Lubsko

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Lubsko
Lubsko coat of arms
Lubsko (Poland)
Lubsko
Lubsko
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lebus
Powiat : Żarski
Gmina : Lubsko
Area : 13.00  km²
Geographic location : 51 ° 47 '  N , 14 ° 58'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 47 '0 "  N , 14 ° 58' 0"  E
Height : 68 m npm
Residents : 14,221 (December 31, 2016)
Postal code : 68-300
Telephone code : (+48) 68
License plate : FZA
Economy and Transport
Street : Żary - Gubin
Rail route : Berlin – Wrocław
Next international airport : Dresden



Lubsko [ 'lupskɔ ] ( German Sommerfeld , Lower Sorbian Žemŕ , Polish until 1947 Zemsz ) is a town in Lower Lusatia in the powiat Żarski of the Polish Lubusz voivodeship . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with around 18,800 inhabitants.

Geographical location

The city is located to the east not far from the Oder , on the Lubsza River (German Lubst / Lubis ), 28 kilometers from Żary (Sorau) and 30 kilometers from Guben and Forst .

history

Sommerfeld in 1841, after Daniel Murmann

Some finds from the time of the Lausitz culture show that the area around today's city was already populated in the Bronze Age. The place Sommerfeld was mentioned for the first time in a privilege to build a castle by Margrave Heinrich I of Meißen from the year 1106. However, he was no longer alive at this point. The document is probably a forgery to underpin claims to the Lausitz mark within the aristocratic Wettin family .

The town charter was granted in 1283 by the margrave Heinrich III. awarded by Meissen under Magdeburg law . King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia granted the city the right to mint in 1411. Since 1482, Sommerfeld belonged to the Electorate of Brandenburg (as a result of the Glogau succession dispute ).

Wallenstein visited the city on October 16, 1627 and the following year . In 1793, the Knight of St. John George Friedrich von Beerfelde was mentioned as the lord of the manor at Sommerfeld Castle . His descendants rebuilt the castle in 1840 in the shape it had until 1945.

In the course of the Prussian administrative reform of 1815, Sommerfeld was incorporated into the Brandenburg district of Crossen and was always the largest city in the district until 1945. The first steam engine was put into operation in 1835, and the first factory chimney was built in the same year. On September 1, 1846, Sommerfeld was connected to the Berlin – Breslau railway line . In 1857 a gas works started operations, and in 1863 water pipes were laid. In 1866 Paul von Hindenburg stayed in Sommerfeld and lived in what was then Morgenstraße 23. Street lighting was introduced in 1896 with incandescent gas .

Until September 30, 1928, the Sommerfeld estate existed as a legally independent unit; in 1910 it had around 100 inhabitants.

During the Second World War , in March / April 1945, the Red Army placed Sommerfeld, which had hardly been destroyed during the conquest, under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland . As early as June 1945, the population began to be expelled and Poles were settled in the city .

Attractions

  • Renaissance town hall
  • City Church (Visitation of the Virgin Mary)
  • Sacred Heart Church
  • lock
  • Büttelturm
  • Railway systems with 2 water towers

  • lock

  • City Church

  • Sacred Heart Church

  • Railway water tower

population

Population up to 1945

  • 1875: 10.235
  • 1880: 11.073
  • 1925: 11,196, of which 10,541 Protestants, 359 Catholics, ten other Christians and 33 Jews
  • 1933: 10,931, thereof 10,195 Evangelicals, 372 Catholics, no other Christians and 39 Jews
  • 1939: 10,578, of which 9,837 Evangelicals, 419 Catholics, ten other Christians and 14 Jews

Slavic population

Sommerfeld was initially inhabited by Slavic people. Germans moved in from the 13th century, and the German language and culture prevailed in the following century, also under the influence of German rule. In 1583 a Wendish chapel was demolished. An Eastern Lower Sorbian dialect was spoken well into the 18th century, especially in the suburbs . Traces of Wendish culture and language have persisted until 1945.

traffic

On September 1, 1846, Sommerfeld was connected to the Berlin – Breslau railway line . Later on, other railway lines branched off from Sommerfeld to Crossen and Weißwasser , so that the city became an important railway junction.

local community

The city ​​and country community (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Lubsko includes the city itself and 18 villages with school authorities.

Twin cities

Personalities

See also

literature

  • W. Riehl and J. Scheu (eds.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz . Berlin 1861, pp. 533-536.
  • Eduard Ludwig Wedekind : Diplomatic Chronicle of the Immediatstadt Sommerfeld from its construction up to the present time. Publisher Riep, Krossen 1846.
  • Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg. Volume 3: Containing the Neumark Brandenburg. Berlin 1809, pp. 301-303 ( books.google.de ).
  • Hermann Standke : Local history of Niederlausitz for school and home with special consideration of the forest and the surrounding area . Rauert & Pittius, Sorau / NL 1923.
  • Gerhard Schulz: 850 years of Sommerfeld 1106–1956. Self-published by the Sommerfeld local support, Berlin 1956.
  • Wiesław Hładkiewicz (ed.): Lubsko, Jasień. Z dziejów i współczesności. Lubuskie Towarzystwo Kultury, Zielona Góra 1977 ( Zeszyty lubuskie LTK 15, ISSN  0239-4790 ).
  • Jerzy Piotr Majchrzak: Miasto ze złotym lwem w herbie. Dom Wydawniczy "SORAVIA", Żary 1998, ISBN 83-907074-5-4 .
  • Władyslaw Mochocki: Lubsko we wspomnieniach / Lubsko in memories. Urząd Miejski w Lubsku, Lubsko 2003, ISBN 83-911822-4-X (bilingual edition).

Web links

Commons : Lubsko  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Sommerfeld in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Crossen administrative history
  2. ^ History of the district of Crossen (Oder) Brandenburger Landschleicher
  3. ^ Frido Mětšk : Serbsko-pólska rěčna hranica w 16. a 17. lětstotku [The Sorbian-Polish language border in the 16th and 17th centuries]. In: Lětopis , Series B, Volume III (1958), Ludowe nakładnistwo Domowina, Bautzen 1958, pp. 4–25.
  4. ↑ One-day seminar on Wendish costume in Lubsko, Poland . Cottbus, August 6, 2013.
  5. ↑ Reinhard MW Hanke: Conference on Lower Sorbian costumes in Sommerfeld on August 19, 2013 . AGOMWBW circular no.632 of August 21, 2013, Berlin.
  6. ^ Wilhelm Heinrich Erbkam:  Kähler, Ludwig August . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, pp. 1-3.
  7. ↑ Literaturport, historical authors, "M"