Immanuel Christian Leberecht from Ampach

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Immanuel Christian Leberecht von Ampach in Rome (1820); Portrait of Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein

Immanuel Christian Leberecht von Ampach , spelling Christian Lebrecht von Ampach , (* December 11, 1772 in Artern , † June 5, 1831 in Naumburg (Saale) ) was a Meissen monastery councilor, canon in Naumburg and dean of the monastery chapter in Wurzen . He was best known as a coin collector, art collector and patron.

Life

Epitaph for Immanuel Christian Leberecht von Ampach in the church of Stechau

The von Ampach family originally came from Tyrol. Georg Ampach from Courland was raised to the imperial nobility on January 2, 1698 in Vienna . Ampach was enrolled in the Courland Knighthood on March 4, 1801. Ampach was thus one of the Baltic barons ; During his lifetime and in literature, he was therefore predominantly referred to as a baron , without ever having been elevated to the German baron class.

Immanuel Christian Leberecht von Ampach was the son of the Electoral Saxon officer ( Capitaine of the Cavalry ) and chief salt administrator Johann Friedrich von Ampach (born March 6, 1742 in Ordangen bei Grobiņa , Kurland ; † December 4, 1824 in Stechau). In the spring of 1801, Ampach, who studied law, was in Paris as a Saxon agent and managed to be introduced to Napoleon . His curious and impertinent questions, however, led the Saxon ambassador Johann Adolph von Loß to distance himself in July 1801 . From 1803 Ampach was a member of the government of the Meissen Monastery in Wurzen, which was still an independent government until 1818 , and as such was dean of the Wurzen Collegiate Foundation . Together with the cathedral provost and building researcher Christian Ludwig Stieglitz , he led the fundamental renovation of the interior of the collegiate church (cathedral) St. Marien in the early neo-Gothic style from 1817 .

Ampach was the landowner in Hermswalde near Sommerfeld in the Neumark , Stechau , which he inherited in 1826, and in Lüptitz , now part of Hohburg .

Schnorr von Carolsfeld's Annunciation , commissioned by Ampach in 1820 as an altarpiece for Wurzen, today in the Alte Nationalgalerie in Berlin

Patrons and collectors

As a patron and art collector, he traveled to Rome in the first half of 1820 in order to commission the Nazarenes there on a large scale for his own account. The painter friends Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld , Friedrich von Olivier and Theodor Rehbenitz lived since 1819 in the building of the Prussian legation at the Holy See , in the Palazzo Caffarelli on the Capitol hill, which is why they were called the three Capitoliner . Ampach also ordered the Annunciation as a devotional image for the chapter of the cathedral church in Wurzen from Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld . This proclamation has been part of the collection of the Alte Nationalgalerie in Berlin since 1906 .

Christ cycle

For his private house chapel in Naumburg, Markt 10, during his stay in 1820, Ampach ordered nine paintings from a thematically specified Christ cycle, which were executed by nine painters under the direction of Schnorr (1820–1827). Ampach's idea of ​​the nine pictures in his cycle on the life of Jesus was initially based on the fact that each should be painted by a different German artist working in Rome. This made his commission the third important community cycle of the Nazarenes after those of Casa Bartholdy and Casino Massimo . Ampach chose the artists himself. The German trade press of the time reported on the award of contracts. Schnorr, who took over the coordination of the order processing for Ampach, suggested Olivier and took a picture himself. The still missing ninth painter was last decided at a joint dinner with von Ampach, Rehbenitz suggested and accepted from the group, although Schnorr immediately expressed doubts. Specifically, they returned to Germany after the following contracts were awarded:

Destroyed in a fire in the Glass Palace
Three Kings Chapel in Naumburg Cathedral with Schadow's painting
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow : Christ declaring the law / Christ among the Pharisees (1827)
  • Theodor Rehbenitz: Christ, tried in the desert, dated and signed by Rehbenitz in 1823 in almost (?) Finished condition, who was completely overwhelmed with the order. Completed in 1825 with Rehbenitz's consent by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld. Preparatory boxes by Rehbenitz and studies by Schnorr are in the Rehbenitz estate in the Behnhaus in Lübeck
  • Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld: Christ, blessing the children / Let the little children come to me, burned in 1931 in the Glaspalast in Munich , parts of the preparatory cardboard in the Rehbenitz estate in the Behnhaus in Lübeck
  • Friedrich von Olivier: Christ and the interest penny / Christ and the Pharisees discuss the tribute
  • Carl Adolf Senff : Christ healing the Canaanite / Christ and the Canaanite woman
  • Philipp Veit : Christ on the Mount of Olives
  • Carl Eggers : The washing of the feet of Christ
  • Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein : Crucifixion / Christ on the Cross He also painted Ampach's portrait in Rome in 1820.
  • Gustav Heinrich Naecke : Christ appearing to the disciples for the last time / Peace be with you (1824/25)

In the winter of 1824/25, von Ampach traveled to Rome again to see the status of his commissioned work on site. Not all were finished yet. However, some of the pictures were also taken in Germany, where the Nazarenes returned, one after the other, to take permanent positions offered by them.

Ampach's commission to Friedrich Overbeck to picture Christ's Last Supper with the Apostles was withdrawn . Overbeck's chalk drawing came into the possession of President Vischer in Basel through the mediation of Emilie Linder in 1836 .

Ampach arranged the pictures so that Schadow's picture was placed in the center as an altarpiece, on the right the four paintings by Rehbenitz, Olivier, Veit and Vogel von Vogelstein, which showed the veneration of Christ against holiness and submission to the will of God , and on the left the four pictures by Schnorr von Carolsfeld, Senff, Eggers and Naecke , on which Christ is depicted as The Merciful. To explain the nine Christ paintings he had a brochure of the same name published anonymously in 1828, in which it became clear that Ampach saw the production and exhibition of the pictures as his contribution to religious education . The Christ Room, which, in addition to the altar and the paintings, also included statues of the twelve apostles, two woolen carpets and a charity table for receiving donations, was open to the public from the start.

estate

After his death in 1831, the core of Ampach's important Nazarene collection, consisting of the nine original paintings in the Christ Room , became the property of the Naumburg Cathedral Chapter after his death in 1831. The paintings of the Christ cycle were initially stored in the chapter room and in May 1834 they were hung in the so-called Horakirche in the choir of the cathedral. Later they hung in the Dreikönigskapelle, temporarily also in the Nikolauskapelle. Of the original nine pictures, eight are still preserved today after the loss of one in the Glaspalast (Munich) fire disaster. They have been shown again in the Three Kings Chapel in Naumburg Cathedral since 2006 . The hand drawings of these 9 paintings made on Ampach's order by Heinrich Mücke received, also as a legacy of Ampachs, the Wurzen monastery, where they have been preserved in the cathedral monastery archive to this day.

In addition to the paintings, von Ampach bequeathed extensive legacies: 1000 thalers for the girls' school on the cathedral freedom in Naumburg, 1000 thalers for the street lighting on the cathedral freedom, 400 thalers for the beautification of the cathedralfreedom church, 1000 thalers for the cathedral church to decorate the high choir, 1000 thalers for v. Ampach's foundation fund for very loyal servants for annual distribution, 500 thalers to the Naumburg Citizen Rescue Institute, 500 thalers for free meals for the cathedral school , the v. A. when Scholasticus of the cathedral chapter had to specially supervise, 400 thalers for the women's association in Naumburg to support poor daughters in Naumburg, 300 thalers for the poor, 200 thalers for the church in the village of Stechau, 100 thalers for an epitaph for themselves in this church ( received) and 50 thalers for the poor there, finally 3200 thalers as a small legacy to 10 of his godchildren. Among other things, he bequeathed a large gold medal from Werth to one of his servants, who had served him faithfully and carefully waited for him for a long time, with the inscription: "Faithful master, faithful servant, is praised here and justified there."

The rest of his art collection, including two works by Lucas Cranach : Christ on the Cross and Mary with the Child, to whom Johannes hands grapes and fruit , as well as his outstanding coin collection Numophilatrium Ampachianum , were sold through a series of auctions after his death. However, the collections can still be documented today through the surviving estate catalogs and are still used today for provenance research. Some Gothic window panes (probably made of Wurzen) came to Falkenstein Castle (Harz) , for example .

Fonts

  • French legislation under the consuls. An announcement of the annals of the latest French legislation, judicial constitution and legal scholarship Leipzig: Martini 1803

literature

Ampach coat of arms
  • Christian Lebrecht von Ampach , in: New Nekrolog der Deutschen. 9 (1831), I. Theil, Ilmenau 1833, pp. 500f.

About the cycle

  • Max Hasse : Theodor Rehbenitz and his order for the Baron von Ampach, in: Der Wagen 1961, pp. 95-101
  • Ekkehard Mai :  Naeke, Gustav Heinrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-428-00199-0 , p. 706 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Christian Leberecht von Ampach: For explanation when looking at the nine Christ paintings. Naumburg 1828
  • Franz Trautwein: The cycle of paintings by the Naumburg Canon of Ampach in the Epiphany Chapel. Naumburg a. S .: H. Sieling [1929]
  • Antje Fischer: The picture cycle of the Canon of Ampach in Naumburg. Dipl. Arb. Greifswald 1988/90
  • Ulrike Graul: Immanuel Christian Leberecht v. Ampach (1772–1831), the Nazarenes and his foundation for the Naumburg Cathedral. In: The Naumburg Cathedral Treasure. Petersberg: Imhof 2006, ISBN 3-86568-149-2 , pp. 162-168

Estate catalogs

  • Directory of the art collection of copperplate engravings, etchings, original hand drawings ... and other magnificent works ... which ... at the end of November 1832 ... are to be auctioned publicly ... left by the deceased ... Mr. CL von Ampach.
  • Numophylacii Ampachiani… the directory of the collection of coins and medals left by the late cathedral dean of Wurzen and cathedral chapter of Naumburg an der Saale, councilor Christian Leberecht von Ampach. 3 volumes, Reclam, Leipzig 1833–1835.

Web links

Commons : Immanuel Christian Leberecht von Ampach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ He signed numerous official documents for the Saxon court in Dresden and the higher regional court in Naumburg in this form.
  2. ^ Leopold Zedlitz: New Prussian Adels Lexicon Volume 1, p. 112
  3. ↑ GHdA -Adelslexikon
  4. ^ Fritz Friedrich : Politics of Saxony 1801 to 1803: A contribution to the history of the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. (Leipzig studies from the field of history) Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot 1898, p. 41
  5. ^ Michael Teichmann: Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld (1794-1872) and his oil paintings: monograph and catalog raisonné. P. Lang, Frankfurt a. a. 2001 (= European university publications. Art history 387) ISBN 978-3-631-37800-7 , p.
  6. ↑ So Ekkehard Mai, in: NDB: Naecke
  7. ↑ Schorns Kunstblatt, Volume 14, Part 1, p. 263
  8. ↑ Margaret Howitt: Friedrich Overbeck. Volume 2: 1833-1869. Freiburg i. Br .: Herder 1886, p. 408
  9. ↑ Ampach: for explanation (Lit), quoted from Graul (Lit.) p. 166.
  10. ↑ Figure see Graul (Lit.), p. 168.
  11. ↑ See Allgemeine Kirchenzeitung 13 (1834), p. 975
  12. ↑ Neuer Nekrolog ... (Lit.), p. 501
  13. ↑ See Ulrike Graul (lit.), pp. 166f
  14. ↑ According to New Nekrolog ...
  15. ↑ Joseph Heller : Lucas Cranach's life and works. Nuremberg: JL Lotzbeck 2 1854, p. 86
  16. ^ Entry at Museum-digital
personal data
SURNAME Ampach, Immanuel Christian Leberecht von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Meissnian collegiate councilor, canon in Naumburg and dean of the collegiate chapter in Wurzen
DATE OF BIRTH December 11, 1772
PLACE OF BIRTH Artern
DATE OF DEATH June 5, 1831
Place of death Naumburg (Saale)