1772
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Heads of State · Obituary · Year of Literature · Year of Music
Calendar overview 1772
Map with all linked pages: | 1772 | |
|---|---|
 agree on the first division of Poland . |
|
.png) in his country. |
 is arrested and executed. |
| 1772 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 1220/21 (July turn of the year) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1764/65 (change of the year September 10th/11th) |
| Bengali solar calendar | 1177/78 (beginning of the year April 14 or 15) |
| Buddhist calendar | 2315/16 (Southern Buddhism); 2314/15 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 74th (75th) cycle
Year of the Water Dragon壬辰 ( at the beginning of the year Metal Rabbit辛卯) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 1134/35 (April turn of the year) |
| Dangun era (Korea) | 4105/06 (October 2nd/3rd) |
| Iranian calendar | 1150/51 (around March 21) |
| Islamic calendar | 1185/86 (3/4 April) |
| Jewish calendar | 5532/33 (27/28 September) |
| Coptic calendar | 1488/89 (September 10/11) |
| Malayalam calendar | 947/948 |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 2082/83 (April turn of the year)
Syria: 2083/84 (October turn of the year) |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese calendar) | 1828/29 (April turn of the year) |
events
politics and world affairs
Denmark
- January 17: The wife of the Danish king, Caroline Mathilde , and the Danish Minister of State, Count Johann Friedrich Struensee , are arrested on suspicion of a plot against King Christian VII . The queen is taken to Kronborg Castle , and Struensee, her lover, is arrested. The minister is executed on April 28 with his confidante Enevold von Brandt , the queen banished.
Sweden
- May 26: King Gustav III. of Sweden donates the Wasaorden on his coronation day .
- August 19: The Swedish king Gustav III. putsch with him loyal officers against the noble oligarchy . The Imperial Council , which was meeting in a hall, was shut in, and the citizens of Stockholm were won over by the ruler's brilliant speeches. Shortly thereafter, the Reichsrat accepts a constitution that is acceptable to the king.
Central and Eastern Europe
- February 17: Russia and Prussia agree in essence on the partition of Poland and await Austria 's approval of the plan , which occurs on March 4.
- April: Envoys from Russia and the Ottoman Empire meet in today's Romanian town of Focșani for negotiations.
- April 26: Kraków Castle surrenders to the Russian army under Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov .
- August 5: Treaties of Petersburg : First Partition of Poland (Second Partition of Poland 1793, Third Partition of Poland 1795)
- November 6: A Russian squadron of 7 warships defeats and mostly destroys a Turkish squadron in the Gulf of Patras.
Great Britain and its colonies
- April 1: King George III. signs the Royal Marriages Act 1772 . This invalidates any marriage entered into by members of the British royal family before the age of 25 without the consent of the monarch. The provision applies to all descendants of George II, with the exception of the descendants of princesses who intermarried into other families. Members of the royal family over the age of 25 can still marry after declining to marry, provided they notify the Privy Council a year beforehand and Parliament does not prohibit it. The Royal Marriage Act also criminalizes any form of support for the illegal marriage of a member of the royal family.
- June 22: In a landmark judgment on a lawsuit filed by slave James Somerset , British land magistrate William Murray, Earl of Mansfield , outlaws slavery in Britain .
Asia
- Thonburi becomes the new capital of Thailand .
voyages of discovery
- January 23 The Crozet Islands in the Indian Ocean are discovered by Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne and Jules Crozet .
- January 24: French territory increases to include the Crozet Islands in the Indian Ocean . The archipelago is named after the officer Jules Crozet . Its commander , Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne , disembarks on the largest island, Île de la Possession , and takes possession of it for France.
- February 12: Discovery of the Kerguelen archipelago by the French navigator Yves Joseph de Kerguelen de Trémarec
business
- 2 November: The conservative daily Morning Post starts in London with a circulation of 350 copies.
- The private Wiener Kleine Post is founded.
- Henry Nock founds Wilkinson Sword , a British manufacturer of razor blades, swords, cutlery and garden tools
science and technology
Portrait of James Cook (painted by William Hodges ) ca. 1775–76
- July 13: James Cook starts his second South Sea voyage from Plymouth ; He was accompanied, among others, by the German naturalist Georg Forster and his father Johann Reinhold Forster .
- 1 November: Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier revolutionizes the scientific theory of phlogiston with his observation that phosphorus and sulfur become heavier after combustion .
- Johann Heinrich Lambert develops the Lambertsche color pyramid .
- In an experiment that is absurd by today's standards, scientists discover that eunuchs also feel electric shocks.
Culture
literature
- Denis Diderot writes the story This is not a story .
- The 13-year-old Friedrich Schiller wrote the two plays Absalon and Die Christen , which have not been preserved .
music and theatre
- March 13: At the Ducal Opera House in Braunschweig, Karl Theophil Döbbelin premieres Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's bourgeois tragedy Emilia Galotti on the occasion of the birthday of Duchess Philippine Charlotte . Lessing himself is not present at the premiere.
- January 29: The premiere of Antonio Salieri 's opera La fiera di Venezia at the Burgtheater in Vienna is a great success.
- On the occasion of the enthronement of the Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg on May 1, Pietro Metastasio wrote the work Il sogno di Scipione , which was set to music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Presumably, however, only part of the opera will be premiered at the enthronement.
- August 17: First performance of the comic opera Der Krieg by Johann Adam Hiller in Berlin
- November 5: World premiere of the opera Themistokles by Johann Christian Bach in Mannheim
- December 16: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera Lucio Silla is premiered in Milan.
religion
- The Turkish Bible, or the Koran , is the first German translation of the Koran from Arabic .
Born
First quarter
- January 4: Jean Étienne Esquirol , French neurologist (d. 1840)
- January 4: Anton Friedrich Justus Thibaut , German legal scholar († 1840)
- January 12: Mikhail Speransky , Russian statesman and liberal reformer (died 1839)
- January 14: Duncan McArthur , American politician (died 1839)
- January 14: Elias Thomas , American businessman and politician (died 1872)
- January 19: Friedrich Carl Arndt , German jurist, city judge and mayor († 1815)
- February 2: Ferdinand Eßlair , Slavonian actor († 1840)
- February 2: Christoph Martin , German lawyer and university lecturer († 1857)
- February 3: Johann Heinrich Fritsch , German evangelical preacher, historian and astronomer († 1829)
- February 6: Gerhard von Kügelgen , German painter (died 1820)
- February 6: Karl von Kügelgen , German landscape and history painter († 1832)
- February 11: Carl Philipp Emil von Hanstein , Hessian Minister of State († 1861)
- February 13: Joachim Leonz Eder , Swiss lawyer and politician († 1848)
- February 13: Henriette Hendel-Schütz , German actress (d. 1849)
- February 15 Leander van Eß , German Catholic theologian (died 1847)
- February 16: Friedrich Gilly , German architect and master builder († 1800)
- February 20: Isaac Chauncey , US naval officer (d. 1840)
- February 22: Josef Lipavský , Czech composer (died 1810)
- February 24: William Harris Crawford , American politician (d. 1834)
- February 24: Gustav Dietrich von Oertzen , Mecklenburg district administrator († 1838)
- February 28 Karl Gottlieb Schweikart , Austrian portrait painter (d. 1855)
- March 3: Engelbert Schue , German Catholic clergyman and university teacher († 1847)
- March 5: Friedrich Pfluger , Swiss Roman Catholic cleric (d. 1848)
- March 10: Friedrich Schlegel , German cultural philosopher († 1829)
- March 17: Charles Leclerc d'Ostin , French general (d. 1802)
- March 23: Ludwig Schellenberg , German bookseller, book printer and publisher († 1834)
- March 30: Johann Wilhelm Wilms , German-Dutch composer (d. 1847)
- March 31: Franz Ferdinand Fritz , from 1836 to 1840 bishop of Hildesheim († 1840)
Second quarter
- April 2: Sir John Abercrombie , British general (died 1817)
- April 7: Charles Fourier , French social theorist (died 1837)
- April 15: Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire , French zoologist (d. 1844)
- April 18: David Ricardo , British political economist (d. 1823)
- April 19: Maria Therese von Artner , Austrian writer († 1829)
- April 19: Ludwig Adam Dieffenbach , German Protestant theologian († 1843)
- April 21: Friedrich Christoph Perthes , German bookseller and publisher († 1843)
- April 25: James Burrill , American politician (died 1820)
- April 30: Karl Gustav Himly , German ophthalmologist († 1837)
- May 1: Karl Friedrich von Gärtner , German botanist and physician (died 1850)
- May 2: Novalis , German poet of the early Romantic period († 1801)
- May 4: Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus , German publisher (died 1823)
- May 12: Heinrich Menu von Minutoli , Swiss explorer and archaeologist († 1846)
- May 18: Carl von Brühl , general manager of the theaters and museums in Berlin († 1837)
- May 20 William Congreve , British artilleryman, engineer and rocket scientist (died 1828)
- May 27: Marie Anne Lenormand , French fortune teller (d. 1843)
- June 6: Maria Theresa of Naples-Sicily , last Empress of the Holy Roman Empire and first Empress of Austria († 1807)
- June 10: David L. Morril , American politician († 1849)
- June 14 Gustaf Johan Billberg , Swedish zoologist, botanist and anatomist (died 1844)
- June 14: Ludwig Philipp Christian von Türcke , German jurist († 1829)
- June 17 Martin Schrettinger , German priest and librarian (died 1851)
- June 17: Christian Philipp Wolff , German sculptor, plasterer and master builder († 1820)
- June 19: Salomon Oppenheim junior , German banker (died 1828)
- June 21: Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Wasmuth von Wintzingerode , German forest official († 1830)
- June 22: Karl Heinrich Gottfried Lommatzsch , German evangelical clergyman (died 1834)
- June 26: Johan Lorentz Aschan , Swedish entrepreneur (d. 1856)
Third quarter
- July 1: Johann Rudolf Fischer , Swiss evangelical clergyman († 1800)
- July 11: Pietro Carlo Guglielmi , Italian composer (died 1817)
- July 30: Ignaz zu Hardegg , Austrian cavalry general and Hofkriegsrat President († 1848)
- August 2: Louis Antoine Henri de Condé , Duke of Enghien (d. 1804)
- August 8: Wilhelm August Lampadius , German metallurgical chemist († 1842)
- August 8: Franz Paul Scholz , German clergyman, scientist and explorer († 1837)
- August 9: Christian Jakob von Schneider , German writer and publisher († 1829)
- August 11: Eduard Joseph d'Alton , Bavarian anatomist, archaeologist and engraver (d. 1840)
- August 11: Archibald Austin , American politician († 1837)
- August 11: Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill , British general (d. 1842)
- August 15: Johann Nepomuk Mälzel , Bavarian inventor and mechanic († 1838)
- August 16: Anton Bauer , German legal scholar († 1843)
- August 20: Ferdinand Bernhard Vietz , Austrian physician and botanist († 1815)
- August 24: William I , first king of the Netherlands († 1843)
- September 6: Carl Gottlieb Bellmann , German musician (died 1861)
- September 14: Josef Alois Gleich , Austrian civil servant and playwright († 1841)
- September 15: Friedrich Konrad Hornemann , German explorer of Africa († 1801)
- September 16: Friedrich Karl Rumpf , German literary scholar, rhetorician, Protestant theologian and classicist († 1824)
- September 21: John Samuel Peters , American politician, Governor of Connecticut (d. 1858)
- September 24: Guillaume de Vaudoncourt , French general and war historian († 1845)
- September 25: Henrich zu Stolberg-Wernigerode , regent over the County of Wernigerode († 1854)
- September 27: Antonio Casimir Cartellieri , German composer († 1807)
- September 27 Gordon Drummond , British general (died 1854)
- September 27: Sándor Kisfaludy , Hungarian poet and playwright (died 1844)
Fourth Quarter
- October 6: Anna Maria Rüttimann-Meyer von Schauensee , Swiss patrician († 1856)
- October 9: Mary Tighe , Irish writer (died 1810)
- October 20: Johann Heinrich Ferdinand Autenrieth , German physician († 1835)
- October 21 – Samuel Taylor Coleridge , British writer (died 1834)
- October 25: Géraud-Christophe-Michel Duroc , French general and diplomat (died 1813)
- October 27: Franz Peter Nick , German Catholic clergyman and university teacher († 1825)
- October 30: Peter Irving , American writer (died 1838)
- October 31 – Carl Borromäus Egger , German Roman Catholic clergyman and politician (died 1849)
- November 1: Louis Reymond , Swiss politician, publicist and insurgent (died 1821)
- November 8: David Ferdinand Howaldt , German goldsmith (d. 1850)
- November 8: William Wirt , American jurist and politician (died 1834)
- November 10: Horace-François Sébastiani , French general and Marshal of France (died 1851)
- November 10: Johann Nepomuk Kaňka junior , Bohemian jurist and composer († 1865)
- November 11: Carl Friedrich Hagemann , Austrian sculptor (d. 1806)
- November 11: August Hiller von Gaertringen , Prussian general (died 1856)
- November 18: Louis Ferdinand Prince of Prussia , Prussian prince, general, composer and pianist († 1806)
- 23 November: Emil Leopold August , Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (d. 1822)
- November 23: Johann Christoph Winters , German puppet director and founder of the Hänneschen Theater in Cologne († 1862)
- November 28: Gottfried Hermann , German classical scholar († 1848)
- December 2: Johann Christoph von Aretin , German publicist, historian, librarian and jurist († 1824)
- December 11: Immanuel Christian Leberecht von Ampach , German numismatist, art collector and patron († 1831)
- December 11: Hans Georg von Carlowitz , Saxon Minister († 1840)
- December 12: Bertrand Clausel , French general and Marshal of France (died 1842)
- December 26: Friederike Julie Lisiewska , German portrait painter († 1856)
- December 27: Benjamin Williams Crowninshield , American politician (d. 1851)
- December 29: Louis-Simon Auger , French journalist and writer († 1829)
- December 30: Paul Christoph Gottlob Andrea , German legal scholar († 1824)
Exact date of birth unknown
- Julius Miller , German musician (died 1851)
- Giacomo Monzino , Italian guitarist and composer (died 1854)
- Jenkin Whiteside , American politician (died 1822)
Died
First half of the year
- January 14: Susanna Margaretha Brandt , Frankfurt maid who killed her newborn child, model for Goethe's Gretchen (b. 1746)
- January 14: Maria von Hannover , Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel (b. 1723)
- February 9: Mang Anton Stapf , South German Rococo sculptor (b. 1701)
- February 16: Lorenzo De Mari , Doge of the Republic of Genoa (b. 1685)
- February 18: Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff , German diplomat and Danish foreign minister (b. 1712)
- March 2: Johann Berenberg , German banker, art collector and patron (b. 1718)
- March 10: Frederick III. , Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (b. 1699)
- March 12: Franz de Paula Penz , Austrian pastor and church architect (b. 1707)
- March 21: Jacques-Nicolas Bellin , French cartographer (b. 1703)
- March 22: John Canton , English physicist (b. 1718)
- March 29: Emanuel Swedenborg , Swedish scientist, mystic and theologian (b. 1688)
- April 9: Johann Joseph Resler , Austrian, bourgeois and court sculptor (b. 1702)
- April 15: Karl Josef Batthyány , Austrian general and field marshal (b. 1697)
- 15 April: Viktor I Amadeus Adolf , Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (b. 1693)
- April 19: Johann Peter Kellner , German composer (b. 1705)
- April 21: Samuel Urlsperger , German Lutheran theologian (b. 1685)
- April 22 Marie Duronceray , wife of Charles-Simon Favart (b. 1727)
- April 28: Johann Friedrich Struensee , German physician and minister at the Danish court (b. 1737)
- May 1: Gottfried Achenwall , German inventor of the term statistics (b. 1719)
- May 3: Cathérine Vicat , Swiss naturalist and beekeeper (b. 1712)
- May 12: Johann Friedrich Gühling , German Protestant theologian (b. 1702)
- May 25: Johann Gottfried Teske , German physicist (b. 1704)
- June 4: Johann Michael Feuchtmayer the Younger , German plasterer and sculptor (b. 1709)
- June 12: Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne , French explorer (b. 1724)
- June 15: Louis-Claude Daquin , French composer (b. 1694)
- June 18: Johann Ulrich von Cramer , German jurist and philosopher (b. 1706)
- June 18: Gerard van Swieten , Austrian physician (b. 1700)
Second half of the year
- July 2: Johann Georg Krafft , German Protestant theologian and university teacher (b. 1740)
- July 5: Wolfgang Thomas Rau , German physician (b. 1721)
- July 6 Karl Gottlob Sperbach , German philologist (b. 1694)
- 14 August: Ferdinand Karl Gobert von Aspremont-Lynden , Habsburg military (b. 1689)
- 19 September: Henriette-Louise de Bourbon , abbess of Beaumont-lés-Tours (b. 1703)
- October 7: John Woolman , North American itinerant preacher and author (b. 1720)
- October 8: Jean Cassanéa de Mondonville , French violin virtuoso and composer (b. 1711)
- October 13: George Keppel, 3rd Earl of Albemarle , British officer and politician (b. 1724)
- October 16: Ahmad Shah Durrani , founder of the Durrani State in modern-day Afghanistan (b. c. 1722)
- 22 October: Franciszek Salezy Potocki , Polish magnate, voivode of Kiev Voivodeship (b. 1700)
- October 30 Karl Wilhelm Jerusalem , German jurist (b. 1747)
- November 15: Johann Christian Senckenberg , Hessian physician and naturalist (b. 1707)
- November 16: Alexander Jakob Lubomirski , Polish and Saxon general (b. 1695)
- December 12: Johann Gottfried Seyfert , German composer (b. 1731)
- 29 December: Ernst Johann von Biron , Duke of Courland and Zemgale and Regent of the Russian Empire (b. 1690)
Exact date of death unknown
- Ignaz Finsterwalder , German plasterer (b. 1708)
web links
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