Romano , Israeli weightlifter
- 1941 : Jochen van Aerssen , German politician
- 1941 : Roland Astor , Austrian actor, musical performer, radio play speaker and voice actor
- 1942 : Ginette Acevedo , Chilean singer
- 1942 : Eberhard Wille , German economist
- 1943 : Mariann Fischer Boel , Danish politician
- 1943 : Robert Lefkowitz , American chemist, Nobel Prize winner
- 1944 : Dave Edmunds , British musician
- 1945 : Dagmar Frederic , German entertainer
- 1945 : Milton Peláez , Dominican rock musician, composer and comedian
- 1946 : Francis Antonysamy , Indian bishop
- 1946 : Friedrich Chlubna , Austrian chess problem composer
- 1946 : Beate Morgenstern , German writer
- 1946 : Winfried Nachtwei , German politician
- 1946 : Willi Neuberger , German soccer player
- 1947 : Bill Aitken , Scottish politician
- 1947 : Bojoura , Dutch pop and folk singer
- 1947 : Mike Chapman , Australian songwriter and record producer
- 1947 : Sepp Krassnitzer , Austrian musician
- 1948 : Michael Kamen , American composer
- 1949 : Alla Borisovna Pugacheva , Russian singer and composer
- 1949 : Matthias Wissmann , German politician
- 1950 : Abd ar-Rahman ibn Hamad al-Attiyya , Qatari diplomat and politician
- 1950 : Gottfried Glassner , Austrian Catholic theologian and Benedictine
- 1950 : Declan Ronan Lang , British clergyman, Roman Catholic Bishop of Clifton, England
- 1950 : Azmi Mohamed Megahed , Egyptian volleyball player
1951-1975
- 1951 : Michael Fahres , German composer
- 1951 : Harald Fuchs , German physicist
- 1951 : Bernhard Lassahn , German writer
- 1951 : John Lynch Phillips , American astronaut
- 1952 : Sam McMurray , American actor
- 1953 : Klaus Angermann , German musicologist and opera dramaturge
- 1953 : Karl Daxbacher , Austrian football coach
- 1953 : Katsunori Iketani , Japanese racing car driver
- 1953 : Peter Stauber , Austrian politician
- 1954 : Michael Helmrath , German oboist, conductor and general music director
- 1954 : Florian Poser , German vibraphonist and composer
- 1954 : Viktor Pynsenyk , Ukrainian politician
- 1954 : Barbara Schneider-Kempf , German librarian
- 1954 : Ewald Schurer , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
- 1954 : Seka , American porn actress
- 1955 : Enith Brigitha married . Salle, Dutch swimmer
- 1955 : Dodi Al-Fayed , Egyptian businessman and director
- 1956 : Wolfgang Branoner , German politician
- 1956 : Michael Cooper , American basketball player and coach
- 1956 : Gert Jan Timmerman , Dutch chess player, correspondence chess world champion
- 1957 : Evelyn Ashford , American athlete
- 1958 : Ronald Feisel , German journalist
- 1959 : Fruit Chan , Chinese director
- 1959 : Uli Dembinski , German aerobatic pilot
- 1959 : Christian Hartmann , German historian
- 1959 : Andreas Lämmel , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
- 1959 : Emma Thompson , British actress
- 1960 : Susanne Bier , Danish director
- 1960 : Pedro Delgado , Spanish cyclist
- 1960 : Matthias Machnig , German politician
- 1960 : Philippe of Belgium , Belgian king
- 1961 : José Anigo , French football player, coach and official
- 1961 : Luca Barbarossa , Italian singer
- 1961 : Aldo Bertuzzi , Italian racing car driver
- 1961 : Carol W. Greider , American molecular biologist, Nobel Prize winner
- 1961 : Michael Paul , German handball player
- 1961 : Kerstin Walther , German athlete
- 1962 : Nawal El Moutawakel , Moroccan athlete
- 1962 : Nick Kamen , British singer and model
- 1962 : Wallace Schreiber , Canadian ice hockey player
- 1963 : Beata Szydło , Polish politician, Prime Minister
- 1964 : Jörg-Uwe Lütt , German handball player
- 1965 : Claudia Leistner , German figure skater
- 1965 : Pablo Molina , Argentinian reggae musician
- 1965 : Linda Perry , American rock singer, songwriter, and record producer
- 1965 : Sōichi Noguchi , Japanese astronaut
- 1966 : Victor Calero , German-Spanish actor
- 1966 : Samantha Fox , British singer and model
- 1968 : Henning Harnisch , German basketball player
- 1968 : Inês de Medeiros , Portuguese actress and politician
- 1968 : Wano Merabishvili , Georgian Minister of the Interior
- 1969 : Craig Foster , Australian soccer player
- 1969 : Jimmy Waite , Canadian ice hockey player
- 1970 : Lafayette Fredrikson , German composer
- 1970 : Matej Jovan , Slovenian ski racer
- 1970 : Frizz Lauterbach , German journalist and author
- 1970 : Michael Schiefel , German jazz singer
- 1971 : Andrew Daly , American actor, comedian, and screenwriter
- 1971 : Sarah Young , English porn actress
- 1972 : Trine Dyrholm , Danish actress and singer
- 1972 : Giuseppe Reina , German soccer player
- 1972 : Viva Seifert , British gymnast and musician
- 1973 : Emanuel Rego , Brazilian beach volleyball player
- 1973 : Robert Scheidt , Brazilian sailor
- 1973 : Lene Terp , Danish football player
- 1974 : Oleg Michailowitsch Kuleschow , Russian handball player
- 1974 : Danny Way , American professional skateboarder
- 1975 : Paul Dana , American racing driver
1976-2000
- 1976 : Markus Hausweiler , German soccer player
- 1976 : Seigō Narazaki , Japanese football player
- 1976 : Susan Ward , American actress
- 1977 : Lilija Wajhina-Jefremowa , Ukrainian biathlete
- 1978 : Susanne Alt , German saxophonist
- 1978 : Austin Aries , American wrestler
- 1978 : Soumaila Coulibaly , Malian football player
- 1979 : Luke Evans , British actor
- 1980 : Pierre-Alain Frau , French football player
- 1980 : Alessija Lause , German actress
- 1980 : Fanny Cihlar , German field hockey player
- 1980 : Ljubomir Pavlović , Serbian handball player
- 1980 : Fränk Schleck , Luxembourg cyclist
- 1981 : Andrés D'Alessandro , Argentine soccer player
- 1981 : Picco von Groote , German actress
- 1981 : Markus Güntner , German DJ
- 1982 : Lena Amende , German actress
- 1982 : Damià Abella Pérez , Spanish football player
- 1983 : Alice Braga , Brazilian actress
- 1983 : Igor Hürlimann , Swiss football player
- 1983 : Ilya Valeryevich Kovalchuk , Russian ice hockey player
- 1984 : Daniel Paille , Canadian ice hockey player
- 1985 : Bongkoj Khongmalai , Thai actress
- 1986 : Calum Angus , English soccer player
- 1986 : Hendrik Hahne , German soccer player
- 1986 : Iván Lorenzo , Andorran football player
- 1986 : Quincy Owusu-Abeyie , Ghanaian-Dutch soccer player
- 1987 : Jenna Mohr , German ski jumper
- 1988 : Yoann Arquin , French soccer player
- 1988 : Steven Defour , Belgian football player
- 1988 : Eliza Doolittle , British singer-songwriter and former child actress
- 1989 : Kerstin Cook , Swiss model
- 1989 : Brandur Enni , Faroese pop star
- 1989 : Sam Sunderland , British motorcycle racer
- 1990 : Emma Watson , British actress
- 1991 : Javier Fernández López , Spanish figure skater
- 1991 : Marco Terrazzino , German soccer player
- 1991 : Anastassija Winnikawa , Belarusian singer
- 1992 : Amy Deasismont , Swedish singer
- 1992 : Richard Sandrak , American bodybuilder
- 1993 : Felipe Anderson , Brazilian soccer player
- 1993 : Jack Harvey , British racing driver
- 1994 : Jannik Huth , German soccer player
- 1994 : Axcil Jefferies , Zimbabwean racing car driver
- 1995 : José Arnáiz , Spanish football player
- 1995 : Cody Christian , American actor
- 1995 : Anna Platen , German actress and model
- 1996 : Joshua Mees , German soccer player
- 1997 : Aleksander Fjeld Andersen , Norwegian biathlete
- 1997 : Marie Bendig , German actress
- 1997 : Maisie Williams , British actress
Died
Before the 16th century
- 571 : Kimmei , 29th Emperor of Japan
- 628 : Suiko , 33rd Empress of Japan
- 950 : Ruthard , Bishop of Strasbourg
- 1043 : Adalbrand of Bremen , Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen
- 1053 : Godwin of Wessex , one of the most powerful men in England at the time
- 1058 : Woffo , Eichstätter cathedral treasurer and later bishop of Merseburg
- 1066 : Eberhard von Trier , Archbishop of Trier
- 1107 : Heinrich I. von Assel , Bishop of Paderborn and Archbishop of Magdeburg
- 1136 : Richard FitzGilbert de Clare , founder of Tonbridge Abbey
- 1154 : Az-Zafir , twelfth caliph of the Fatimids
- 1220 : Adolf von Altena , Archbishop of Cologne
- 1237 : Richard Poore , Bishop of Chichester, Bishop of Salisbury and Bishop of Durham
- 1246 : Petrus Gonzales , Spanish Dominican and saint (“San Telmo”), seafarers missionary
- 1341 : Jean de Rossillon , Bishop of Lausanne
- 1415 : Manuel Chrysoloras , Byzantine diplomat and promoter of Greek literature in Western Europe
- 1446 : Filippo Brunelleschi , Italian architect and sculptor
- 1451 : Johannes Hoffmann von Schweidnitz , Roman Catholic theologian, Rector of the Universities of Prague and Leipzig and Bishop of Meissen
- 1463 : Wolfgang Holzer , Austrian cattle dealer, merchant, councilor and mayor of the city of Vienna
16th and 17th centuries
- 1519 : Heinrich von Württemberg , Count of Württemberg-Mömpelgard
- 1532 : Michael Gaismair , farmer's guide in Tyrol and Salzburg
- 1543 : Francesco Canova da Milano , Italian composer and lutenist
- 1543 : Christoph von Stadion , Bishop of Augsburg
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- 1549 : Christina of Saxony , Countess of Hesse
- 1558 : Melchior Zobel von Giebelstadt , Prince-Bishop of Würzburg
- 1563 : Bernhard VIII , Count zur Lippe
- 1607 : César de Bus , French priest and blessed
- 1610 : Robert Parsons , English Jesuit and politician
- 1622 : Leandro Bassano , Italian painter
- 1627 : Alexander Lüneburg , mayor of Lübeck
- 1632 : George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore , English statesman
- 1648 : Christoph Treudel , Mayor of Frankfurt am Main
- 1651 : Thomas Francine , Florentine fountain master in France
- 1659 : Simon Dach , German poet
- 1679 : Anne Geneviève de Bourbon-Condé , Duchess of Longueville
- 1690 : Michael I. Apafi , Prince of Transylvania
- 1695 : Christoph Arnold , German astronomer
- 1697 : Charles XI. , King of Sweden and Duke of Zweibrücken
18th century
- 1708 : Friedrich von Lüdinghausen Wolff , German Jesuit, imperial Capellan, advisor to Emperor Leopold, Chancellor of the University of Leopoldina in Breslau
- 1709 : Amalia Regina von Zinzendorf , Imperial Countess von Ortenburg
- 1714 : Esther Schulhoff , German-Jewish entrepreneur, mint master and owner of the coin rack of Brandenburg and Prussia
- 1718 : Antonio Grano , Sicilian painter
- 1719 : Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon , second wife of Louis XIV.
- 1729 : Maria Anna von Oettingen-Spielberg , Princess of Liechtenstein
- 1740 : Abraham Frencel , Sorbian clergyman, historian and linguist
- 1746 : Francisco Caporale , Italian composer and cellist
- 1750 : Theophilus Grabener , German educator
- 1754 : Jacopo Riccati , Venetian mathematician
- 1756 : Johann Gottlieb Goldberg , German harpsichordist and organist
- 1757 : Rosalba Carriera , Italian painter
- 1757 : Franz Joseph Spiegler , German painter
- 1758 : Heinrich Valentin Beck , German cantor and composer
- 1761 : Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll , Scottish nobleman, judge, politician and soldier
- 1764 : Madame de Pompadour , mistress of the French King Louis XV.
- 1765 : Michail Wassiljewitsch Lomonossow , Russian polymath
- 1766 : Robert Whytt , British physician and neuroscientist
- 1767 : Johann David Gschwend , German educator, historian and author
- 1772 : Karl Josef Batthyány , Austrian field marshal
- 1784 : Maximilian Friedrich von Königsegg-Rothenfels , Archbishop of Cologne
- 1788 : Mary Delany , English writer
- 1797 : Pedro Melo de Portugal y Villena , Spanish officer, colonial administrator and viceroy of the Río de la Plata
19th century
- 1804 : Dominik Auliczek , Bohemian sculptor
- 1819 : Oliver Evans , American inventor
- 1821 : Johann Christoph Schwab , German philosopher
- 1823 : Johann Christian Josef Abs , German educator
- 1834 : Girolamo Amati , Italian philologist, Graecist, epigraphist, palaeographer and manuscript scholar
- 1845 : Philippe Guerrier , President of Haiti
- 1845 : Ferdinand Schazmann , German lawyer
- 1849 : Thomas Carr , American music publisher, composer and organist
- 1850 : Jules Robert Auguste , French painter and sculptor
- 1853 : Auguste Laurent , French chemist
- 1854 : Arthur Aikin , English chemist, mineralogist and author
- 1863 : Heinrich Carl Esmarch , German lawyer and member of the Frankfurt National Assembly
- 1864 : Everhard von Groote , Germanist, writer and politician
- 1865 : Abraham Lincoln , US President
- 1869 : Sampson Avard , British theologian
- 1869 : August Wilhelm Bach , German composer and organist
- 1869 : Timothy C. Day , American politician, member of the United States House of Representatives for Ohio
- 1871 : Karl Benjamin Preusker , German archaeologist, librarian and founder of Germany's first public library
- 1875 : Joseph Crocé-Spinelli , French balloon pioneer
- 1882 : Karl Friedrich Christian Hasselmann , German pastor and politician
- 1882 : Andreas Lach , Austrian flower and still life painter
- 1883 : Friedrich Franz II. , Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- 1888 : Matthew Arnold , British poet and cultural critic
- 1888 : Anton Stecker , Austrian traveler to Africa
- 1889 : Damian de Veuster , Belgian missionary, Catholic blessed
- 1891 : Stephen Albert Emery , American composer and music teacher
- 1893 : Jean Dufresne , German chess master and author
- 1894 : James Madison Harvey , American politician, governor of Kansas
- 1895 : Emilio Wilhelm Ramsøe , Danish composer and conductor
- 1896 : August Alexander Järnefelt , Finnish general, topographer and governor
20th century
1901-1950
- 1901 : Václav Brožík , Czech painter
- 1901 : Leopold Magenbauer , Romanian-German composer, choir director and teacher
- 1904 : Eugen Dieterich , chemist and pioneer in the German pharmaceutical industry
- 1907 : Adolf Stern , German writer and literary historian
- 1908 : Antoine Béchamp , French medic, biologist and pharmacologist
- 1910 : Hanna Bieber-Böhm , German women's rights activist and pioneer of social work
- 1911 : Johannes Bosscha , Dutch physicist
- 1911 : Georg Knorr , German engineer and entrepreneur
- 1912 : Thomas Andrews Jr. , Northern Irish naval architect, builder of the Titanic
- 1912 : John Jacob Astor IV , American businessman, inventor, and writer
- 1912 : Carl Funke , German entrepreneur
- 1912 : Jacques Futrelle , American writer
- 1912 : Benjamin Guggenheim , American businessman
- 1912 : Jack Phillips , Titanic's first radio operator
- 1912 : Edward John Smith , British captain of the Titanic
- 1912 : Isidor Straus , American businessman and politician
- 1921 : Georg Heinrich Maria Kirstein , Bishop of Mainz
- 1925 : August Endell , German architect
- 1925 : Fritz Haarmann , German serial killer ( vampire of Hanover )
- 1925 : Willem Henri Julius , Dutch physicist
- 1925 : John Singer Sargent , American painter
- 1927 : Gaston Leroux , French journalist and crime novel writer
- 1928 : Pietro Bordino , Italian racing driver
- 1933 : Dietlof von Arnim-Boitzenburg , Prussian politician
- 1935 : Anna Ancher , Danish painter
- 1936 : Hilda Sehested , Danish pianist and composer
- 1938 : César Vallejo , Peruvian writer
- 1939 : Minna Bachem-Sieger , German politician, women's rights activist and poet
- 1940 : Friedrich Andersen , German Protestant theologian
- 1942 : Robert Musil , Austrian writer
- 1945 : Robert Anasch , German communist resistance fighter
- 1945 : Gunther Burstyn , technician and officer in the Austrian Austro-Hungarian Army
- 1946 : Adelgunde of Portugal , Duchess of Guimarães and an Infanta of Portugal
- 1949 : Wallace Beery , American actor
- 1950 : August Konermann , German Roman Catholic pastor and publicist
1951-2000
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- 1951 : Mme. Charles Cahier , American-Swedish opera singer (mezzo-soprano, alto)
- 1952 : Bruno Barilli , Italian composer, journalist and writer
- 1952 : Ludwig Kaas , German politician
- 1952 : Viktor Michailowitsch Tschernow , Russian politician
- 1953 : Knud Zimsen , Mayor of Reykjavík
- 1954 : Arthur Fickenscher , American composer
- 1954 : Feliks Wrobel , Polish composer
- 1956 : Michael Gamper , priest and publicist
- 1957 : Maximilian Rott , German businessman and writer
- 1958 : Estelle Taylor , American actress
- 1962 : Franz Dufter , German racing driver
- 1965 : Hans Karl Breslauer , Austrian film director and writer
- 1966 : Hans Peters , German legal scholar, constitutional lawyer and politician, resistance fighter against National Socialism
- 1967 : Totò , actually Antonio de Curtis, Italian actor
- 1968 : Foreman Phillips , American country presenter and promoter
- 1968 : Amparo Poch y Gascón , Spanish medic and anarchist
- 1971 : Alexei Brodowitsch , Russian graphic designer
- 1972 : Otto Brenner , German trade unionist, chairman of IG Metall
- 1972 : Frank Knight , American economist
- 1975 : Fritzmartin Ascher , German teacher and politician
- 1975 : Marjorie Stinson , American aviation pioneer
- 1980 : Jean-Paul Sartre , French writer and philosopher, main exponent of existentialism , turned down the Nobel Prize for Literature
- 1982 : Hans Weisz , Romanian-German church musician and composer
- 1983 : Raymond P. Ahlquist , American pharmacist and pharmacologist
- 1983 : Corrie ten Boom , Dutch Christian and savior of many Jews from the Holocaust, Righteous Among the Nations
- 1983 : Georges Layek , Syrian Archbishop
- 1986 : Sergei Nikolaevich Anochin , Soviet test pilot
- 1986 : Jean Genet , French novelist, playwright and poet
- 1987 : Orland K. Armstrong , American politician
- 1988 : Kenneth Williams , British actor and cult comedian
- 1989 : Charles Vanel , French actor and director
- 1989 : Hu Yaobang , Chinese politician
- 1990 : Greta Garbo , Swedish film actress
- 1990 : Helmut Lemke , German politician, Prime Minister of Schleswig-Holstein
- 1992 : Christian Maurer , Swiss Protestant clergyman and university professor
- 1993 : Uwe Beyer , German athlete
- 1993 : Lucette Descaves , French pianist
- 1993 : Eduard Rhein , German inventor, publicist and writer
- 1998 : Pol Pot , Cambodian politician, No. 1 brother of the Khmer Rouge
- 1999 : Hermann Biechele , German educator and politician, Member of the Bundestag
21st century
- 2001 : Joey Ramone , American singer
- 2001 : Alberto Rey , Chilean harpist
- 2003 : Bernard Maria Huijbers , Dutch composer and church musician
- 2004 : Karin Eickelbaum , German film and theater actress
- 2004 : Hans Gmür , Swiss author
- 2004 : Maury Schleicher , American football player
- 2004 : Mitsuteru Yokoyama , Japanese manga artist
- 2006 : Norbert Mateusz Kuźnik , Polish composer, music theorist, organist and organ builder
- 2006 : Schnuckenack Reinhardt , German jazz musician, composer and interpreter of Roma music
- 2008 : Hazel Court , American actress
- 2011 : Vittorio Arrigoni , Italian reporter
- 2013 : Jean-François Paillard , French conductor
- 2015 : Jean Dubois , French linguist, Frenchist, grammarian and lexicographer
- 2015 : Günter Stratenwerth , German legal scholar
- 2016 : Fred Mayer , American agent in World War II
- 2016 : Hans Günter Zekl , German classical philologist
- 2017 : Clifton James , American actor
- 2017 : Emma Morano , Italian supercentenarian
- 2018 : R. Lee Ermey , American film actor
- 2018 : Vittorio Taviani , Italian film director
- 2020 : Brian Dennehy , American actor
- 2020 : Lee Konitz , American jazz saxophonist
- 2020 : Horst Müller , German educator, amateur play director, theater director and author
Holidays and memorial days
- National holidays
- Sun Day , North Korean Memorial Day for Kim Il-sung's birthday
- Church memorial days
- Caroline Fliedner , German benefactress (Protestant)
The list of commemorative and action days contains further entries .
Commons : April 15th - Collection of images, videos and audio files
