Ernst Deger

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Inside of the chapel of Stolzenfels Castle with the Nazarene monumental frescoes by Ernst Deger from 1853 to 1858

Ernst Deger (born April 15, 1809 in Bockenem near Hildesheim , † January 27, 1885 in Düsseldorf ) was a German painter . Due to his religious paintings in the style of the Nazarenes , he is considered a main representative of the Düsseldorf School of Painting in the field of Christian art.

life and work

Mary as Queen of Heaven with the Child Jesus , 1836/1837, smaller version of the side altar painting in the Andreas Church in Düsseldorf

Ernst Deger studied at the Berlin Art Academy from 1828 and switched to the Düsseldorf Art Academy in 1829 , where he studied with Wilhelm von Schadow . 1834-1835 he was a student of the local "master class". On behalf of the Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen he created an altarpiece for the St. Andrew's Church (Düsseldorf) in 1836/1837 , which shows Mary as the " Queen of Heaven " and which soon became one of the most popular religious pictures of the Düsseldorf School of Painting . It found its way into numerous Catholic prayer books as a small devotional picture, but was also very popular as a large-format wall decoration. With his portrayal of Mary as Queen of Heaven, who holds the baby Jesus in her arms, Deger obviously met the religious taste of his time. The main effect of the picture is that Jesus is not depicted as an infant, but as a two- or three-year-old boy who looks directly at the viewer and spreads his arms invitingly. The posture of Jesus' arms and body result in a cross, indicating the child's later death.

From 1837 to 1842 he stayed in Italy . After his return he carried out the frescoes from the story of Christ in the Apollinari church near Remagen on the Rhine until 1851 together with Karl Müller , Andreas Müller and Franz Ittenbach on behalf of Count Franz Egon von Fürstenberg-Stammheim . The frescoes are considered to be one of the most important monumental works of the Düsseldorf School.

From 1853 to 1857 he made the religious and dogmatic wall paintings in the chapel of Stolzenfels Castle on the Rhine on behalf of Friedrich Wilhelm IV . Peter Joseph Molitor assisted him in this work, which is regarded as the main work of his oeuvre .

The overall work is divided into the following individual works, prepared from studies that have still been preserved:

  • Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden
  • Fall of Man
  • Cain kills Abel
  • Sacrifice of Isaac
  • King David
  • Annunciation to Mary
  • Adoration of the child
  • crucifixion
  • Resurrection of Christ
  • Ascension of Christ
  • Outpouring of the Holy Spirit
  • Last Judgment

In 1869 he received a professorship for religious history painting at the Düsseldorf Art Academy , where he had worked as a teacher since 1860. His students include Franz Paul Massau and Friedrich Stummel .

Deger's works were widely distributed through reproductions. Contemporary art critics valued the noble simplicity, ingenious composition, intimacy and inner truth of his works, which emerged from the deepest piety.

Works

  • Academic celebration in memory of Ernst Deger, b. 1809, d. 1885 . Henry, Düsseldorf 1885. ( digitized version )

literature

  • Friedrich Noack : Deger, Ernst . In: Ulrich Thieme (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists from Antiquity to the Present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 8 : Coutan-Delattre . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1912, p. 546 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  • Eduard Daelen:  Deger, Ernst . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 47, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1903, p. 641 f.
  • City of Bockenem, Culture and Tourism Office (ed.): Exhibition on the 100th anniversary of the death of the history painter Ernst Deger . Culture and Tourism Office, Bockenem 1985
  • Anne Schiffer: The picturesque decor of the castle chapel of Stolzenfels by Ernst Deger. A contribution to the art history of the 19th century . Lang, Frankfurt am Main et al. 1992, ISBN 3-631-45200-4 (plus dissertation, Heidelberg University 1991)
  • Elias H. Füllenbach: St. Andreas in Düsseldorf's old town . In: Bettina Baumgärtel (Ed.), Places of the Düsseldorf School of Painting. Traces of the Artists in Düsseldorf (Rheinische Kunststätten 528), Cologne 2011, pp. 68–69. ISBN 978-3-86526-069-7 .

Web links

Commons : Ernst Deger  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Dieter Graf: The Düsseldorf late Nazarene in Remagen and Stolzenfels . In: Wend von Kalnein (Ed.): The Düsseldorf School of Painting . Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9 , p. 128
  2. ↑ For Molitor see: Christine Klaus: Peter Joseph Molitor (1821–1898) - a Koblenz painter . In: Stadtarchiv Koblenz (ed.): Koblenz contributions to history and culture . New episode 15/16, 2005/2006, pp. 171–196
personal data
SURNAME Deger, Ernst
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter
DATE OF BIRTH April 15, 1809
PLACE OF BIRTH Bockenem near Hildesheim
DATE OF DEATH January 27, 1885
Place of death Dusseldorf