Bertrand Clausel
Bertrand, comte Clausel , also: Clauzel (born December 12, 1772 in Mirepoix , Département Ariège ; † April 21, 1842 at Château du Secourieu south of Auterive ) was a Marshal of France .
Life
Clausel entered military service in 1791, took part in the campaigns in the Pyrenees in 1794 and 1795 , commanded a brigade in Italy in 1799 , followed General Leclerc to Santo Domingo in 1802 , became General de Division in the Northern Army in 1804 and distinguished himself in the campaign against Austria in 1809 , but especially since 1810 in Spain , where he led a French corps back from Portugal , in 1812 after the wounding of Marmont in the battle of Salamanca took over the supreme command of his army and in 1813 after the battle of Vitoria covered the retreat to France.
Louis XVIII appointed him inspector general of the infantry; but when Napoleon I returned in 1815 , Clausel immediately declared himself in favor of him, became peer , received command of the Pyrenean army and offered the Bourbons the most violent resistance. Declared a traitor by the royal orderly on July 24, 1815, he fled to America , where he planted and operated a plantation near Mobile . He was sentenced to death in absentia on September 11, 1816. Nevertheless, he was allowed to return to France in 1819, was elected deputy in 1827 and 1830 and in 1830 signed the “ address of 221 ”.
After the July Revolution he became governor of Algeria and in November 1830 made the victorious march to the province of Titteri , for which he received the dignity of marshal. When he left Constantine and Oran to Tunisian princes, he was recalled in 1831, but, after he had in the meantime represented liberal principles in the Chamber of Deputies, reappointed Governor General of Algeria in August 1835. After the unfortunate expedition against Constantine in 1836, he returned to France and undertook his self-defense against repeated accusations partly in the “Explications du maréchal de Clausel” , partly in the stands.
In the Chamber of Deputies he was part of the staunch opposition from 1838. Clausel died April 21, 1842 in his Secourieu Castle near Toulouse.
Honors
His name is entered on the triumphal arch in Paris in the 34th column.
Fonts
During his stay in America in 1816 Clausel published a justification for his political life. Later he also published two other papers justifying his policy on Algeria.
- Exposé justificatif de la conduite politique de M. le Lieutenant-Général Comte Clausel . Paris 1816 ( digitized version ) - German 1837 as justifications for Marshal Clauzel
- Observations du général Clausel sur quelques actes de son gouvernement à Alger . Paris 1830
- Nouvelles observations de M. le maréchal Clausel on the colonization d'Alger . Paris 1833
literature
- Louis de La Roque: Catalog historique des généraux français , Paris: A. Desaide, 1902, p. 34f. digitized
Web links
- Information on Bertrand Clausel in the database of the Bibliothèque nationale de France .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Clausel, Bertrand |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Clauzel, Bertrand |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French general and marshal |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 12, 1772 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Mirepoix , Ariège department |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 21, 1842 |
| Place of death | Secourieu near Toulouse |