Charles Nicolle

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Charles Nicolle

Charles Jules Henri Nicolle (born September 21, 1866 in Rouen , France , † February 28, 1936 in Tunis , Tunisia ) was a French doctor and microbiologist . Nicolle provided essential work on tuberculosis and diphtheria . In 1928 he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on typhus .

Life

Nicolle was born as the second of three sons of the French doctor Eugène Nicolle in the northern French city of Rouen. His mother was the daughter of a local watchmaker. He attended the Lycée Corneille and after graduating from school began to study medicine with his older brother Maurice at the University of Rouen . Nicolle moved to Paris, where he completed his studies in 1893 and received his doctorate at the " Pasteur Institute " under Émile Roux with a bacteriological thesis on the soft chancre . After completing his studies, he returned to Rouen, where he received a professorship for internal medicine in 1896 and took over the management of the bacteriological laboratory. In 1903 he was appointed director of the Pasteur Institute in Tunis . He held this position until his death. In 1920 he became a corresponding member and in 1929 a member ( membre non résidant ) of the Académie des sciences .

family

Nicole's older brother Maurice also studied medicine. He was the first to isolate the rinderpest pathogen . His younger brother Marcel was an artist, museum curator, and art critic. Charles Nicolle married Alice Avice in 1895, with whom he had two children.

research

Nicolle conducted research on numerous infectious diseases, including flu , kala-azar and scarlet fever . In addition to cultivating various pathogens on artificial culture media, he was also able to carry out passive immunizations against measles . Nicolle's main merit was the discovery of the transmission of typhus by clothes lice. To this end, he conducted research with great apes and even allowed himself to be infected with typhus himself in a self-experiment. For this work he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1928.

Publications (selection)

  • “ Naissance, vie et mort des maladies infectieuses. “Paris, Alcan, 1930.
  • with Robert Debré and René Leriche : " L'expérimentation en médecine " Paris, Alcan, 1934.
  • “ Responsabilités de la médecine ” Paris, Alcan, 1935.
  • “ Destin des maladies infectieuses. “Paris, Alcan, 1937.

literature

Web links

Commons : Charles Nicolle  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Bernt Karger-Decker “ At the gate of life: Portraits of the trailblazer in medicine ” (Volume 2), Verlag Edition q, 1991, ISBN 3-928024-08-6
  2. ↑ a b c Biography of Charles Nicolle ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the website of the Institut Pasteur (accessed July 1, 2014) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pasteur.fr
  3. ↑ a b c " Charles Nicolle - Biographical " from " Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1922-1941 ", Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1965 ( online ) (accessed July 1, 2014) (English)
  4. ^ Charles Nicolle " Recherches sur le chancre mou " Paris: Soc. Ed. scientifiques, 1893
  5. ^ List of members since 1666: letter N. Académie des sciences, accessed on January 27, 2020 (French).
  6. ↑ Biography of Maurice Nicolle ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the website of the Institut Pasteur (accessed July 1, 2014) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pasteur.fr
personal data
SURNAME Nicolle, Charles
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French doctor and microbiologist
DATE OF BIRTH September 21, 1866
PLACE OF BIRTH Rouen , France
DATE OF DEATH February 28, 1936
Place of death Tunis , Tunisia