Gerhard Domagk
Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk (born October 30, 1895 in Lagow , Brandenburg ; † April 24, 1964 in Burgberg , today part of Königsfeld in the Black Forest ) was a German pathologist , bacteriologist and Nobel Prize winner . He introduced the sulfonamides into medicine as antibiotics (means for chemically fighting bacteria) and thus for the treatment of infections.
Life
Gerhard Domagk was born the son of a school principal. He attended school in Sommerfeld until he was 14 years old . He began studying medicine at the University of Kiel , which he interrupted after the first semester to take part in the First World War as a volunteer . He joined the 8th Leib Grenadier Regiment in Frankfurt an der Oder . In the first year of the war, 1914, he was wounded on the Eastern Front and was then used as a medic until the end of the war. Then he finished his studies.
Domagk began at the University of Greifswald , bacteria caused infections to explore. In 1923 he escaped the serious railway accident at Kreiensen by chance - he had left the train briefly. In 1925 he followed his professor Walter Groß (1878–1933) to the University of Münster and completed his habilitation on the subject of "The destruction of infectious diseases by the reticuloendothelium and the development of amyloid". In the same year he married his wife Gertrud, geb. Strübe, with whom he had three sons and a daughter.
From 1929 onwards, Domagk researched and developed, preferably at the Bayer AG main plant within IG Farben in Wuppertal - Elberfeld . There he led a laboratory for experimental pathology and led as part of an extensive research program of the company for investigation of dyes as antibacterial chemotherapeutics in collaboration with chemists Fritz Mietzsch and Josef Klarer the sulfonamides in the chemotherapy of bacterial infections a. He also developed effective anti- tuberculosis drugs . The first publication on the newly discovered sulfonamides and their antibacterial effects was made by him in 1935 and the drug Prontosil came onto the market in 1936.
For this important discovery he received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1939 . However, due to an order from Adolf Hitler , it was forbidden to accept the Nobel Prize from 1937. This was preceded by the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to the journalist and opponent of the regime Carl von Ossietzky , which had meant a defeat in foreign policy for the National Socialists. The arrangement should prevent repetition.
Domagk was elected a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in 1942 . From 1944 he was a member of the scientific advisory board of the authorized representative for health care, Karl Brandt .
In 1947 Domagk was able to receive the Nobel Prize for Medicine from the hands of the Swedish king, but without the associated sum of money, which had not been received within a year, as provided for in the foundation's provisions.
Domagk published his book “Pathological Anatomy and Chemotherapy of Infectious Diseases” in 1947 and “Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis with Thiosemicarbazones” in 1950. From 1958 he was a full professor for general pathology at the University of Münster. In 1960 he left Bayer AG for reasons of age.
Domagk died in 1964. His grave is in the Lauheide forest cemetery near Münster.
Awards
- 1937: Emil Fischer commemorative coin
- 1937: Gold medal at the Paris World Exhibition in 1937
- 1938: Addingham Medal, Leeds
- 1939: Cameron Prize, Edinburgh
- 1939: Von Klebelsberg Medal and Prize, Budapest
- 1939: Nobel Prize for Medicine (rejected under duress. Nobel Lecture 1947).
- 1940: Prize of the "Foundation for Experimental Therapy" ( Aronson Prize until 1933 )
- 1940: Honorary member of the Royal Academy of Barcelona
- 1940: Honorary member of the Acad. Espagn. Dermatol. e. Sifil.
- 1941: member. Kaiserl. Leopold. Carol. German. Academy f. Naturalist
- 1941: Honorary doctorate in medicine and surgery from the University of Bologna
- 1941: Medaglia Paterno, Rome
- 1943: Honorary member of the German Society for Pediatrics
- 1943: Honorary Senator of the University of Greifswald
- 1943: Prize to combat infant and small child mortality in Königsberg
- 1943: Honorary member of the Robert Koch Institute
- 1944: Knight's Cross of the War Merit Cross
- 1945: Honorary doctorate from the University of Münster , awarded on January 30th
- 1949: Honorary citizen of the Argentine province of Entre Ríos
- 1949: Order of El Sol del Perú
- 1950: Honorary Citizenship of Verona
- 1951 honorary citizen of Wuppertal
- 1952: Pour le mérite for science and the arts
- 1955: Large Cross of Merit with Star of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
- 1956: Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize
- 1962: Order of the Rising Sun II class , Japan
Commemoration
Street names and places
In Munich, the Domagkpark area and Domagkstraße bear his name. From 1967 until its closure in 1982, a lung sanatorium in Ruppertshain ( Taunus ) was named after him.
The pathological institute of the University Hospital Münster is named after him.
Other streets are in Bad Berka , Berlin, Bocholt , Bonn, Bünde , Dormagen , Düsseldorf, Frankfurt am Main, Hanover, Homburg , Königsfeld in the Black Forest (district Burgberg), Cologne, Leverkusen, Lindau , Ludwigshafen am Rhein , Münster , Neumünster , Vlotho and Wuppertal named after Gerhard Domagk.
Foundation and science award
The "Cancer Research Professor Dr. Gerhard Domagk" foundation, established in 1961 at the University of Münster , awards a research prize financed from foundation funds and endowed with 10,000 euros for scientific achievements that have made outstanding contributions to research into the fight against cancer. The best work on the "metabolism of tumors and its influence" is awarded.
literature
- Herbert L. Schrader: Gerhard Domagk. The invention of sulfonamides as a remedy and the discovery of new drugs for tuberculosis. In: Hans Schwerte and Wilhelm Spengler (eds.): Researchers and scientists in Europe today. 2. Doctors, biologists, anthropologists (= designers of our time. Volume 4). Stalling, Oldenburg 1955, pp. 143–150 (The editors were SS cadres.).
- Rosemarie Altstaedter (Ed.): A pioneer who made medical history: a documentation about Prof. Dr. med. Gerhard Domagk on the 50th anniversary of the award of the Nobel Prize for Medicine , Bayer AG, Health Sector, Health Policy, Leverkusen 1989
- Bayer AG , Pharmaceuticals Division: Gerhard Domagk 1895–1964. Life memories in pictures and texts. Cologne 1995.
- Werner E. Gerabek : Domagk, Gerhard. In: Werner E. Gerabek, Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 320 f.
- Ekkehard Grundmann : Gerhard Domagk. The first winner over the infectious diseases , Lit-Verlag, Münster 2001, ISBN 978-3825840679
- Thomas Hager: The demon under the microscope. From battlefield hospitals to Nazi labs. One doctor's heroic search for the world's first miracle drug. Harmony Books, New York 2006, ISBN 1-4000-8213-7 .
- Liselotte Folkerts: Gerhard Domagks work extends to the present , In: Westfälische Nachrichten . July 16, 2007.
Fonts
- with Carl Hegler : Chemotherapy of bacterial infections , 3rd edition, Hirzel 1944
- Pathological anatomy and chemotherapy of infectious diseases , Thieme 1947
Web links
- Literature by and about Gerhard Domagk in the catalog of the German National Library
- Biography ( Memento from March 14, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- Biography of the operator of the lung clinic in the Taunus, originally named after Domagk
- Video: Gerhard Domagk, Wuppertal-Elberfeld 1960 . Institute for Scientific Film (IWF) 1964, made available by the Technical Information Library (TIB), doi : 10.3203 / IWF / G-70 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Werner E. Gerabek: Domagk, Gerhard. 2005, p. 320.
- ↑ Ekkehard Grundmann: Gerhard Domagk: the first winner over the infectious diseases . Münster 2001, p. 20. The information on the scene of the accident is incorrectly given here.
- ↑ Gerhard Domagk: A contribution to the chemotherapy of bacterial infections. In: German Medical Weekly. Volume 61, 1935, p. 250.
- ^ Ekkehard Grundmann: Gerhard Domagk. A pathologist conquers the bacterial infectious diseases. In: The Pathologist. Volume 22, 2001, pp. 241-251. doi : 10.1007 / s002920100469
- ^ John Lesch: The first miracle drugs. Oxford University Press, 2007.
- ↑ Information from the Nobel Foundation on the award ceremony in 1939 to Gerhard Domagk (English)
- ↑ cf. Ekkehard Grundmann: Gerhard Domagk - the first winner over the infectious diseases. 2nd Edition. LIT Verlag, Berlin and Münster 2018, pp. 79ff.
- ↑ Member entry of Gerhard Domagk (with picture and CV) at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on May 24, 2016.
- ^ Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. Frankfurt 2005, ISBN 978-3868203110 , p. 116.
- ↑ Albert Gossauer: Structure and reactivity of biomolecules. Helvetica Chimica Acta, Zurich 2006, p. 264, ISBN 978-3-906390-29-1 .
- ↑ Gerhard Domagk's résumé in 1943 on the occasion of the award of the honorary senator of the University of Greifswald , there stated "1938"
- ↑ Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift , 1940, p. 848.
- ↑ Gerhard Domagk's résumé written in 1943 on the occasion of being awarded the honorary senatorial title of the University of Greifswald, given there for 1940 and 1941
- ↑ a b Ekkehard Grundmann : Gerhard Domagk. The first winner over the infectious diseases , Lit-Verlag, Münster 2001, ISBN 978-3825840679 , p. 189.
- ↑ Gerhard Domagk's résumé in 1943 on the occasion of the award of the honorary senator of the University of Greifswald
- ^ Bayer AG [ed.], Gerhard Domagk (1895–1964). Memories of life in pictures and texts , Cologne 1995, p. 165.
- ^ Ekkehard Grundmann: Gerhard Domagk. The first winner over infectious diseases , Lit-Verlag, Münster 2001, ISBN 978-3825840679 , p. 110. (Appointed by the Minister of the Interior Heinrich Himmler )
- ↑ Frank Ryan: Tuberculosis: The Greatest Story Never Told , Bromsgrove 1992, p. 205.
- ^ Leopoldina : Directory of members: Gerhard Domagk , accessed on September 19, 2016
- ^ Gerhard Domagk: A groundbreaking invention , Deutsches Ärzteblatt 2013; 110 (33-34), accessed January 18, 2016
- ^ Atelier talk with Cragg about the sculpture , accessed on January 18, 2016
- ↑ Munich demilitarizes building area. The radio barracks will be called Domagkpark in future. BR.de ( Memento from November 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Website of the University of Münster on the foundation
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Domagk, Gerhard |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Domagk, Gerhard Johannes Paul (full name) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German pathologist and bacteriologist |
DATE OF BIRTH | October 30, 1895 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Lagow , Brandenburg |
DATE OF DEATH | April 24, 1964 |
Place of death | Königsfeld in the Black Forest |